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Actuellement de nombreux Latinos vivent aux États-Unis par suite de divers processus historiques qui les ont menés vers ce territoire. Leur présence et leur participation se manifestent de façon diverse dans la société américaine. Cette présence est considérée comme un événement digne d’être construit sur le plan journalistique. Dans cette recherche, nous nous sommes intéresée à la construction discursive de cette communauté à travers la langue. À partir d’un corpus de presse monolingue états-unienne concernant la période 1992-2004, nous étudions des phénomènes bilingues ou des marques transcodiques et des structures linguistiques construisant des représentations socio-discursives de latinidad. Nous relevons au niveau de la phrase des phénomènes bilingues et des structures linguistiques qui nuancent le discours sur la latinidad. Nous étudions, d’une part, les traits linguistique et les fonctions de marques transcodiques en espagnol présentes dans le discours journalistique. D’autre part, en nous appuyant sur la théorie de la grammaire systémique fonctionnelle et son système de transitivité de Halliday, nous observons les représentations socio-discursives construites par les phénomènes linguistiques constituant la phrase. Grâce à la métafonction idéationnelle du langage, l’individu représente son intériorité et les impressions du monde extérieur. Les éléments linguistiques de la phrase matérialisent ces impressions. Cette approche nous a permis d’identifier une tendance à démunir les procès du verbe de ses caractéristiques essentielles. On trouve une volonté à concrétiser des procès abstraits et à abstraire des procès concrets. / A large number of Latinos are currently living in the United States for diverse historical reasons. Their presence and participation in the American context are revealed in a variety of ways and are considered worthy of documentation. In this research, we are interested in the discursive construction of this community through language. Using an american press corpus from 1992 to 2004, we study the bilingual phenomena or transcodic markers and linguistic structures which build the sociodiscursive representations of Latinidad. In the study of the sociodiscursive representations of Latinidad, we pick out the bilingual phenomena and linguistic structures which nuance the Latinidad discourse at sentence level. On the one hand, we study, the linguistic characteristics and the communicative functions of Spanish transcodic markers that are used in the monolingual American press. On the other hand, by using the theory of systemic functional grammar and its transitivity system, we observe the sociodiscursive representations present in the phenomena and linguistic elements that make up the sentence. Thanks to the ideational metafunction of language people can represent experiences and impressions of both their outside and inner world. Their impressions take shape through the linguistic elements of the sentence. This approach has enabled us to identify the tendency to divest the process of the verb of its essential characteristics. We find a desire to give concrete expression to abstract processes and to abstract concrete processes.

The album Siembra (Fania 1978) by Rubén Blades and Willie Colón marked the arrival of Salsa consciente -- a strain of New York City Salsa inspired by the global youth revolution of 1968 and the cultural nationalism of the Afro-American Black Panthers and Puerto Rican Young Lords, which gave audible form to Latinidad -- the sociopolitical identity of Latinos in the U.S. and beyond. This dissertation analyzes the development of Salsa consciente as a musico-poetic movement that emerged in the mid 1970's and continued as a leading trend at least until 1991. This musical phenomenon expressed the ethnic consciousness of urban immigrants who came to feel that they all lived in una sola casa (one and the same house) or, in the same meta-barrio (urban meta-neighborhood or ghetto), a semiotically constructed abstract meeting space where Latino and Latin Americans interact through the lingua franca of politicized dance music. The style was catalyzed by performers such as Willie Colón, Ray Barretto, Cheo Feliciano, and Eddie Palmieri, following the intellectual lead of composers Rubén Blades and Catalino "Tite" Curet Alonso. The term consciente applied to Salsa evokes the idea of class consciousness in the Marxist sense (1971, cf. Lukacs' History and Class Consciousness) and/or an ethical conscience that rejects consumerist individualism in favor of social solidarity. The artists may have intentionally chosen ambiguity as a means of defying existing political labels. Spread through the media of vinyl records and commercial radio, Salsa consciente was rapidly embraced by communities of various national origins as the socio-musical signature of Latino ethnicity in New York and beyond (cf. Zea, 1986; Padilla 1989; Davila, 2002; Ramirez, 2002; Aparicio, 2003; Caminero-Santangelo, 2007). The genre and its context are documented here through fieldwork combined with textual and sonic analysis of representative tracks, which are linked for this purpose at www.salsaconsciente.wordpress.com.

This study analyzes the relationship between Plaza Fiesta, a Latino shopping center located in Atlanta, Georgia, and concepts of Latino identity and community formation among immigrants in a U.S. city. It is focused specifically on the complexities of identification for Latin American immigrants, who relate in various ways to Plaza Fiesta. One chapter explores the relationships between product consumption, marketing, spaces, and memory in the production of hybrid identity formations. Another chapter considers the relationship between pan-ethnic Latino identity construction and notions of belonging and not belonging for these Latin American immigrants. The final chapter adds to knowledge about identity by analyzing the complexities and contradictions based on interviews, questionnaires, and observations at Plaza Fiesta. Moreover, this paper examines the importance these topics have with immigration issues and U.S. society. Overall, this paper suggests that Plaza Fiesta plays a role in establishing a sense of Latino community in Atlanta.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a representaÃÃo social (RS) que os latinoamericanos usuÃrios do site de redes sociais Orkut constroem sobre a latinidade, tendo como foco a constituiÃÃo temÃtica desta representaÃÃo, as estruturas do discurso e as condiÃÃes de produÃÃo pelas quais se expressa tal representaÃÃo e as atitudes dos sujeitos sobre o objeto representado. O corpus foi constituÃdo de 114 postagens dos tÃpicos âComo unir a AmÃrica Latina?â e âBrasil nÃo devia ser da AmÃrica Latinaâ da comunidade virtual âAmÃrica Latina Unidaâ. Em nossa anÃlise, partimos de uma abordagem discursiva em sua vertente crÃtica, de base qualitativa, e executamos o procedimento de interpretaÃÃo dos dados em trÃs etapas: (i) descriÃÃo temÃtica da RS em macro e microtemas, (ii) exame das estruturas ideolÃgicas do discurso (EID) e das categorias de anÃlise contextual (CAC) propostas por van Dijk (2003) e (iii) investigaÃÃo das atitudes dos sujeitos em relaÃÃo ao objeto de representaÃÃo. Como fundamentos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos, adotamos: (i) os estudos sobre a identidade cultural da AmÃrica Latina e a latinidade como o proposto nos trabalhos de Rouquià (1991), Oâ Gorman (1992), GarcÃa Canclini (2008a, 2008b, 2009), Brandalise (2008), alÃm dos realizados em torno Ãs ideologias e a relaÃÃo com os discursos, vistos como produÃÃes sociocognitivas consoante com van Dijk (1998, 1999, 2003, 2009) e Thompson (2009); (ii) a proposta de investigaÃÃo de eventos na WEB, conforme Recuero (2010), Segata (2008), dentre outros autores, bem como pesquisas a respeito ao surgimento do CiberespaÃo, notadamente os trabalhos de LÃvy (1999); (iii) a Teoria das RepresentaÃÃes Sociais (TRS), em sua epistemologia de base proposta por Moscovici (1976) e teÃricos subsequentes, a saber: Jodelet (1984, 1991, 2001), Abric (1994) e Doise (2001). Os resultados mostram que a RS dos sujeitos do grupo selecionado sobre a latinidade se constrÃi com base na interseÃÃo entre elementos temÃticos relacionados à trÃade conceitual lÃngua â cultura â identidade, desde estruturas discursivas e condiÃÃes de produÃÃo especÃficas. Esses elementos temÃticos, por sua vez, orientam os sujeitos em suas tomadas de posiÃÃo simbÃlica em relaÃÃo ao objeto de representaÃÃo durante as discussÃes promovidas, nos tÃpicos analisados, a respeito do universo latino. / Esta investigaciÃn presenta como objetivo analizar la representaciÃn social (RS) que los latinoamericanos usuarios del sitio de redes sociales Orkut construyen sobre la latinidad, presentando como foco la constituciÃn temÃtica de esta representaciÃn, las estructuras del discurso y las condiciones de producciÃn por las cuales expresa tal representaciÃn y las actitudes de los sujetos sobre el objeto representado. El corpus se constituyà en 114 posts de los tÃpicos "ÂCÃmo unir la AmÃrica Latina?" y "Brasil no deberÃa ser de AmÃrica Latina" de la comunidad virtual "AmÃrica Latina Unida". En nuestro anÃlisis, partimos de un abordaje discursivo en su postura crÃtica, de forma cualitativa, y ejecutamos el procedimiento de interpretaciÃn de los datos en tres etapas: (i) descripciÃn temÃtica de la RS en macro y microtemas, (ii) examen de las estructuras ideolÃgicas del discurso (EID) y das categorÃas de anÃlisis contextual (CAC) propuestas por van Dijk (2003) e (iii) investigaciÃn de las actitudes de los sujetos en relaciÃn al objeto de representaciÃn. Como fundamentos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos, hemos adoptado: (i) los estudios sobre la identidad cultural de la AmÃrica Latina y la latinidad como lo propuesto en los trabajos de Rouquià (1991), Oâ Gorman (1992), GarcÃa Canclini (2008a, 2008b, 2009), Brandalise (2008), ademÃs de los realizados en torno a las ideologÃas y la relaciÃn con los discursos, tomados como producciones sociocognitivas consonante con van Dijk (1998, 1999, 2003, 2009) y Thompson (2009); (ii) la propuesta de investigaciÃn de hechos en la WEB, conforme Recuero (2010), Segata (2008), entre otros autores, asà como investigaciones al respecto del surgimiento del Ciberespacio, destacadamente los trabajos de LÃvy (1999); (iii) la TeorÃa de la Representaciones Sociales (TRS), en su epistemologÃa bÃsica propuesta por Moscovici (1976) y teÃricos posteriores, como Jodelet (1984, 1991, 2001), Abric (1994), Doise (2001). Los resultados muestran que la RS de los sujetos del grupo seleccionado sobre la latinidad se construye con base en la interacciÃn entre elementos temÃticos relacionados a la trÃade conceptual lengua â cultura â identidad, desde estructuras discursivas y condiciones de producciÃn especÃficas. Estos elementos, por su vez, orientan los sujetos en sus tomadas de posiciÃn simbÃlica en relaciÃn al objeto de representaciÃn a lo largo de las discusiones promovidas, en los tÃpicos analizados, al respecto del universo latino.

This thesis explores the impact of Latinidad in Latino political participation, especially in regard to voting behavior. Although Latinos often have been portrayed as a decisive electoral group, the reality is they have not fulfilled the expectations imposed upon them. Therefore, I argue Latinos with different levels of group consciousness will engage differently in politics, which affects the voting statistics of the ethnicity in Censuses, reports and surveys. The use of pan-ethnic terms and the constant stereotypes of Latinos all being “the same,” has caused separation rather than cohesiveness within the minority group, which has resulted in low political engagement. I propose that those Latino immigrants and their descendants who do not have a strong attachment to the pan-ethnicity will behave differently than those who identify themselves in pan-ethnic terms. Consequently, I have come to wonder how Latinidad impacts those who are not part of the main Latino subgroups —Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans— and have been denominated the “other Latinos” when engaging in politics? South Americans, Central Americans, and Caribbean immigrants have been smashed into a group where they do not occupy a significant place. I suggest that differences in country of origin will have an impact on how Latin American immigrants will participate in American politics. To test my hypothesis, I have made a secondary analysis of existent literature. This analysis includes crosstabulations of data obtained from the 2012 National Survey of Latinos, conducted by the Pew Research Center. Through the analysis of the data and the existent literature, I have concluded that the pan-ethnic terms are not strongly entrenched in Latino’s regular use of identity. Respondents mostly said to not have a preference for either term, still their vote intention was high. Differences are noticeable among Latinos/Hispanics that have different ancestries, however, these are sometimes stabilized by citizenship. The data proved that the identity categories used for surveys directed at Latinos/Hispanics are not specific enough, given that a considerable percentage of participants were confused about how to classify themselves, which altered the results. This current study will contribute to the work of Latino studies, that for more than 50 years have tried to get to know those who make up the Latino community, by approaching identity and Latino politics from a different perspective. A perspective where those called Latinos/Hispanics can identify themselves instead of being randomly categorized.

Jane the Virgin debuted on the CW in 2014 at a time when anti-immigrant, particularly anti-Mexican and anti-Latinx, sentiment in the U.S. felt very prevalent. This TV show was the latest to offer representations of Latin@s at the forefront and advanced a distinct political stance on immigration by calling for #immigrationreform. The series has not only been a ratings hit amongst the Latinx community, but has garnered wide acclaim from other races, ethnicities, and gender identities across the United States. This thesis explores the representation of the character of Alba (Ivonne Coll), through an investigation of the various physical and linguistic spaces which she occupies within the narrative of Jane the Virgin, and investigates how these spaces facilitate character growth, transformation, and a challenge to pre-established notions of Latinidad in U.S. mainstream television. It also questions the genre of Jane the Virgin itself, showing how the show’s unique hybridization of the televenovela genre and the sitcom contribute to its diverse spectatorship, both welcoming the dominant American viewer without alienating the Latinx viewer. Lastly, it brings attention to the usage of social media within the show’s narrative as well as outside of it. Building off of Mark Prenski’s generation of “Digital Natives” (2001), I call for a pedagogical shift and literacy in social media from scholars today to effectively engage and dialogue with what I coin “Social Media Natives.” In exploring these various facets of representation in Jane the Virgin, I show how the occupation of “safe spaces” and “non-safe spaces” affects development– whether that be of Alba’s character, the dominant American spectator, or the “Social Media Immigrant” scholar. This work is informed by Michel de Certeau’s concept of “space” in The Practice of Everyday Life (1984), and utilizes Moira Kenney’s identification of “safe space” in Mapping Gay L.A., (2015). Intended to contribute to intersectional feminist race studies, this work also uses Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity to negotiate identity (1990), Kimberlé Crenshaw’s notion of intersectionality (1989), and engages with somatic racialization and shaming proposed by Stephanie Fetta in her recent publication Shaming into Brown (2018).

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This dissertation focuses on dominant contemporary depictions of women in order to investigate the related processes of producing and policing physical attractiveness and privilege in mainstream cultural productions. I examine how certain US Latina, Colombian, and Dominican female portrayals fit definite paradigms of ideal beauty and contribute to patterns of power within magazines, films and television, music, and literary novels. I explore the ways in which the majority of dominant representations in all three countries favor specific beauty ideals linked with an Anglo or Northern European archetype, thus limiting the acceptable model and excluding a great part of the racially mixed female population which fails to match this criterion. By studying the relationship between body image and messages that inspire anxiety for those women who fall outside of ideal beauty patterns, my analysis bridges sociological and anthropological studies within literary theories and visual culture and contributes to new perspectives on Latinidad and Tropicalism by including a trans-nationalistic approach. While much work has been done on the connection between the body and identity within the United States, scholarship within this area has been more limited within Hispanic literature and Latin American popular culture in terms of the role of power structures. While one perception of beauty is that it is merely physical, in reality racial classification and the recognition of “legitimate” beauty have tangible impacts on social matters such as access to employment, marriageability, perceptions of education, civilization, decency, and purity.

Esta tese aborda a circulação no Brasil de versões em espanhol produzidas por estúdios de Hollywood nos primeiros anos do cinema sonoro. Procuramos identificar nestes filmes algumas representações que os produtores norte-americanos vincularam à identidade latina. Temos o Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo como recorte geográfico, a partir da pesquisa histórica de recepção nas revistas Cinearte e A Scena Muda e nos jornais Correio da Manhã e O Estado de São Paulo. Entre 1930 e 1935, esses periódicos mencionaram uma série de produções hollywoodianas em língua espanhola, que nossas revistas consideraram inferiores aos filmes originais em inglês devido à barreira da língua e aos padrões de qualidade cinematográficos estabelecidos. Visamos demonstrar como a recepção das versões pela imprensa carioca e paulistana marcou o distanciamento que alguns grupos de nossa elite cultural projetavam em relação à América Latina, bem como um espelhamento nos Estados Unidos, afirmando uma relação imperialista pela via da cultura. / This dissertation approaches the circulation in Brazil of the Spanish-language versions produced by Hollywood Studios in the early years of sound cinema and aim to identify in these films some representations of Latinidad made by American producers. The cities of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo constitute the geographic approach. The magazines Cinearte and A Scena Muda, and the newspapers Correio da Manhã and O Estado de São Paulo were the main reference for the historical research. Between 1930 and 1935 these journals mentioned some Hollywood Spanish-language productions, which Brazillian magazines considered worse than the original English-language films because of the language barrier and the established film quality standards. This work aims to demonstrate how the reception of the Spanish-language versions by the Brazilian press marked the distancing that some groups of Brazil´s cultural elite projected towards Latin America, as well as a mirroring in the United States. It marks an imperialist relation through culture.