A presente investigação científica discorre acerca da economia da inovação tendo como pano de fundo a moderna economia da empresa, explorando aspectos empíricos da Europa e um estudo de caso sobre a inovação nas micro e pequenas empresas de calçados dos vales do Sinos e do Paranhana. As bases deste estudo estão calcadas na teroria da inovação sob a ótica da teoria da firma. Para alcance dos objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica buscando identificar o atual estágio das empresas europeias em comparação com as empresas brasileiras. Já o estudo de campo buscou identificar como se dá o processo de inovação nas micro e pequenas indústrias calçadistas dos Vales do Sinos e do Paranhana. Como instrumento de análise se utilizou a ferramenta do radar da inovação, objetivando identificar diferenças e similaridades entre a realidade europeia e a realidade das micro e pequenas empresas. A base deste estudo de campo surgiu da oportunidade de utilizar a pesquisa desenvolvida pela FAPERGS em conjunto com o SEBRAE, em que o autor autou como pesquisador. As evidências mostram que, para se destacar, em inovação seria necessário um equilíbrio entre todos os indicadores e que este seria um dos pontos fracos dos líderes em inovação do Cluster formado pelos Vales do Sinos e do Paranhana. / This scientific research discusses about the innovation economics, having as background the company’s modern economy, exploring empirical aspects of Europe and a case study about the innovation in micro and small footwear enterprises of Vale do Sinos and Vale do Paranhana. The basis of this study is grounded on the theory of innovation from the perspective of the theory of the firm. In order to reach the objectives, a bibliographical research was conducted, seeking to identify the current stage of European companies in comparison to Brazilian companies. On the other hand, the field work sought to identify how the process of innovation takes place in micro and small enterprises footwear of Vale do Sinos and Vale do Paranhana. As an analysis tool, the innovation radar was used, aiming at identifying similarities and differences between the European reality and the reality of micro and small enterprises. The basis of this field work arose from de opportunity to use the research developed by FAPERGS together with SEBRAE, in which the author acted as a researcher. The evidences show that, in order to excel in innovation, it would be necessary to have a balance between all indicators and that this would be one of the weaknesses of the leaders in innovation cluster formed by Vale do Sinos and Vale do Paranhana.

Este trabalho originou-se de pesquisas anteriores na área de gestão da melhoria, inovação e mudança empresarial. O desafio do projeto de doutorado seria o de desenvolver estratégias de implementação de ferramentas de melhoria para pequenas e médias empresas. Dessa forma, percebeu-se que o fenômeno de aglomeração regional entre empresas, clusters e redes de cooperação seria uma forma de potencializar o uso de tais métodos em pequenas e médias empresas e, com isso, possibilitar às pequenas e médias empresas acesso mais rápido à melhoria, inovação e competitividade. O objetivo do trabalho foi então definido como uma proposta de um modelo para gerenciar o desempenho em clusters e redes de cooperação de pequenas e médias empresas. Foi feita uma revisão do estado da arte sobre os temas gestão de desempenho organizacional e clusters e redes de cooperação. Estudos em nível mundial e europeu de gestão de clusters foram analisados e estudos de casos de clusters e redes de cooperação foram realizados no Brasil e na Alemanha. A Alemanha destaca-se atualmente no cenário europeu em função de seu programa de incentivo à inovação e competitividade para pequenas e médias empresas promovendo seus clusters e redes de cooperação, principalmente em campos de inovação e alta tecnologia. As análises da revisão de literatura, dos estudos de clusters e dos estudos de casos permitiram o desenvolvimento de um modelo de análise para gestão de desempenho em clusters e redes de cooperação que apresenta como principais elementos: a identificação de stakeholders-chave, a orientação estratégica e a definição de objetivos estratégicos, a implementação de ações e projetos conjuntos, a avaliação e medição de desempenho do cluster, e o estabelecimento de uma infra-estrutura de suporte ao processo de desenvolvimento da rede de cooperação e do cluster. Conclui-se, portanto que, embora seja difícil desenvolver um modelo totalmente adaptado às necessidades de diferentes clusters, esta proposta representa um modelo de análise que pode ser usado pelas iniciativas brasileiras de promoção de clusters e redes como o SEBRAE e a FIESP, por exemplo, no processo de promoção aos arranjos produtivos locais. Clusters de base tecnológica no Brasil também poderiam usar esse modelo de análise como auxílio para o desenvolvimento regional. / This work originated from previous works of research in the area of improvement, innovation and change management. The challenge of this doctorate project was the development of implementation strategies of improvement and innovation methods for small and medium-sized enterprises. The regional agglomeration phenomena between enterprises, i.e. clusters and regional cooperation networks are an expanding alternative to the use of such methods in small and medium-sized enterprises, giving them easier access to improvements, innovations and competitiveness. The objective of this work was defined, therefore, as a proposal of an analysis model to manage the performance in clusters and cooperation networks of small and medium-sized enterprises. Studies in worldwide and european level of cluster performance models were analyzed and case studies of clusters and cooperation networks were carried out in Brazil and Germany. Germany stands out in the european context because of its politics that stimulate innovation and competitiveness for small and medium-sized enterprises promoting its clusters and cooperation networks, mainly in fields of innovation and high technology. The analysis of the literature review, studies on cluster and case studies allowed the development of a model for performance management in clusters and cooperation networks. Such a model presents as main elements: key-stakeholders identification, definition of strategic view and key-objectives, implementation of joint actions and projects, evaluation and measurement of performance, and the establishment of a support infra-structure to the development process of a cluster or a cooperation network. As one of the main conclusions, it can be said that, although it is difficult to develop a model totally adapted to the needs of different clusters, this proposal represents an analysis model that can be used by the brazilian initiatives for promoting clusters and cooperation networks as carried out, for instance, by SEBRAE and FIESP in the cases of local productive systems. Technological based-clusters in Brazil could also use this analysis model as a framework for their regional development process.

A presente investigação científica discorre acerca da economia da inovação tendo como pano de fundo a moderna economia da empresa, explorando aspectos empíricos da Europa e um estudo de caso sobre a inovação nas micro e pequenas empresas de calçados dos vales do Sinos e do Paranhana. As bases deste estudo estão calcadas na teroria da inovação sob a ótica da teoria da firma. Para alcance dos objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica buscando identificar o atual estágio das empresas europeias em comparação com as empresas brasileiras. Já o estudo de campo buscou identificar como se dá o processo de inovação nas micro e pequenas indústrias calçadistas dos Vales do Sinos e do Paranhana. Como instrumento de análise se utilizou a ferramenta do radar da inovação, objetivando identificar diferenças e similaridades entre a realidade europeia e a realidade das micro e pequenas empresas. A base deste estudo de campo surgiu da oportunidade de utilizar a pesquisa desenvolvida pela FAPERGS em conjunto com o SEBRAE, em que o autor autou como pesquisador. As evidências mostram que, para se destacar, em inovação seria necessário um equilíbrio entre todos os indicadores e que este seria um dos pontos fracos dos líderes em inovação do Cluster formado pelos Vales do Sinos e do Paranhana. / This scientific research discusses about the innovation economics, having as background the company’s modern economy, exploring empirical aspects of Europe and a case study about the innovation in micro and small footwear enterprises of Vale do Sinos and Vale do Paranhana. The basis of this study is grounded on the theory of innovation from the perspective of the theory of the firm. In order to reach the objectives, a bibliographical research was conducted, seeking to identify the current stage of European companies in comparison to Brazilian companies. On the other hand, the field work sought to identify how the process of innovation takes place in micro and small enterprises footwear of Vale do Sinos and Vale do Paranhana. As an analysis tool, the innovation radar was used, aiming at identifying similarities and differences between the European reality and the reality of micro and small enterprises. The basis of this field work arose from de opportunity to use the research developed by FAPERGS together with SEBRAE, in which the author acted as a researcher. The evidences show that, in order to excel in innovation, it would be necessary to have a balance between all indicators and that this would be one of the weaknesses of the leaders in innovation cluster formed by Vale do Sinos and Vale do Paranhana.

O presente estudo visa analisar o contexto internacional na produção estratégica de insumos nucleares para a área da saúde e como o processo de crescente interação política entre os países influencia na tomada de decisão dos gestores dos sistemas nacionais de saúde, tendo em vista a importância de alcançarem maiores graus de autonomia frente aos oligopólios mundiais que dominam a produção de equipamentos para a saúde. Neste contexto, utilizou-se a abordagem teórica fornecida pelo estudo do Complexo Industrial em Saúde (GADELHA, 2003), que fornece elementos para discutir a interação entre o sistema de saúde e o sistema econômico-industrial, mostrando a dicotomia existente na relação entre ambos, que se exprime na deterioração do potencial de inovação do país e na vulnerabilidade externa da política de saúde. Para tanto, a escolha pela investigação do caso empírico de criação do Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro se deu pelo envolvimento de diferentes setores institucionais no processo e que influenciam diretamente na estruturação de um parque de alta densidade tecnológica e científica ligado à área da saúde que poderiam elevar o país a um patamar diferenciado em termos de cooperação internacional e estratégia geopolítica. Os métodos utilizados incluíram pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema e análise de dados secundários que circundam o processo de incorporação da tecnologia estudada / This study aims to analyze the international context in the production of strategic nuclear supplies to the health sector and how the process of increasing political interaction between countries influence in decision-making of managers of the national health systems, in view of the importance of achieving greater degrees of autonomy against the oligopolies that dominate the world production of equipment for health. In this context, the theoretical approach was provided by the study of the health Industrial complex (GADELHA, 2003), which provides elements to discuss the interaction between the health system and the economicindustrial system, showing the dichotomy that exists in the relationship between the two, which is expressed in the deterioration of the innovation potential of the country and in the external vulnerability of health policy. For both, the choice by the empirical case investigation of Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor took place by the involvement of different institutional sectors in the process and that influence directly in the structuring of a high scientific and technological density linked to healthcare that could elevate the country to a plateau in terms of international cooperation and geopolitical strategy. The methods used included bibliographical research and secondary data analysis that surround the process of incorporation of technology

A inovação em saúde é caracterizada por uma forte interação com o setor de ciência e tecnologia. O crescente interesse pela internacionalização das atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) conduz ao questionamento sobre as oportunidades em função das interações com outros países, como mecanismo para a construção de capacidades nacionais de inovação. Conforme os ensaios clínicos atravessaram as fronteiras nacionais, alcançando uma expressão global, as redes de relações entre os atores envolvidos torna-ram-se cada vez mais complexas e apresentam-se como uma possibilidade para a carac-terização da interação dos sistemas nacionais de inovação no plano global, particular-mente a partir do ponto de vista da produção de atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação em saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a expansão global de ensaios clíni-cos a fim de se mapear os possíveis padrões de conexão entre os países participantes, especificamente identificando a inserção do Brasil. Os métodos empregados incluíram pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de dados secundários, análise de redes sociais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores relacionados com a condução de ensaios clínicos no Brasil. Constata-se uma crescente interdependência dos sistemas nacionais de inovação, reque-rendo novas estruturas internacionais de inovação. Surgem novas oportunidades para a produção e a difusão internacional do conhecimento. Os ensaios clínicos promovem e requerem a interação entre empresas, universidades e instâncias governamentais, revelando-se como um elemento estratégico para a estruturação dos sistemas nacionais de inovação em saúde / Health innovation has been characterized by strong interaction with the science and technology sector. The growing interest in the internationalization of Research and Develop-ment (R&D) activities leads to a reflection on opportunities, in relation to connections among countries, as a mechanism for building national innovation capacities. Clinical trials have crossed national boundaries. As a result, the networks between the actors in-volved have become increasingly complex. That could be a possibility for characterizing the interaction of national innovation systems at the global level, particularly from the production of Science, Technology and Innovations activities in the health sector. The aim of this study was to assess the global expansion of clinical trials in order to map possible patterns of interaction among participating countries. The methods used included bibliographic research, secondary data analysis, social network analysis and semi-structured interviews with actors related to the conduction of clinical trials in Brazil. A growing interdependence of national innovation systems is based on new international inno-vation structures. New opportunities for the international diffusion of knowledge and production has been created. Clinical trials promote and require connections among firms, universities and government. Therefore, they represent a strategic element for national health innovation systems structuration

Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento e aplicação de um instrumento de gestão dos fatores indicadores de sustentabilidade de centros de telemedicina e telessaúde. Com base em referencial teórico da administração e na experiência profissional da pesquisadora foram elencadas inicialmente 36 perguntas, categorizadas em 7 áreas de domínio, para avaliação de concordância com 04 pessoas com experiência em telemedicina. As categorias de domínio foram: Institucional, Relacional, Funcional, Econômico-Financeira, Renovação, Técnica-Científica e Bem-Estar Social, que compuseram o roteiro semiestruturado para entrevistas qualitativas individuais de avaliação de desempenho com 10 centros de telemedicina e telessaúde brasileiros, originários das regiões sul, sudeste, norte, nordeste e centro-oeste. As entrevistas foram realizadas em dois momentos distintos, com um intervalo de tempo em torno de 12 meses. Em ambos os momentos foi aplicado o mesmo roteiro aos mesmos entrevistados com o ano de 2007 como períodos de referência de avaliação. As respostas das perguntas de cada centro foram convertidas em valores numéricos. Depois foram apresentados graficamente em forma de um polígono, que tinham morfologia e área própria. Não foi possível comparar os polígonos de um centro com outro. Foi feita a avaliação das diferenças das pontuações das categorias de perguntas entre as 2 entrevistas. Verificou-se que as pontuações nas avaliações feitas na 2ª entrevista foram menores que as da primeira. A esta diferença, foi denominada de fator de ajuste, e foi associado como decorrente da experiência e maturidade adquiridas pelos entrevistados ao longo do tempo. O instrumento foi aplicado para avaliar retrospectivamente a evolução de um centro ao longo de 10 anos de atividades, em cortes bianuais de 1998 a 2008. Essa aplicação do instrumento gerou morfologias e áreas de ocupação do polígono com coerência evolutiva dos traçados. Para completar o monitoramento deste centro foram levantados os acontecimentos relevantes de cada período, o que mostrou a existência de sincronia dos fatos com os indicadores numéricos. Esse procedimento possibilitou verificar que o instrumento desenvolvido foi útil quando aplicado numa mesma instituição ao longo de um período de tempo. O trabalho mostrou que foi possível criar um instrumento que representasse graficamente as 7 categorias de sustentabilidade, e que quando utilizado numa mesma instituição ao longo do tempo, permitiu acompanhar o processo de gestão, principalmente quando complementados com fatos relevantes. Quando utilizado para avaliar o momento atual, foi mostrado a necessidade de uma contra-checagem num período posterior, para evitar falhas de avaliação (fator de ajuste). Quando aplicado com sistemática para levantamento e identificação das características específicas do CTMS, este instrumento pode ser utilizado para fins de desenvolvimento organizacional dos CTMS. / This study is about the development and application of an instrument for the management of indicative factors of the sustainability of the telemedicine and telehealth centers (TMHC). Based on different theoretical sources of data and the professional experience of the researcher, some questions regarding the determinant factors of sustainability of TMHC were elaborated, categorized into 7 groups and submitted to four other telemedicine experts for evaluation. The seven categories were: Institutional, Relational, Functional, Financial, Renovation, Tech-Scientific and Social Welfare, all part of the semi-structured question script to be used as an instrument to carry out individual interviews with the coordinators of ten Brazilian telemedicine and telehealth centers. The interviews were done in two distinct moments at interval of 12 months. The interviews were conducted to the same group of ten people individually to evaluate the year 2007 as reference. The answers were converted into numbers and from numbers in graph form of a polygon. Each TMHC had its own graphic. It was not possible to make any comparison between the TMHC graphics because of the differences of economics, culture and services provided by the different TMHC. In order to analyze the collected data in a different perspective, it was made a comparison of the data collected in the first interview (group a) with the data collected in the second interview (group b). It was verified that the scores of the second evaluation were lower, considered to be under an adjustment factor. This adjustment was associated to the larger experience and maturity the coordinators achieved as time passed by. The instrument was also applied to a 10-year TMHC. Its coordinator answered the same questions taking 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008 as the years of evaluation. All the answers were converted into numbers and from numbers to graphics. The 10-year morphologies and relative graphic areas were compared, and . an evolutionary tendency was noticed. To complete the monitoring of this TMHC, the relevant facts over the period of evaluation were registered, which demonstrated a synchronicity with the found sustainability indicators. The study showed that it was possible to develop an instrument that depicted in graph form, the seven categories of sustainability of a TMHC and it was useful to monitor the management process, especially when used in the same institution for a long period of time, and complemented with relevant facts to support the numerical indicators. When used to evaluate the present moment, it was clear that a second evaluation in a later period is necessary, in order to avoid misinterpretation (adjustment factor). When systematically applied, it can also be of utility to identify the specific characteristics of the TMHC in order to support its organizational development.

Problem, Lean är en arbetsmetod som blir allt vanligare inom offentliga förvaltning eftersom det förväntas effektivisera verksamheten. Ett krav som allt fler organisationer behöver ta ställning till.Inom akademiska kretsar diskuteras leans effektivitet samt vad som egentligen ingår i begreppet. Trafikverket har implementerat lean som arbetsmetod inom en specifik del av organisationen, vilken berör Trafikingenjörer från sex olika regioner. Syftet är att effektivisera fyra olika arbetsgruppers ärendehantering. En tidigare kvantitativ undersökning har visat att upplevelsen av lean och av dess implementering varierar i de olika regionerna. Den här studien fokuserar på att ta reda på varför. Syfte, Syftet med studien är att utvärdera Trafikverkets leanimplementeringsarbete och söka svar på varför de olika regionerna har tagit till sig arbetssättet i olika hög grad samt varför attityderna till lean skiljer sig åt mellan de olika regionerna. Metod, Studiens mål är att undersöka de bakomliggande orsakerna till att attityderna kring lean skiljer sig åt mellan de olika regionerna. Därför utgick studien från en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer utfördes i gruppform med Trafikingenjörerna för att få en mer regionsspecifik bild av problematiken. Sedan utfördes även informantintervjuer med leanimplementeringsansvariga i varje region. Som grund för de slutsatser som presenteras i studien ligger dessa intervjuer samt en tvärvetenskaplig genomgång av tidigare forskning inom områdena; innovation, lean, förändringsteori samt organisationskultur. Slutsats, Organisationsförändring är ett ämne som ofta behandlas mekaniskt, men vid en verklig förändring måste det finnas förståelse för de komplexa system som verkar inom organisationen. En förändring kommer att gripa in i och ändra förutsättningarna för fler medarbetare än de direkt berörda, vilket påverkar hela organisationen. Lean som arbetsmetod är mer än ett antal verktyg, det är en övergripande filosofi som Trafikverket behöver förstå och göra till sin om de ska lyckas med sitt leanarbete. Attityderna kring lean beror på ett antal olika faktorer. De regioner som upplever att de tidigare hart haft problem och som med lean har upplevt en förbättring är mer positiva till lean som arbetsmetod. De upplever också att de har fått större inflytande över sitt arbete och att de har möjlighet att påtala sådant de anser behöver förändras. Dessa regioner ger uttryck för att kommunikationen i implementeringsfasen har varit tydlig och korrekt. De regioner som ställt sig negativa till lean som arbetsmetod upplever istället att de tidigare inte haft några problem med sitt tidigare arbetssätt. De upplever även att lean inneburit en låsning av arbetet där de tidigare kunnat komma med egna initiativ och att de nu måste anpassa sig till arbetsmetoder som inte är framtagna för den specifika regionens behov. Kommunikationen har upplevts otydlig, eller obefintlig. I vissa fall har attityderna gentemot lean direkt påverkats av ryktesspridning som uppstått i avsaknad av tydlig information. / Problem, Lean is a working method that has become more common in the public sector as it is expected to streamline everyday operations. A demand that more organizations need to consider. Within academic circles the efficiency of Lean is discussed, but also what is actually included in the concept of lean. The Swedish Transport Administration has implement lean as working method within a specific part of the organization, consisting of Traffic Engineers from six different regions. The aim is to streamline four different case management teams in their work. A previous quantitative survey has shown that the experience of lean and lean implementation varies in the different regions. This study focuses on finding out why. Purpose, The purpose of the study is to evaluate the Swedish Transport Administrations lean implementation and seek answers for why the regions have embraced the approach to different degrees, and why attitudes to lean differ between the regions. Method, The study's objective was to examine the underlying causes of why the attitudes towards lean differ among the different regions. Therefore, the study was based on a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. These interviews were conducted in groups with traffic engineers to get a more region-specific overview of the problem. Interviews were also also conducted with the lean implementation managers in each region. The basis for the conclusions presented in this study are these interviews and an interdisciplinary review of previous research in the areas of: Innovation, Lean, Theory of Change and Organizational Culture. Conclusion, Organizational Change is a subject that is often treated mechanically, but with an organizational change, there must be an understanding of the complex systems that function within the organization. A change will engage and change the conditions for more employees than those directly involved, which affects the entire organization.Lean as a work method is more than a number of tools. There is an overarching philosophy that the Transport Administration needs to understand and make their own if they are to succeed in their lean work. Attitudes about lean depends on several factors. The regions experiencing that they previously had problems and that with lean have experienced an improvement is more in favor of lean as a working method. They also feel they have more influence on their work and that they are able to point out what they think needs to change. These regions give expression that communication in the implementation phase has been clear and correct. The regions who has taken a negative view to lean expresses that they have not had any problems with its previous approach. They also feel that lean mean a locking of the work where they used to be able to come up with their own initiatives and that they must now adapt to working methods that are not designed for the their specific needs. Communication has been experienced vague or nonexistent. In some cases, the attitudes towards lean have been directly affected by the spread of rumors that have arisen in the absence of clear information.

Abstract The infrastructure and construction industry has for decades suffered from problems such as cost overruns, delays, disputes and low productivity. To transform old adversarial practices and industrial culture into more collaborative and innovative ways of working, new operational models for project delivery have been introduced. A project alliance is among the models developed to improve infrastructure and construction project performance by addressing problems of fragmentation and lack of integration. However, the growing body of conceptual and empirical research on project alliances within the field of project management does not include any in-depth investigation of the capability requirements and relevant processes for managing alliance projects. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the project alliance literature within the field of project management by exploring the capabilities needed by an inter-organizational alliance project organization and participating organizations to manage project alliances in the infrastructure and construction context. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing the case study method and in-depth interviews as research methods. The empirical results, which relate to the first project alliances in the Finnish infrastructure and construction industry, highlight the importance of the alliance project organization’s collective capabilities for managing project alliances. Among these capabilities, inter-organizational integration management, collaborative project identity formation and opportunity management are of particular importance. In addition, each participating organization requires specific project alliance capability, which comprises both the ability to implement key activities over the project life cycle and the skills required by project-based organizations and participating individuals. Together, these organizational and project network-level capabilities form the basis for managing such projects. / Tiivistelmä Infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusteollisuus on kärsinyt kustannusten ylityksistä, myöhästymisistä, erimielisyyksistä ja heikosta tuottavuudesta jo kymmenien vuosien ajan. Jotta vanhat, vastakkainasetteluun perustuvat käytännöt ja toimintakulttuuri voitaisiin muuttaa, uusia projektien toteutusmalleja on otettu käyttöön. Projektiallianssi on yksi yhteistoiminnallisista malleista, joka on kehitetty vähentämään toimialan sirpaloitumista ja edistämään integroitumista tavoitteena infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusalan projektien suorituskyvyn parantaminen. Lisääntyvästä konseptuaalisesta ja empiirisestä tutkimuksesta huolimatta, projektiallianssiin kohdistuva tutkimus ei ole tarkastellut organisaatioiden kyvykkyysvaatimuksia ja keskeisimpiä allianssin johtamiseen liittyviä prosesseja riittävän syvällisesti. Väitöskirjan tavoite on edistää projektiallianssin tutkimusta tuottamalla uutta tieto allianssihankkeisiin osallistuvien organisaatioiden kyvykkyysvaatimuksista sekä yhteisistä kyvykkyyksistä, joita projektiorganisaatio tarvitsee allianssiprojektin hallintaan infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusalalla. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena tapaus- ja haastattelututkimuksena. Suomen ensimmäisistä infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusalan allianssihankkeista saadut empiiriset tulokset korostavat allianssiprojektiorganisaation yhteisten kyvykkyyksien merkitystä. Kyvykkyysvaatimukset kohdistuvat erityisesti organisaatioiden välisen integraation johtamiseen, yhteistyötä korostavan projekti-identiteetin muodostamiseen ja mahdollisuuksien hallintaan allianssiprojektissa. Näiden yhteisten kyvykkyyksien lisäksi jokainen organisaatio tarvitsee projektiallianssikyvykkyyden, joka koostuu allianssihankkeiden käynnistämiseen ja hallintaan tarvittavista taidoista ja kyvystä toteuttaa eri elinkaaren vaiheen kannalta keskeisiä toimintoja. Hankkeeseen osallistuvan organisaation projektiallianssikyvykkyys ja yhteiset projektiverkoston kyvykkyydet luovat perustan allianssihankkeen hallinnalle.

摘要 本研究採問卷調查法，針對雙北(臺北市、新北市)高級中學教師就校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群與學校創新經營之關係進行探討。寄發 650位教師樣本，回收問卷491份，回收率為 75.54%。有效問卷 461 份，有效問卷回收率為 71 %。首先以平均數、標準差等來描述雙北高級中學校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群與學校創新經營的現況；另以平均數差異考驗(t-test)和單因子變異數分析(One-Way ANOVA)來檢定不同背景變項的雙北高級中學校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群與學校創新經營之知覺反應差異情形；再以Pearson 積差相關檢視其相關性；最後再採逐步多元迴歸分析法，考驗校長正向領導與教師專業學習社群之各分層面對學校創新經營的預測力。最後，將研究發現，提出建議，以供未來相關研究作參考。 壹、高級中學校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群及學校創新經營之現況 貳、不同背景變項在校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群及學校創新經營之差異情形 参、校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群及教師教學創新呈現正相關情形 肆、校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群對學校創新經營具有預測作用，以「分享教學實務」層面的預測力最佳 一、學校創新經營「行政管理創新」層面四個變項的聯合預測力達65.5% 二、學校創新經營「課程教學創新」層面四個變項的聯合預測力達67.3% 三、學校創新經營「學生活動創新」層面三個變項的聯合預測力達64.7% 四、學校創新經營「資源運用創新」層面五個變項的聯合預測力達68.1% 五、學校創新經營「校園環境創新」層面四個變項的聯合預測力達62.1% 六、學校創新經營整體層面五個變項的聯合預測力達80% 根據研究發現，本節將依據主要研究發現及結論，提出具體建議，以供教育行政機關及學校行政單位、高中教育相關人員及後續研究參考。 關鍵詞：校長正向領導、教師專業學習社群、學校創新經營 / Abstract In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the relationship among the positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management in high school teachers of Taipei City and New Taipei City. 650 samples were sent and 491 samples were collected. The recovery rate was 75.54%. There was a total of 461 valid questionnaires and a valid response rate of 71%. First, using the average, standard deviation and etc. to describe the current status of positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management in high schools of Taipei City and New Taipei City; second, use t-test and One-Way ANOVA to examine the perceptual response differences among positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management in the high schools of the two cities with background variables; then, use Pearson product difference to review the correlations; last, with multiple stepwise regression analysis to test the predictability of positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management. Finally, the study results will make recommendations for future reference. I. The current perceptual situation of positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management in high schools is in good condition. II. Different background variables are found in positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management III. The positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management show a positive correlation IV. The positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers and school innovation management have a predictive effect, the level of “sharing teaching practice” has the highest predictability. 1. A level of four variables in school innovation management “Administrative Management Innovation” has reached a predictability of 65.5%. 2. A level of four variables in school innovation management “Curriculum Instruction Innovation” has reached a predictability of 67.3%. 3. A level of three variables in school innovation management “Student Activities Innovation” has reached a predictability of 64.7%. 4. A level of five variables in school innovation management “Resource Utilization Innovation” has reached a predictability of 68.1%. 5. A level of four variables in school innovation management “Campus Environment Innovation” has reached a predictability of 62.1%. 6. A total of five variables in school innovation management has reached a predictability of 80%. According to research study, it is hoped that the findings of this study can lead to substantial suggestions for the reference of educational administration, school administrative unit, high school personnel and further studies. Keywords: positive leadership of principals, professional learning community of teachers, school innovation management

Le Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques constitue l’un des centres de compétences technologiques des Industries Mécaniques. Sa problématique est de déterminer le processus de management de la technologie nécessaire à sa mission d’appui à l’innovation.Après avoir caractérisé la mécanique dans une approche méso-économique, nous proposons un modèle d'activités du Centre de Compétences Technologiques, illustré par le modèle du Cetim. Sur cette base, le management de l'innovation est analysé comme la formalisation opérationnelle de la mission d’appui à l’innovation technologique du territoire technologique et géographique du Centre de Compétences Technologiques, à partir de l'outillage et des processus du management de la technologie.Le processus conduisant de l’idée au produit est décrit par 3 étapes : la formalisation de l’idée à l’objet, la faisabilité de l’idée vis-à-vis d’une première cible de marché et l’industrialisation. Ce modèle séquentiel a été complété par une modélisation globale reliant la stratégie avec la mise en oeuvre des projets d’innovation qui la concrétisent.Le processus de R&D comporte 4 étapes d’un cycle itératif : marketing technologique, gestion du portefeuille technologique, production de R&D et valorisation. Des indicateurs permettent d’évaluer les performances sur les 4 axes du modèle d’activités en s’appuyant sur la codification des projets d’innovation. Cette dernière peut être aussi utilisée pour suivre les évolutions du coeur de compétence. / The Technical Centre of Mechanical Engineering is one of the centres of technological competence in the Mechanical Industry. Its objective is to identify the process of management of the technology needed for its activity in innovation support.After having characterised mechanical industry in a meso economic approach, we propose a model of activity of the technological competence centre, illustrated by the Cetim example. On this basis, innovation management is analysed as a formalised operational process of the innovation support activity in the geographical and technological territory of the technological competence centre, using tools and processes of technology management.The process from idea to finished product is split into 3 steps: idea to object conception, feasibility regarding a first market target and industrialisation. This sequential model was completed by a global model which linked strategy to the implementation of an innovated project.R&D process is composed of 4 steps of a repeated cycle: technological marketing, management of the project portfolio, R&D production and enhanced value. Indicators help in evaluating performance on the 4 axes of the activity model using codification of innovation projects in the information system. This can be also used to follow core competence evolution.