Tem sido freqüentemente discutido na literatura científica o papel que desempenha cada hemisfério cerebral no processamento da informação emocional. O estudo realizado teve por objetivo investigar o padrão de dominância hemisférica para a percepção das expressões faciais de alegria, tristeza, raiva e medo. Em dois experimentos realizados foi utilizada a técnica de estudo campo visual dividido com a apresentação taquitoscópica de estímulos por 150 ms na tela de um monitor. Os estímulos foram compostos com fotografias de faces de quatro indivíduos (2H, 2M) retiradas da série Pictures of Facial Affect. Vinte e um observadores destros (9H, 12M) participaram do experimento 1. Em cada tentativa eram apresentadas duas fotografias de faces, uma à esquerda e outra à direita do ponto de fixação na tela do computador, em quatro diferentes condições: 1) face com emoção à esquerda e face neutra à direita, 2) face neutra à esquerda e face com emoção à direita, 3) face com emoção à direita e à esquerda, 4) face neutra à direita e à esquerda. Em cada tentativa, os observadores determinaram o lado em que havia sido apresentada a face que aparentava expressar mais emoção. Dezessete observadores destros (8H, 9M) participaram do experimento 2. Em cada apresentação de estímulo, uma foto de face era apresentada à direita ou à esquerda do ponto de fixação, localizado no centro da tela, e do lado oposto era apresentado um retângulo cinza. Foram elaboradas as seguintes condições de estímulo: 1) face com emoção à esquerda e retângulo cinza à direita, 2)retângulo cinza à esquerda e face com emoção à direita, 3) face neutra à esquerda e retângulo cinza à direita, 4) retângulo cinza à esquerda e face neutra à direita. Em cada tentativa, os observadores determinaram se a face apresentada aparentava ou não possuir emoção. Os tempos de reação e os erros de julgamento foram submetidos a ANOVAs para medidas repetidas. No primeiro experimento, a emoção foi em geral detectada mais rapidamente em faces apresentadas no campo visual esquerdo (p<0,01). As expressões de tristeza e raiva também foram percebidas mais rapidamente quando apresentadas no campo visual esquerdo (p<0,05). Em ambos os experimentos, as expressões de alegria e medo foram percebidas mais rapidamente e mais acuradamente que as expressões de tristeza e raiva (p<0,001). A expressão de tristeza foi detectada mais facilmente em faces femininas e a expressão de raiva em faces masculinas (p<0,05). De maneira geral, entretanto, a emoção foi detectada mais facilmente em faces femininas. Em ambos os experimentos houve diferenças entre as faces dos quatro indivíduos que representavam as expressões faciais. O hemisfério direito mostrou-se superior ao esquerdo na percepção das expressões faciais, especialmente na percepção das expressões de tristeza e raiva. A vantagem perceptiva do hemisfério direito é mais evidente para as expressões que são detectadas com maior dificuldade. A percepção de expressões faciais pode ser afetada pelo gênero da face e pelas singularidades da expressão facial individual. / The role that each brain hemisphere plays in the processing of emotional information has been frequently discussed in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of hemispheric dominance for the perception of the facial expressions of happiness, sadness, anger and fear. In two experiments the divided-visualfield technique was used with the taquitoscopic presentation of stimuli on a computer screen for 150 ms. The stimuli were composed with pictures of faces of four people (2M,2F) taken from the series Pictures of Facial Affect. Twenty one right-handed observers (9M,12F) took part in the experiment I. In each trial two pictures of faces were presented on the computer screen, one of them placed on the left side and the other one on the right side of the fixation point, in four different conditions: 1) face with emotion on the left and neutral face on the right, 2) neutral face on the left and face with emotion on the right, 3)face with emotion on the right and on the left, 4) neutral face on the right and on the left. In each trial the observers determined the side on which the face seemed to show greater emotional intensity. Seventeen right-handed observers (8M, 9F) took part in the experiment II. In each stimulus presentation, a picture of a face was presented either on the right or left side of the fixation point, placed on the center of the screen and, on the opposite side, a gray rectangle was presented. The following stimuli conditions were elaborated: 1) face with emotion on the left and gray rectangle on the right, 2) gray rectangle on the left and face with emotion on the right, 3) neutral face on the left and gray rectangle on the right, 4) gray rectangle on the left and neutral face on the right. In each trial the observers determined if the face presented had emotion or not. Time reactions and judgement errors were submitted to ANOVAs for repeated measures. In the first experiment, emotion was generally detected more quickly in faces presented on the left 10 visual field (p<0,01). The expressions of sadness and anger were also perceived more quickly when presented on the left visual field (p<0,05). In both experiments, expressions of happiness and fear were perceived more quickly and more accurately than expressions of sadness and anger (p<0,001). The expression of sadness was detected more easily in feminine faces and the expression of anger in masculine faces (p<0,05). In general, however, the emotion was detected more easily in feminine faces. In both experiments there were differences in the perception between the faces of the four individuals that represented the facial expressions. The right hemisphere showed superior to the left hemisphere in the perception of facial expressions, especially for the perception of expressions of sadness and anger. The perceptive advantage of the right hemisphere is more evident for the expressions that are detected with more difficulty. The perception of facial expressions can be affected by the gender of the face and the singularities of the individual facial expression.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marson_e_me_bauru.pdf: 6541029 bytes, checksum: 037719360bac8f410784d129b86ac7a7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No cenário atual, muitas estratégias são usadas para atrair o consumidor, que deixou de suprir apenas, as necessidades consideradas naturais para satisfazer desejos e necessidades correspondentes a expectativas sociais. Diante desse consumidor ávido por novidades, o comércio estimula seu ímpeto para o consumo, fazendo uso da comunicação para atingir seus objetivos. Uma das mídias utilizadas, a vitrina, é o objeto deste estudo, aqui apresentada como uma mídia de comunicação com grande capacidade de atrair o consumidor. Objeto de estudos restritos, porém, com grande capacidade de persuasão, a vitrina investiga esta pesquisa que tem o objetivo de avaliar o papel do design em seu planejamento como atrativo para valorizar a imagem do produto e do ponto de venda, agregando valor na forma de expô-los ao consumidor. O objetivo específico visa relacionar o impacto emocional que sua composição, com o uso de conceitos e técnicas do design, pode proporcionar ao público, em específico o feminino. Para isso, optou-se por uma investigação bibliográfica e de campo. Compreende uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e por raciocínio indutivo. Os dados obtidos geraram informações que contribuem como ferramentas no planejamento visual da vitrina. Os conceitos do design, da emoção e da percepção visual, articulados por profissionais capacitados por meio do ensino de design, permitem que a informação transmitida pelas vitrinas seja compreendida pelos consumidores / In the present scenery, many strategies are used to attract the consumers, which stopped supplying just the necessities considered natural to satisfy desires and the necessities towards the social expectations. Considering this eager consumer of news, the commerce stimulates his willing for consumption, making use of the communication to reach its aims. One of the used media, the window display, is the object of this study, here presented as a communication media with a great capacity to attract the shopper. Object of restrict studies, however, with a great persuasion power, the window display instigates this research that has the aim of evaluating the role of the design in its planning as an attractive to worth the image of the product and the store as well, attributing value in the way it is displayed to the shopper. The specific objective aims to connect the emotional impact that is composition, with the design's concepts and technical, can provide to the public, mainly the female one. That's why the option was to use both a bibliographic and a camping research. It concerns an exploratory research with qualitative approach and inductive throught. The obtained data created information that contributes a tools in the visual planning of the window display. The concepts of the design, emotion and visual perception said by the most capable professionals in design teaching, allow that the information transmited by the window display is understood by the shoppers

As cores fazem parte da nossa vida, assim como os produtos e objetos que nos cercam, que ao longo do tempo puderam ser ofertados em variadas cores. Tendo em vista a atividade do designer de produto, buscou-se com este estudo compreender como a seleção de cores no projeto de produto pode ser orientada para gerar bem-estar. Para isso, foi realizado um trabalho de pesquisa aplicada que entrevistou professores e designers visando conhecer o processo de seleção de cores de designers gaúchos articulando com o potencial emocional despertado pelas cores em produtos. Este trabalho apresenta como resultado um marco teórico sobre a influência da cor na relação emocional com produtos, que ocorre em duas dimensões: a cor como estímulo e a cor como experiência. Além disso, apresenta-se a diferença entre professores e designers no processo de seleção de cor em produtos, por fim, através de um mapa, sugere um processo para seleção de cores no projeto de produto. / Colors are an important part of our lives, as are the products and objects that surround us, and as time went by, they could be offered in a multiple array of colors. Looking at the activities of a product designer, this study sought out understanding how the selection of color in a project of a product can be oriented towards common well-being. To achieve this, an applied research was done, interviewing professors and designers, looking into the process of selection of colors made by local designers, articulated with the emotional potential that emerges by colors on products. This study shows as a result e theoretical model about the influence of color on the emotional relations with the products, that presents itself in two dimensions: color as a stimulus and color as an experience itself. Furthermore, it presents through a map, a suggestion on the process of color selection on the product project. Besides that the differences between professors and designers colors choosing methods will be presented at the end, a process of color selection will be presented through a map.

A pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação teve como tema os personagens em games. Seu objetivo foi compreender a influência dos personagens sobre as emoções da experiência de jogo, levando em conta as questões relativas à carracterização, atuação e ao papel dos mesmos no encadeamento da narrativa. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise da estrutura narrativa do jogo Portal (Valve Co., 2007) e um estudo empírico qualitativo dos vínculos emocionais dos jogadores durante a experiência de jogo. Além de seu grande sucesso e popularidade, esse jogo foi escolhido devido à importância do NPC, cujas manifestações constróem a narrativa. A pesquisa verificou a coerência entre as teorias sobre a construção de personagens, bem como sobre narrativa e emoção e a experiência dos jogadores. Além disso, foi possível constatar que os vínculos emocionais dos jogadores que participaram do estudo divergiram nos momentos de maior e menor tensão e convergiram nas passagens de tensão intermediária. A visualização da estrutura narrativa do jogo Portal e sua comparação com as marcações efetuadas pelos jogadores nas várias passagens do jogo contribuem para a melhor compreensão da relação entre a variação dos vínculos emocionais e os momentos da narrativa, com destaque para a relação do jogador com os NPCs. / The research presented in this dissertation has its object the characters in games. The goal was to understand the influence of the characters on the emotions of the game experience, taking into account issues relating to carracterização, performance and the role of teachers in the thread of the narrative. For this, an analysis of the narrative structure of the game Portal (Valve Co., 2007) and a qualitative empirical study of the emotional bonds of the players during the game experience was performed. Besides its great success and popularity, this game was chosen because of the importance of the NPC, whose manifestations construct the narrative. The survey found consistency between theories about characters’development, as well as on narrative and emotion, and the experience of players. Furthermore, it was found that the emotional bonds of the players who participated in the study differed in times of high and low tensions and converged in the passages of intermediate twnsions. The visualization of the narrative structure of the game Portal and its comparison with the markings made by players in several passages of the game contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the variation of emotional bonds and the moments of the narrative, highlighting the relationship between the player and the NPCs.

abstract: As the world's resources face increasing pressure from a growing population, it is critical that psychologists understand the motivational processes that lead to cooperation or defection in the context of social dilemmas. Research has uncovered several key strategies for encouraging maintenance of these resources, however, one area that remains understudied is the effect various emotions may have on cooperation. Furthermore, it is important to consider the specific type of desired behavior: reduction of consumption of a shared resource, or increased contribution to a shared resource. The current study takes a step in this direction, examining the effects of two self-conscious emotions, guilt and pride, on behavior in two different kinds of social dilemmas. Guilt, a prosocial emotion that has been described as a "behavioral interrupt mechanism," is predicted to increase cooperation in both a social trap game and a public goods dilemma game. However, its effects should be strongest in the social trap game, in which the desired behavior is reduced consumption. Pride, an emotion that is conceptually related to the constructs of status and power, is predicted to motivate action in both domains, by increasing both consumption in the social trap game and contribution in the public goods dilemma game. Results partially support these predictions: Whereas guilt and pride both had the predicted effects on consumption in the social trap game, neither had a significant effect on contribution in the public goods dilemma game. Individual differences are examined, as are the results of a Game Feedback Sheet, which yielded insight as to how participants understood the rules of the games, and why they chose the strategies they did. Results support the idea that emotions represent a potentially fruitful avenue of research in social dilemma cooperation, and possible future directions for this research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Psychology 2012

abstract: The present study examined the relations of children's effortful control (EC), emotion understanding, maladjustment, social competence, and relationship quality with nonparental caregivers in a sample of 30-, 42-, and 54-month olds. EC was measured with mothers' and caregivers' reports, as well as observed behavioral tasks. Emotion understanding was assessed by asking children to identify emotions during a puppet task. Mothers and caregivers also reported on children's problem behaviors and social competence. Caregivers provided reports of the quality of their relationship with children. Results from longitudinal structural equation models indicated that even after controlling for sex, SES, language ability, and previous levels of constructs, emotion understanding predicted EC one year later at 42 and 54 months. In addition, children with higher EC had more positive relationships with caregivers at 42 and 54 months. Although EC and EU were not significantly related to maladjustment and social competence after accounting for within time covariation among constructs and longitudinal stability, marginal findings were in expected directions and suggested that more regulated children with better emotion understanding skills had fewer behavioral problems and were more socially skilled. Findings are discussed in terms of the strengths and limitations of the present study. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2012

abstract: The purpose of the current study was to use structural equation modeling-based quantitative genetic models to characterize latent genetic and environmental influences on proneness to three discrete negative emotions in middle childhood, according to mother-report, father-report and in-home observation. One primary aim was to test the extent to which covariance among the three emotions could be accounted for by a single, common genetically- and environmentally-influenced negative emotionality factor. A second aim was to examine the extent to which different reporters appeared to be tapping into the same genetically- and environmentally-influenced aspects of each emotion. According to mother- and father-report, moderate to high genetic influences were evident for all emotions, with mother- and father-report of fear and father-report of anger showing the highest heritability. Significant common environmental influences were also found for mother-report of anger and sadness in both univariate and multivariate models. For observed emotion, anger was moderately heritable with no evidence for common environmental variance, but sadness, object fear and social fear all showed modest to moderate common environmental influences and no significant genetic variance. In addition, cholesky decompositions examining genetic and environmental influences across reporter suggested that despite considerable overlap between mother-report and father-report, there was also reporter-specific variance on anger, sadness, and fear. Specifically, there were significant common environmental influences on mother-report of anger- and sadness that were not shared with father-report, and genetic influences on father-report of sadness and fear that were not shared with mother-report. In-home observations were not highly correlated enough with parent-report to support multivariate analysis for any emotion. Finally, according to both mother- and father-report, a single set of genetic and environmental influences was sufficient to account for covariance among all three negative emotions. However, fear was primarily explained by genetic influences not shared with other emotions, and anger also showed considerable emotion-specific genetic variance. In both cases, findings support the value of a more emotion-specific approach to temperament, and highlight the need to consider distinctions as well as commonalities across emotions, reporters and situations. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Psychology 2013

abstract: Previous research indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation and greater dissociation from one's emotions are often observed among trauma survivors. Further, trauma survivors often show greater negative emotions such as anger, and diminished positive emotions such as happiness. Relatively less is known about the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, emotion regulation difficulties, and non-trauma related emotional experiences in daily life. This study examined whether greater reports of posttraumatic stress symptoms, difficulties in emotion regulation, and dissociative tendencies were associated with greater intensity of anger and lower intensity of happiness during a relived emotions task (i.e., recalling and describing autobiographical memories evoking specific emotions). Participants were 50 individuals who had experienced a traumatic event and reported a range of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Participants rated how they felt while recalling specific emotional memories, as well as how they remembered feeling at the time of the event. Results showed that dissociative tendencies was the best predictor of greater intensity of anger and, contrary to the hypothesis, dissociative tendencies was predictive of greater happiness intensity as well. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating a paradoxical effect of heightened anger reactivity among individuals with dissociative tendencies. In addition, researchers have argued that individuals with a history of traumatization do not report lower positive emotional experiences. The present findings may suggest the use of dissociation as a mechanism to avoid certain trauma related emotions (e.g, fear and anxiety), in turn creating heightened experiences of other emotions such as anger and happiness. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Counseling Psychology 2013

abstract: Research in design, emotion, and product experience has focused on establishing a connection between the aesthetic qualities of products and emotions. Studies in product expression have demonstrated relevant patterns between aesthetics and spatial reasoning. In design research, fully understanding latent qualities of consumers assists in developing an immersive product experience which in turn can engender a lasting product relationship. This study evaluates how people interpret the emotionality of form in order to establish a veritable method for interpreting emotional variables in 3D objects. This research assesses the emotional perception of aesthetic values in 2D and 3D teapots. A teapot image collection and taxonomy was constructed with 101 images of teapots across four centuries. Eighty-four participants completed a card sorting task of twenty randomly distributed teapot images (taken from the total 101 image collection) into Plutchik's eight emotion categories. Individual pieces of the teapots were coded according to the base, handle, lid, or spout that was presented in the image. The coded pieces from the card-sorting task were arranged per frequency in the overall set. Through the use of response data from the card sorting task, a network of the images was developed in Pathfinder. The content of these results were compared to images of models gathered during an interview with an interactive co-creation method referred to as Magnetic Modeling. Magnetic Modeling is a methodological tool that allowed participants to manipulate individualized pieces of 3D printed teapots into proposed emotional labels. The findings of this research establish prototypical associations in aesthetic traits and teapot piece combinations for each emotion category. Participant responses were categorized into 4 personas representing the types of perceptual bias in the studies' participants. A discussion and comparison of the methods for academic and theoretical practice is provided. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Design 2014

Esta dissertação tem por escopo a questão das emoções - ?à ???? - na obra de Aristóteles, principalmente nos livros I e II da Retórica e da Ética Nicomaquéia. A definição aristotélica de como ????? \'emoção\' foi compreendida de diversas formas, porém sempre a partir dos seguintes elementos: como integrante da porção não-racional da alma, habituável à tutela da razão, como manifestação psicofísica, como causada por cognições. O problema é, portanto, reencontrar e reunir todos esses elementos na obra do Estagirita. / This thesis aims at the question of emotions - ?à ???? - in the works of Aristotle, mainly in the first and second books of Rhetoric and Nicomachean Ethics. The Aristotelian definition of ????? as \'emotion\' was understood in different ways, but always from the following elements: as part of the nonrational portion of the soul; as something that can grow accustomed to reason; as a psychophysic manifestation; as caused by cognitions. The problem is to find and gather all these elements from the works of Aristotle.