L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'influence de la pensée scientifique sur l’œuvre narrative de l'Amérique latine de la période comprise entre 1940 et 1965, à travers l'exemple de cinq écrivains mexicains et argentins : Adolfo Bioy Casares, Ernesto Sábato, Jorge Luis Borges, Salvador Elizondo et Juan José Arreola. La position de ces écrivains face aux courants artistiques et intellectuels d'origines diverses a fait de leurs travaux un riche laboratoire d'appropriation et de réinterprétation d'idées. La connaissance scientifique y apparaît souvent avec un statut ambigu ou contradictoire. Ce travail propose une lecture qui place le sujet au centre de la transposition de l'esprit scientifique dans le discours littéraire. Le sujet scientifique est ainsi compris comme une fiction dont la présence au sein du discours littéraire ne nécessite pas la division entre contenu et forme exigée par le discours des sciences. À travers la présence de ce sujet scientifique dans les récits il est possible de dégager la notion de connaissance scientifique qui y est proposée. Cette dernière est pensée ici non plus comme un savoir communiqué, mais comme une production du sujet scientifique intérieur au texte. Ce processus de production est étudié en trois étapes. La première trace la présence du sujet scientifique dans le discours, identifie les stratégies de sa mise en texte et éclaire le rôle qu'il joue à travers l'exécution d'un programme cognitif bien défini. La deuxième s'intéresse au rôle joué dans la configuration actantielle des récits par les personnages scientifiques, compris comme les acteurs au sein desquels se manifeste l'action du sujet scientifique. Le sujet connaissant n'ayant d'autre justification que la production d'une connaissance, la dernière étape de notre étude porte sur le rôle joué par les savoirs produits par les textes dans l'architecture fictionnelle et dans la création de sens. / The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the influence of scientific thought in the narrative works of five Mexican and Argentinean writers published in the mid twentieth century: Adolfo Bioy Casares, Ernesto Sábato, Jorge Luis Borges, Salvador Elizondo and Juan José Arreola. As they relate to various artistic and intellectual currents, the literary projects of writers from this period produced a rich laboratory of appropriation and reinterpretation of ideas, with scientific knowledge often appearing within a contradictory and ambiguous framework. The present investigation attempts to read these works by analyzing that which we consider to be transposable from scientific thought to literary discourse: a cognitive scientific subjectivity. Understood as a fiction within psychological parameters, this subjectivity —the articulating voice of each narration— is constructed with a certain philosophical attitude and a specific methodology. I argue that through the analysis of the presence of this scientific subjectivity in the narrations it is possible to extract an idea of scientific knowledge. The latter is conceptualized here not as a transmitted knowledge, but as a product of the scientific subjectivity found within the text. This process of production is studied in three parts. The first traces the presence of the scientific subjectivity in discourse, identifying its textual strategies and determining the role that this subjectivity plays in the unfolding of a well-defined cognitive program. In the second part of the investigation I focus on the role played, within the actant configuration of the narrations, by the scientific characters involved in each narration, these understood as the actors through whom scientific subjectivity is made manifest. In the third stage I study the role played by various sets of knowledge produced by the texts within the fictional architecture and within the construction of meaning.

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Since 2012-2013 influenza season, World Health Organization (who) recommends the formulation of tetravalent vaccines. Globally, many countries already use tetravalent vaccines in their national immunization programs, while in Latin America only a small number. Two Influenza b lineages co-circulate, their epidemiological behavior is unpredictable. On average they represent 22.6% of influenza cases and more than 50% in predominant seasons. The lack of concordance between recommended and circulating strains was 25 and 32% in the 2010-2017 and 2000-2013 seasons, respectively. There are no clinical differences between influenza A and B. It occurs more frequently from five to 19 years of age. Influenza b has a higher proportion of attributable deaths than influenza a (1.1 vs. 0.4%), or 2.65 (95% ci 1.18-5.94). A greater number of hospitalizations when the strains mismatch (46.3 vs. 28.5%; p <.0001). Different evaluations have demonstrated its cost effectiveness. The compilation of this information supports the use of quadrivalent vaccines in Latin American countries. / Revisión por pares

This thesis examines the influence of governance quality on emigration in Latin America during the period of 2005-2010. It goes beyond the traditional focus on corruption and explores the impact of other dimensions of governance represented by the six World Governance Indicators. The research aims to expand the understanding of governance quality's role in emigration and its relationship with socioeconomic factors. The study utilizes quantitative analysis based on secondary data sources to investigate the research questions. The findings highlight the significance of considering multiple dimensions of governance quality beyond corruption in explaining emigration patterns. The theories of Push-Pull, Systems, Institutional, and State Capacity provide a conceptual framework for understanding the relationships between governance quality and Latin-American migration patterns. The analysis demonstrates that a comprehensive understanding of governance quality, along with socioeconomic variables, improves the explanatory power of the model. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex factors driving emigration in Latin America.

This paper examines the work of German artist Horst Hoheisel in Latin-America. I open the conversation by including Hoheisel’s provocative participation in the 2005 memory debates in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Here, I introduce the nature of Hoheisel’s reasoning and the dialectical self-reflectiveness that is at work in his artifacts. In each project, I look for the way in which Hoheisel lays down the “memorialistic substance” of a specific site together with the self-critical rationality that characterizes his creation. The second part of this essay attempts to construct the theoretical parameters for the expansion of the definition of the countermonument. This expanded definition attempts to unlock the countermonument and the memorial from the therapeutic mechanics of repetition -at the level of the subject- and release its possibilities vis-à-vis the potentiality of the event of language. Using the insights of Alain Badiou and Giorgio Agamben, I discuss the work of two contemporary artists (Jochen Gerz and Krzysztof Wodiczko) who experiment with the use of space and language as a way to invent a new type of countermonument, one that is based on the notion of an active memory rather than a cathartic one.

This essay is an extension of the topics I have been investigating while creating art pieces. Through these endeavors, I have been able to see and feel references that enrich me and my personal library, which I have missed from institutions. I hope this essay can be of help to those in need of it or serve as a reminder that having dual identities is beautiful and should be celebrated, not oppressed.   I find myself struggling to write this abstract. How can I make it fair to tell you what is coming in my essay? I do not like to reduce myself, and that is why summarizing my work into a short story is a struggle. I do not see myself as something that can be summarized into a short story. I grew up in a household filled with storytelling   As I write this abstract, I find it challenging to give a fair idea of what to expect. What I can say is that the essay consists of struggles and inner battles of trying to fit in by fläta samman language, culture and art.   When and where, how and why I feel how I feel.   A consciousness of when I am Latina, and when I am Swedish. In this investigation I found help from thinkers such as Sara Ahmed, Gloria Anzaldúa, Virgilio Elizondo, Paulina de los Reyes and artists such as Elías Adasme, Alfredo Jaar, Victor Grippo, Jonathas de Andrade, Rodrigo Castro Hueche.   You could say that the text is about: diaspora, mellanförskap, photography, art, feminism - not white feminism, rasism, home, politics, abuelas, food, ….and I am OK with that!     However, I will say that this essay seeks to explore the struggles and inner battles of trying to fit in. It aims to connect language, culture, and art, using the concept of 'fläta samman' (weaving together) to unravel these issues. My consciousness of being both Latina and Swedish is a significant focus of this investigation, and I draw inspiration from the works of Sara Ahmed, Gloria Anzaldúa, Virgilio Elizondo, Paulina de los Reyes, and artists such as Elías Adasme, Alfredo Jaar, Victor Grippo, Jonathas de Andrade, and Rodrigo Castro Hueche.

Introduction: Community mitigation strategies (CMS) have demonstrated to be effective in the reduction of transmission and incidence of COVID-19, especially in the population with symptoms associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and adherence to CMS in Latin American adults. Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of a database developed by the University of Maryland and Facebook social network during the COVID-19 pandemic. We included Latin American adults that used the Facebook platform and participated in a survey conducted from April 23 to May 23, 2020. The principal outcome variable was reported compliance with the three main CMS (physical distancing, use of face masks, and hand washing). The exposure variable included symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 defined as the presence of three or more symptoms of an acute clinical case of COVID-19. We performed generalized linear models of the Poisson family with a logarithmic link function to evaluate the association between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and reported compliance with CMS. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: We analyzed 1,310,690 adults from Latin America; 48.1% were male and 42.9% were under 35 years of age. The prevalence of suspicious symptoms of COVID-19 was 18.5% and reported compliance with the three CMS was 45.3%. The countries with the highest proportion of reported compliance with the three CMS were Peru, Bolivia and Panama, while those with the lowest reported compliance were Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. In the adjusted model, people with suspicious symptoms for COVID-19 had a 14% lower compliance with the three CMS (aPR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.85–0.87; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Less than half of the participants complied with the CMS, and those presenting suspicious symptoms for COVID-19 had lower reported compliance with the three CMS. / University of Maryland / Revisión por pares

This master's thesis focuses on Russian international trade of conventional weapons. Arms trade had played an important role during the Cold War as a tool to gain influence. Currently, Russia is using it to regain the influence it had lost after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in various regions around the world. At the same time, Russia is the second largest arms exporter after the United States. The thesis briefly addresses past Russian arms trade, but the main focus is on the decade between 2010 and 2020. It answers the question whether Russia currently uses its arms trade opportunistically to only maximalise its economic profit or whether it serves as a part of a larger strategy to balance the influence of the United States. The work focuses on Asia, the MENA region, and Latin America. It analyses circumstances surrounding arms deliveries from Russia into the countries in these regions. The thesis consists of several case studies, which illustrate the evolution of Russian approach towards arms trade. It reaches the conclusion that, for Russia, international arms trade is an important tool to help reach its foreign policy goals. Russia maintains strong and stable relations with the most important trade partners to support its defence industry. At the same time, other countries receive...