Wong Wai-Ting Jacqueline. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-120). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Government to Government (G2G) partnerships between countries in the BRICS partnerships have significantly increased and with it, the need for more effective strategic management and operational coordination but also for evidence-based decision-making. In this process, improved KM, as well as M&E of outcomes and impacts has become prominent and essential requirements for evidence-based decision-making. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) emphasise the need for a global partnership for development with a focus on a new development paradigm that emphasise results, partnership, coordination, and accountability (Picciotto, 2002:3). Subsequently, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development further strengthened the importance of the global partnership in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), recognises that the implementation of the SDGs is a challenge for governments and therefore seeks to strengthen the global partnership by calling upon all stakeholders to take part in implementing the SDGs. In this context, the study investigated the need for knowledge management (KM) as well as Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) systems in G2G partnerships such as the partnership of Shandong China (PRC) and the Western Cape Government (WCG) in South Africa. This study focused on the sport management aspects of such a partnership, although such systems may also be relevant to economic, tourism and other partnerships programmes. The research investigation focused on the relevance of KM and M&E systems in sport management on G2G partnerships, as well as the possible benefits of such systems. Readiness Assessments for the establishment of KM and M&E systems were conducted with respect to the Shandong -Western Cape Government (WCG) in PRC and South Africa. The research methodology consisted of a qualitative approach and a case study was developed of the Sport Exchange Programme (SEP) as a component of the partnership between Shandong PRC and Western Cape Government (WCG) South Africa. The research included a desktop study of primary documentation including the formal agreements, Memorandum of understanding (MoU), regulations and programme annual reports, semi-structured interviews with officials and public sector managers of both governments in PRC and South Africa, as well as focus group discussion, interviews with specialists and experts were also conducted.

O conhecimento é visto por muitos como o principal ativo das organizações na atualidade. Entre as empresas que primeiro tiveram essa percepção e se lançaram ao desenvolvimento e uso de práticas de gestão do conhecimento estão as empresas de consultoria. Essas empresas, genericamente designadas como empresas de serviços profissionais, além do pioneirismo na gestão do conhecimento, enfrentam uma série de mudanças internas e externas, da mesma forma que muitas das demais empresas de serviços profissionais. O tema desta tese explora a intersecção dos dois temas: discutindo aspectos da gestão do conhecimento em empresas de consultoria. O ponto de partida escolhido é o modelo estratégia - aprendizagem - competências. Em poucas palavras, o modelo advoga que as estratégias da organização moldam as suas competências, que por sua vez guiam as suas escolhas estratégicas. O vínculo é estabelecido através da capacidade de aprendizagem que a organização possui. Tomando esse argumento, este trabalho elabora sua discussão em dois estágios. No primeiro parte-se de uma proposição encontrada na literatura que argumenta que a estratégia de produto/mercado de uma organização guia sua estratégia de gestão do conhecimento. Essa proposição é analisada à luz de um estudo qualitativo em sete empresas de consultoria. Dado o apoio limitado que se encontrou, desenvolveu-se um segundo estágio de pesquisa, com o desenvolvimento de um quadro de análise mais abrangente para se entender o uso dos processos de gestão do conhecimento. Esse quadro foi avaliado através de um segundo estudo qualitativo em três grandes empresas de consultoria, que usa entrevistas com 29 profissionais de escritórios localizados em dois países. Os resultados indicam que as competências existentes na organização são tão influentes no uso de práticas de gestão do conhecimento quanto suas escolhas estratégicas. / Knowledge management has received much attention in the last few years, as knowledge is increasingly seen as the core asset to organizations. Consulting firms are among the leading organizations in the development and use of knowledge management processes and systems. At the same time, those firms, broadly classified as professional service firms (PSF), are, as most of the PSF, undergoing several and deep changes. This dissertation places itself in the intersection of these two fields of research, analysing knowledge management processes in consulting firms. The study\'s starting point is the strategy-learning-competence model, which proposes that an organization strategic choices shape its competencies, as well as its competencies guide its strategy formulation processes, closing a self-reinforcing cycle. As the driving force that makes the cycle to be closed, stand the learning capabilities of the organization. Thus, learning links strategy to competencies. Drawing on this argument, this dissertation engages itself in a two-stage study. In the first, it takes one proposition found in the literature that claims that a firm\'s market strategy shapes its knowledge management processes. Using a qualitative study, it investigates the proposition on seven consulting firms. Since the linkage is found not to be not as strong as claimed, a second stage unfolds, developing a more comprehensive framework to explain the use of knowledge management practices. Theframework is used in a second qualitative study within three consulting firms that gathers data from 29 interviews with consultants from two countries. Results indicate that firm\'s existing competencies are as strong as market strategy in shaping knowledge management practices.

It is a truism that the amount of information being generated in the modern digital world is increasing at an exponential rate. This is influencing engineering as it is in other forms of business, as well as everyday life. Engineering has a significant visual dimension to it: drawings, diagrams, sketches, photographs, graphs are the everyday language of the engineer. Despite the prevalence of such visual information, the role that such information plays and how it affects, for example, how documents can be reused is an under-researched area. This thesis thus proposes the important role of visual representations and images for supporting informed decisions, in particular for complex domains such as Engineering Design. The particular context for this research is associated with in-service design knowledge and information requirements. The increasing number of actual products in-service, the requirement to create safe design solutions quickly, the amassment of service data and the importance of product services to organisational competitiveness are all increasing the information pressures upon Design teams. The pervasive nature of visual representations in Engineering Design and prevalent document information suggests that they are an important asset within document information resources. This research focusses upon the purpose of Engineering Design image utilisation for information processing, and hence supporting efficient decision making. Some of the additional challenges identified throughout this research are the immaturity of current image recognition technologies and thus limitations of automated media extraction tools for supporting Design Engineers. This is significantly contributed to by the complexity of the information media and formats that constitute design engineering information and the current knowledge management trend to capture information without clear “reuse” purpose. The methods used to conduct this research demonstrate the merits of underused techniques in design engineering such as storyboarding. This storyboarding method is used for investigating the facets of tacit knowledge and the underpinning cognitive processing of document information resources for critical Design Engineering informative content. The innovative research method developed provides a useful framework for the collection of rich data using simulated tasks. The data collection is a rich multi-stream recording of design engineers in industry conducting work based scenarios. In particular the focus is upon conducting efficient research in industrial working practices with minimal facing research time with design engineers and the rich data that can be collected from them in situ. This thesis illustrates that there are a number of pressing difficulties in reusing image media, both technical process related in nature. This is currently limiting the usefulness of valuable information resources in practice, but also significantly raises the information burden for design engineer. This thesis has attributed the value of reusing visual representations due to their important role in design engineering decisions. It has provided evidence of the intuitive and important human need for visual information to provide mental stimulation in particular for making confident design decisions. The storyboard research method has outlined an industrial data collection and decision coding framework that is reproducible and can be used to better understand human information processing, and thus supports the development of document information systems. Additional rich information utilisation patterns for design engineering document information have also been evidenced in the empirical research results provided. This thesis also provides practical industrial examples to suggest techniques that could overcome the current technological shortfalls limiting the “reuse” of visual information in documents for Design Engineers.

Engineering design involves a series of activities to handle data, including capturing and storing data, retrieval and manipulation of data. This also applies throughout the entire product lifecycle (PLC). Unfortunately, a closed loop of knowledge and information management system has not been implemented for the PLC. As part of product lifecycle management (PLM) approaches, computer-aided design (CAD) systems are extensively used from embodiment and detail design stages in mechanical engineering. However, current CAD systems lack the ability to handle semantically-rich information, thus to represent, manage and use knowledge among multidisciplinary engineers, and to integrate various tools/services with distributed data and knowledge. To address these challenges, a general-purpose semantic annotation approach based on CAD systems in the mechanical engineering domain is proposed, which contributes to knowledge management and reuse, data interoperability and tool integration. In present-day PLM systems, annotation approaches are currently embedded in software applications and use diverse data and anchor representations, making them static, inflexible and difficult to incorporate with external systems. This research will argue that it is possible to take a generalised approach to annotation with formal annotation content structures and anchoring mechanisms described using general-purpose ontologies. In this way viewpoint-oriented annotation may readily be captured, represented and incorporated into PLM systems together with existing annotations in a common framework, and the knowledge collected or generated from multiple engineering viewpoints may be reasoned with to derive additional knowledge to enable downstream processes. Therefore, knowledge can be propagated and evolved through the PLC. Within this framework, a knowledge modelling methodology has also been proposed for developing knowledge models in various situations. In addition, a prototype system has been designed and developed in order to evaluate the core contributions of this proposed concept. According to an evaluation plan, cost estimation and finite element analysis as case studies have been used to validate the usefulness, feasibility and generality of the proposed framework. Discussion has been carried out based on this evaluation. As a conclusion, the presented research work has met the original aim and objectives, and can be improved further. At the end, some research directions have been suggested.

Converting individual knowledge into organizational knowledge can be difficult because individuals refuse to share knowledge for a number of different reasons. Creating an atmosphere of fairness plays an important role in the creation of a knowledge-sharing climate. This dissertation proposes that perceptions of organizational justice are crucial building blocks of that environment, leading to knowledge sharing. Data was collected using a field survey of IT managers representing a broad spectrum of the population in terms of organizational size and industry classification. The survey instrument was developed based on the adaptation of previously validated scales in addition to new items where no existing measures were found. Hypotheses regarding the influence of distributional, procedural, and interactional justice on knowledge sharing processes were tested using structural equation modeling techniques. Based on the theory of reasoned action, which states that attitudes and subjective norms are the major determinants of a person's intention, the hypotheses examining the relationship between attitude toward knowledge sharing, subjective norm and the intention to share knowledge were supported. However, results did not support the hypothesis exploring the relationship between the organizational climate and the intention to share knowledge. The results show that all three types of justice constructs are statistically significant antecedents of organizational climate and interactional justice is an antecedent of an attitude toward knowledge sharing. The study attempts to merge streams of research from sociology and organizational behavior by investigating organizational justice and knowledge management. It contributes to theory by the development of the survey instrument, comprised of seven constructs that were developed by incorporating multiple theories to address various aspects of knowledge sharing and provide application to practice and research. It is relevant to IT managers who need to know how to design information systems that are most effective in distributing knowledge throughout organizations.

The prevalence of rainbow flags and rainbow shelves, shelves with LGBTQ literature, makes one wonder if it is a sign of a seemingly ubiquitus LGBTQ-knowledge among librarians at public libraries. My thesis is a theme-based analysis using knowledge management as theory with the aim to capture how libraries mangage their LGBTQ-knowledge and why they do it in these certain ways. After categorizing the data according to the SECI-model I found that a certain way of managing knowledge is used in excess by the librarians I interviewed. The SECI-model describes it as ´socialisation´ which means to use tacit knowledge and creating new tacit knowledge. In my analysis of why that is the case it becomes apparent that the managing of LGBTQ-knowledge is a responsibility taken by individual librarians with interest in the LGBTQ-question. With what seems to be insufficient support by the management it is up to the individuals to manage LGBTQ-knowledge through ´socialization´ which is a fast and effective way of transferring knowledge.

Bakgrund: Att kunskap blivit en central och viktig del av nutidens arbetsmarknad och näringsliv är något som de flesta människor är överens om. Även allt fler företag belyser vikten av att använda den kunskap och kompetens som finns hos de anställda och ser denna kunskap som en av de viktigaste tillgångarna. Vi tänker att chefen har stora möjligheter till att påverka hur företagen tar tillvara på de anställdas kunskap. Samtidigt som vi anser att den typ av ledarskap som chefen använder kan ha en stor inverkan på hur detta sker. Vi ser vårt val av problemområde som intressant och aktuellt i och med dagens utveckling och det ökade behovet av att ta tillvara på den mänskliga kunskapen.Syfte: Syftet med den här undersökningen är att få en bild av chefers syn på ledarskapets roll för att främja de anställdas kunskap i en verksamhet och hur cheferna arbetar konkret för att ta tillvara på kunskapen hos de anställda.Metod: Vi har valt att göra en kvalitativ undersökning i form av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med manliga och kvinnliga chefer inom privat och offentlig sektor.Resultat: De mönster vi kan urskilja är att flertalet av cheferna var överens om att en demokratisk ledarskapsstil är den bästa för att ta tillvara på de anställdas kunskap. Något cheferna var eniga om var vikten av att ta tillvara på de anställdas kunskap. Cheferna påminde om varandra i sina svar och vi kunde inte urskilja någon skillnad mellan könen. Ett till mönster vi kan tyda är att alla chefer påverkas väldigt mycket av policys och riktlinjer och har en positiv inställning till det. Hur de arbetar i praktiken för att ta tillvara på de anställdas kunskap var genom medarbetarsamtal och utvärderingar, samt att cheferna låter de anställda utmanas och pröva på egen hand. / <p>Background: That knowledge has become a central and important part of today's market and economy is something that most people agree with. While more and more companies highlights the importance of using the knowledge and expertise of the employees and see this knowledge as one of the most important assets. We think the manager has great potential to influence how companies take advantage of the employee's knowledge. While we believe that the kind of leadership that the manager uses can have a big impact on how this happens. We consider our choice of problem area interesting and up to date with today's development and the increasing need to take advantage of human knowledge.</p><p>Purpose:</p><p>The purpose of this survey is to get a picture of managers' views on the role of leadership in promoting the employees' knowledge in an organization and how managers working specifically to take advantage of the knowledge of the employees.</p><p>Method: </p><p>We have chosen to do a qualitative study in the form of seven semi-structured interviews with male and female executives from various industries in the private and public sectors.</p><p>Results:</p><p>The patterns we can draw are that the majority of managers were in agreement that a democratic leadership style is the best to take advantage of the employee's knowledge. Something managers agreed was the need to take advantage of the employee's knowledge. The managers reminded each other in their responses and we could not discern any difference between the sexes. Another pattern we can discern is that all managers is very much affected by the policies and guidelines and have a positive attitude towards it. How they work in practice to take advantage of the employee's knowledge was through performance reviews and evaluations, and that the managers let the employees challenged and try on their own.</p><p>Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället</p>

A research review shedding light over organizational cultureand its affect on knowledge sharing. The purpose of thereview was to give an overview of the current researchmeanwhile answering the research questions how and whyorganizational culture influences knowledge sharing.Through careful selection of articles, from Journal ofKnowledge Management, a review of the material led toareas of emphasis being identified: motivation, trust,organizational structure, management, communication andrewards. For each area of emphasis the results from thechosen articles were presented and analyzed, leading toconclusions that the how and why of organizational culture’sinfluence is due to mainly individual motivational factorsamongst staff. This implies that organizations need to keepfocus on the psychological factors affected by organizationalculture when looking to make knowledge sharing moreefficient. Future research is advised to continue looking in tosocial aspects of knowledge sharing and organizationalculture, amongst other things. / Program: Magisterutbildning i strategisk information och kommunikation

O conhecimento tem adquirido significativa importância junto às organizações de um modo geral, principalmente por haver se tornado um dos principais fatores de geração de riqueza e valor. Esse papel assumido pelo conhecimento tem contribuído para se verificar uma questão que tem sido cada vez mais freqüente no atual mundo corporativo, no que diz respeito à existência de uma expressiva diferença entre o valor de mercado e o valor dos ativos de uma organização. Diante de tal contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de mensuração da gestão do conhecimento e de suas iniciativas, junto aos resultados de uma organização. Para tanto, o desenvolvimento deste modelo considerou diferentes focos de análise, dentre os quais é possível se destacar o econômico-financeiro, o de recursos humanos, o estratégico e o de eficiência operacional. Esta pesquisa considera, inicialmente, a apresentação dos conceitos e modelos já existentes, voltados para mensurar a contribuição da gestão do conhecimento nos resultados de uma empresa. O trabalho contempla o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa-ação em uma organização que atua no mercado brasileiro, onde foi estruturado e implantado um modelo de mensuração da contribuição das iniciativas voltadas para a gestão do conhecimento junto aos seus indicadores. Posteriormente, é realizada uma pesquisa survey junto às empresas que atuam no mercado nacional, por meio da qual foi possível verificar a existência de um alinhamento entre o modelo de mensuração desenvolvido e os benefícios obtidos, a partir da gestão do conhecimento em uma organização. Diante disso, a maior contribuição deste trabalho está relacionada com a efetiva possibilidade de se mensurar a contribuição que a gestão do conhecimento pode proporcionar para uma organização, permitindo avaliar o valor que a mesma tem sob diferentes perspectivas de análise. / Presently knowledge has acquired relevant importance to the organizations, principally because it has become one of the most important factors that can generate richness and value for them. This role assumed by knowledge has contributed to clarify an essential question that has been asked frequently by many companies, related to the existence of differences between their market value and the value due to their physical assets. According to this context, the aim of this research is to develop a knowledge management measurement model, and of initiatives based on knowledge, that can impact the organization\'s results. To reach this objective, the development of this model has to consider different point of views, which ones that can be evidenced are related to the economic and finance, human resources, strategic and operational efficiency analysis. Firstly, this research considered the presentation of some concepts and models related to the measurement of the contribution in the organization\'s results due to knowledge management, which will justify the difference between its market value and its assets value. Secondly, this work contemplates the use of a research method called Action-Research that was developed in a Brazilian company, where the measurement model was structured and implanted, according to the author. Afterwards, a Survey Research was developed which included more than one hundred companies. According to this research, it was proven there is an existence of an alignment between the measurement model structured and the benefits obtained due to the knowledge management in organizations. Based on these, it is possible to affirm that the major contribution of this work is related to the effective possibility to measure the knowledge management contribution in the organization\'s results, which make it possible to evaluate, with the use of the measurement model, the real value that a company has according to different analysis focus.