叶菊艳. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-309) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ye Juyan.

by Tsui Lam Sin Lai, Judy. / Includes questionaire in Chinese. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-267). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xv / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Meaning and Concept of Ethics --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Approaches to Understand Ethical Behaviour in Accounting --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Tenets of Ethical Conduct --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Concept of Independence --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Auditor-Client Conflict --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation for the Study --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objective of the Study --- p.31 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of the Study --- p.32 / Chapter 1.6 --- Summary --- p.34 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2 --- Accounting Ethics Literature --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Situational Variables in Third Party Perceptions --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Individual Differences --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Auditor Independence in Fact --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Cognitive Process --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3 --- Business and Marketing Ethics Literature --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4 --- General Decision Making Model --- p.59 / Chapter 2.5 --- Theoretical Model for Auditors' Ethical Decision Making --- p.63 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Research Questions --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.68 / Chapter III. --- COGNITIVE MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2 --- Cognitive Process --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Kohlberg's Theory of Cognitive Moral Development --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4 --- Criticisms of Kohlberg's Cognitive Moral Development Theory --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5 --- Antecedents of Moral Development --- p.92 / Chapter 3.6 --- Moral Reasoning Levels of Professional Accountants --- p.94 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.101 / Chapter IV. --- HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2 --- Decision Making Task --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3 --- Moral Reasoning and Ethical Behaviour --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4 --- Hypotheses --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Moral Reasoning --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Individual Differences --- p.119 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Locus of Control --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Locus of Control and Moral Reasoning --- p.124 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Cognitive Style --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- Cognitive Style and Moral Reasoning --- p.129 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Contextual Factor --- p.130 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Size of Audit Fees --- p.132 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Size of Audit Fees and Moral Reasoning --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4.3.3 --- Size of Audit Fees and Individual Differences --- p.137 / Chapter 4.4.3.4 --- "Moral Reasoning, Individual Differences and Size of Audit Fees" --- p.140 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.143 / Chapter V. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.144 / Chapter 5.2 --- Field Experiment --- p.145 / Chapter 5.3 --- Measurement of Variables --- p.148 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Dependent Variable --- p.150 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Moral Reasoning --- p.151 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Locus of Control --- p.158 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Cognitive Style --- p.158 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Size of Audit Fees --- p.159 / Chapter 5.4 --- Subjects and Sample Size --- p.160 / Chapter 5.5 --- Procedures --- p.170 / Chapter 5.6 --- Research Instruments --- p.172 / Chapter 5.7 --- Scoring Methods of Research Instruments --- p.175 / Chapter 5.8 --- Summary --- p.175 / Chapter VI. --- DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.177 / Chapter 6.2 --- Data Analysis Techniques --- p.178 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations of the Multiplicative Model --- p.182 / Chapter 6.4 --- Descriptive Statistics of Variables --- p.184 / Chapter 6.5 --- Validity and Internal Reliability of Variables --- p.184 / Chapter 6.6 --- Defining Issues Test: Internal Checks on Subject Reliability --- p.185 / Chapter 6.7 --- Results --- p.187 / Chapter 6.8 --- Summary --- p.200 / Chapter VII. --- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.201 / Chapter 7.2 --- Hypotheses with Significant Results --- p.202 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Test of Null Hypothesis 2 --- p.202 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Test of Null Hypothesis3 --- p.205 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Test of Null Hypothesis 8 --- p.216 / Chapter 7.3 --- Hypotheses with Insignificant Results --- p.225 / Chapter 7.4 --- Summary --- p.234 / Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.236 / Chapter 8.2 --- "Summary of Objective, Research Questions and Hypotheses" --- p.236 / Chapter 8.3 --- Summary of Findings --- p.238 / Chapter 8.4 --- Contributions --- p.240 / Chapter 8.5 --- Implications --- p.241 / Chapter 8.6 --- Limitations --- p.242 / Chapter 8.7 --- Directions for Future Research --- p.244 / Chapter 8.8 --- Summary --- p.247 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.248 / APPENDICES / Appendix I Normative Ethical Theories --- p.268 / Appendix II Fundamental Principles of Ethical Conduct --- p.272 / Appendix III Theoretical Frameworks on Ethical Behaviour --- p.275 / Figure 1 A Contingency Model of Ethical Decision Making in a Marketing Organisation --- p.280 / Figure 2 General Theory of Marketing Ethics --- p.281 / Figure 3 A Behavioural Model of Ethical/Unethical Decision Making --- p.282 / Figure 4 A Model of Ethical Decision Behaviour --- p.283 / Figure 5 Three Types of Causal Relations --- p.284 / Figure 6 Cognitive-Contingency Model for the Study of Ethics in Accounting --- p.285 / Appendix IV The Six Equilibrium Stages of Ethical Cognition --- p.286 / Appendix V Auditors' Decision Making Questionnaire --- p.287 / Appendix VI Debriefing Questionnaire --- p.306 / Appendix VII Social Opinion Survey (Chinese Version) --- p.307 / Appendix VIII Nature of Audit Conflict Cases as Reported by Subjects --- p.312 / Appendix IX A Summary of Subjects' Perceptions of the Purpose of the Experiment --- p.313 / Appendix X Use of Partial Derivatives for Data Analysis --- p.314

This thesis introduces a topic of mentoring of novice teachers in Finland. The main goal is to analyse a novice teachers peer-group mentoring model as a case study of project Paedeia Café and evaluate its advantages and disadvantages in comparison to dyadic form of mentoring. Further, to bring ideas for implementation of Finnish experiences into Czech context. In theoretical part, we define mentoring in teaching profession, then we briefly introduce specifics of Finnish education system, peer-group mentoring and Paedeia Café. The research part analyses interview with mentors, novice teachers and manager of the project as well as participating observations. The results of the study show that Paedeia Café is a project which connects experienced teachers and students in last years of their studies. The advantages of the project are financial savings and creation of a space for discussion about professional issues. Disadvantages are more difficult structure, confusion of mentor's roles and low support in academic literature. In the Czech Republic, we can be inspired by a connection of experienced teachers and students, also by a space for sharing teaching profession experience in informal atmosphere. This thesis is a contribution to a discussion about the teacher career system in the Czech Republic...

by Anita, Wing-Ngar, Tsang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-114). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.vii / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.viii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND --- p.5 / The Person-Organization Fit Framework --- p.5 / Role Motivation Theories --- p.8 / The Professions --- p.11 / Professional Role Motivation Theory --- p.14 / Role Theory and the Role Episode Model --- p.21 / Interrole Conflict Among Professionals --- p.23 / Person-role Conflict Among Professionals --- p.25 / Consequences of Role Conflict --- p.25 / Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Incongruence --- p.27 / Chapter III. --- HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY --- p.29 / Chapter IV. --- METHODS --- p.35 / Sample --- p.35 / Data Collection Procedures --- p.35 / Measures --- p.40 / Data Analyses --- p.58 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.61 / Basic Descriptive Statistics --- p.61 / Effects of Absolute Congruence Indexes on Perceived Role Conflict --- p.64 / Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Congruence Indexes --- p.67 / Chapter VI. --- DISCUSSION --- p.81 / Organizational-Professional Role Congruence and Interrole Conflict --- p.82 / Individual-Work Role Congruence and Person-Role Conflict --- p.86 / Perceived Role Conflict and Work Outcomes --- p.88 / Research and Managerial Implications --- p.89 / Limitations and Future Research --- p.93 / Conclusion --- p.95 / APPENDIX A --- p.97 / REFERENCES --- p.102

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-24T16:16:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Agda Silva Honorato.pdf: 15259192 bytes, checksum: cfbe3fd7e73c8b35119c0d01dac674f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-24T16:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Agda Silva Honorato.pdf: 15259192 bytes, checksum: cfbe3fd7e73c8b35119c0d01dac674f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis is to study the object Supervised Internship in Social Work - their place in the training and challenges from the understanding of 18 teachers of the course of Social Service. To enter this issue considered as present and latent, was elected a five-universe (5) Education Units that make up the South II region of micro capital of the Brazilian Education and Research Association in Social Work. The overall objective focused on conduct study on supervised training in social work directing the search for debate and analysis on the perspective of the centrality of supervised training, however, in size and in all crucial considerations that print what is and what should actually be the same in the process. However, it is a thesis that defends the debate this time because there are numerous dilemmas that engender, so an environment that fosters uncover the remaining gaps in the direction of new construction coping proposituras the perspective of possibilities. Thus, the analysis from the studies and the results of the research, pointed out the need to foster new agenda for the resumption of discussion and reflection involving all or most of the UFAS through its agents for punctuated detail in each preconization debate set in National policy training in Social Work, stage place post since the 1990s, more precisely in 1996 by the Curriculum Guidelines for Social Work and regulated in the resolution n. 533 2008 of the Federal Council of Social Service, because the understanding has been multiple and adverse, which implies distortions and breaches. It is argued that it is time to fertilize the debate as points Iamamoto (2009) / Esta tese tem como objeto de estudo o Estágio Supervisionado em Serviço Social – seu lugar na formação e os desafios a partir da compreensão de 18 docentes do curso de Serviço Social. Para adentrar nesta questão considerada como presente e latente, elegeu-se um universo de cinco (5) Unidades de Formação Acadêmica que compõem a região Sul II da micro capital da Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social. O objetivo geral centrou-se em realizar estudo sobre estágio supervisionado em Serviço Social direcionando a pesquisa para debates e análises sobre a perspectiva da centralidade do estágio supervisionado na formação, entretanto, na sua dimensão e nas considerações de todos os determinantes que imprimem o que é e o que deveria ser de fato o mesmo no processo. Contudo, trata-se de uma tese que defende o debate em tempo presente, pois inúmeros são os dilemas que o engendram, logo, um espaço que favoreça descortinar as lacunas ainda existentes no sentido de novas construções de proposituras de enfrentamento na perspectiva de possibilidades. Assim, a análise realizada a partir dos estudos e dos resultados da pesquisa, apontou a necessidade de fomentar nova agenda para a retomada de discussão e reflexão envolvendo todas ou a maioria das UFAS através de seus agentes para um debate pontuado detalhadamente em cada preconização posta na Política Nacional de Estágio em Serviço Social, do lugar do estágio posto desde a década de 1990, mais precisamente em 1996 pelas Diretrizes Curriculares do Serviço Social e regulamentado na resolução n. 533 de 2008 do Conselho Federal de Serviço Social, pois as compreensões tem sido múltiplas e adversas, o que implica distorções e descumprimentos. Defende-se que é tempo de fertilizar o debate como aponta Iamamoto (2009)

Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade conhecer o trabalho docente dos professores de formação técnica que atuam na educação profissional e tecnológica (EPT) oferecida nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia sob a perspectiva do conceito de atividade oriundo da Psicologia Histórico-cultural, da Teoria da Atividade e da Clínica da Atividade. O objetivo geral é analisar a atividade do professor de formação técnica em Informática que atua na educação profissional e tecnológica. Os objetivos específicos são: conhecer as trajetórias profissionais e formativas dos docentes de formação técnica em Informática que atuam na educação profissional e tecnológica e que serão os interlocutores da pesquisa; compreender quais articulações estes professores fazem entre as experiências que vivenciaram como profissionais de suas áreas de formação inicial e as demandas da docência na educação profissional e tecnológica; identificar quais as prescrições e a presença delas na atividade destes professores; e explorar o significado e o sentido pessoal do trabalho docente para os interlocutores da pesquisa. A Clínica da Atividade foi utilizada como aporte teórico e como método e as informações foram produzidas através de instrução ao sósia, autoconfrontações simples e cruzadas, observação participante e entrevistas intensivas. Participaram da pesquisa dois docentes da área de Informática que atuam em câmpus de dois institutos federais do Rio Grande do Sul. Depois da realização de todas as etapas que constituíram a pesquisa, a tese construída é que os docentes pesquisados realizam uma atividade de ensino voltada para a orientação e preparação profissional que visa que os alunos se apropriem do acúmulo de cultura de área de Informática e possam exercer essa profissão. Os docentes agem através dos gêneros profissionais da docência e do campo de atuação em Informática e há indícios que demonstram que estes docentes produzem um novo gênero profissional ao qual imprimem os seus estilos. Esse novo gênero não é a negação de nenhum dos gêneros profissionais nos quais os docentes se movimentam, mas, sim, a confluência deles na criação de uma nova atividade real que assume as prescrições de ambas, encadeando-as, cruzando-as e equilibrando-as. Nessa atividade, os docentes esbarram em duas grandes questões que compõem o real da atividade: a dificuldade de adaptar o ensino de uma profissão aos tempos escolares e o desconhecimento de outras formas de ensinar pautadas mais na promoção de atividades de estudo aos alunos e menos em tarefas de reprodução do fazer do professor. Conhecer a atividade dos professores a partir da Clínica da Atividade pode colaborar com a construção de formações iniciais e continuadas que respeitem as especificidades da docência na educação profissional e promovam o aumento do poder de agir dos docentes diante de seu próprio trabalho. / This research aimed to know the work of the technical training of teachers who work in professional and technological educational (PTE) offered in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology under the perspective of the concept of activity originating from the Cultural-historical Psychology of Activity Theory and Activity Clinic. The general objective is to analyze the activity of the teacher that has technical training engaged in professional and technological education. The specific objectives are: to know the professionals and formative trajectories of the technical teachers training in Information Technology that work in professional and technological education and who will be the interlocutors of the research; to understand what interligations these teachers make between the experiences that lived as professionals in their areas of initial training and the demands of teaching in professional and technological educational; to identify the prescriptions and their presence in the activity of these teachers; and explore the meaning and personal sense of the teaching work to the interlocutors of the research. The Activity Clinic was used as a theoretical and methodological contribution and the information was produced through instruction to the look-alike, simple and crossed self-confrontations, participant observation and intensive interviews. Participated in the research two teachers of Information Technology area that work on campus of two federal institutes of Rio Grande do Sul. After the completion of all the steps that constitute the research, the built thesis is that the researched teachers perform a focused education activity for orientation and professional training that aims to students to take as of the culture of Computer Science area and to exercise this profession.The teachers act through the professional genres of teaching and of the field of action in Informatics and there are indications that show that these teachers produce a new professional type to which they imprint their styles. This new genre is not the denial of any of the professional genres in which teachers move, but rather the confluence of them in the creation of a new real activity that assumes the prescriptions of both, chaining them, crossing them and balancing them. In this activity, the teachers have two issues constitute the real activity: the difficulty of adapting teaching a profession to school organization and the lack of knowledge of other forms of teaching focused on the promotion the studying activities and less on the reproductions of the teacher’s act. Know the teachers activity from the Activity Clinic can collaborates with building of the initial and continued education that respect the characteristics of teaching in professional and technological educational and increase the teachers’ power to act in their own work space.

Escritórios de Gerenciamento de Projetos (EGPs) possuem um amplo espectro de serviços (HOBBS; AUBRY, 2007). Nesta pesquisa, foram investigados os serviços dos EGPs direcionados aos gerentes de projetos, particularmente, aqueles destinados a fortalecer as competências. Delimitou-se essa investigação a escritórios maduros. Há recomendações anteriores (DAI; WELLS, 2004) para o estudo de EGPs com tempo de vida longo haja vista uma alta \"mortalidade\" (HOBBS; AUBRY, 2010) em organizações dos mais variados ramos. A questão de pesquisa tratou de como o Escritório de Gerenciamento de Projetos pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de competências do Gerente de Projetos. Foram empregados métodos qualitativos para investigar a questão por meio de três estudos de casos (uma agência governamental, um banco e uma empresa prestadora de serviços de TI) utilizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gerentes de EGPs e gerentes de projetos. Buscou-se explorar e entender como as competências são desenvolvidas e que tipo de influência o EGP exerce. Em termos teóricos, a originalidade adveio da pesquisa da relação entre três temas (escritórios de projetos, gerentes de projetos e desenvolvimento de competências em gerenciamento de projetos) individualmente bem explorados, porém ainda não inter-relacionados. As descobertas apontaram para formas equilibradas de exercer o controle e o apoio do EGP aos gerentes de projetos. Em termos da prática, a pesquisa apresentou evidências de serviços do EGP que fortalecem as competências dos gerentes de projetos e que podem elevar o escritório a uma posição de maior relevância na entrega de valor para as organizações, indo além dos serviços básicos e tradicionais como desenvolvimento de metodologias e distribuição de relatórios para executivos. / Project Management Offices (PMOs) have a broad spectrum of services (HOBBS; AUBRY, 2007). In this research, we focused the services rendered by PMOs to project managers, particularly, those services that empower the PM\'s competences. We are also restricting this investigation to mature PMOs. Recommendations have been made (DAI; WELLS, 2004) about the study of the experienced PMOs since there is a \"mortality\" rate (HOBBS; AUBRY, 2010) in organizations. The research question dealt with to what extent do PMOs influence the development of the project managers\' competences. The research project employed qualitative methods in three study cases (a government agency, a bank and a IT service provider) using semi-structured interviews with the PMO managers and with experienced project managers. The aim was to understand how they develop their competencies, how they focus on technical or non-technical (soft skills) competencies, and on what basis they have or have not the support of the PMO. We brought more amplitude and deepness to the study of mature Project Management Offices and the competencies of the project managers. These three topics (PMOs, competences in project management and project manageres) were well studied in the past, but not yet inter-related. In terms of practical contributions, the research gave evidences to justify ways of implementing PMO services to empower project managers and strengthen their competencies in a way the PMO continues to deliver value to the organizations beyond the basic services like methodology and reports to senior executives.

The introduction of Education Health and Care plans proposed in the Children and Families Act (2014) extended the statutory support for children from up to 19 years of age, to 25 years of age. This has in turn extended the role of educational psychologists to work with young people/adults to the age of 25, and some (Atkinson, Dunsmuir, Lang & Wright, 2015) have argued that this is one of the most significant developments of the profession. This research, therefore, seeks to understand how current educational psychologists see their role and how it may change when working with post-16 education; it also seeks to understand what needs post-16 education may have and how educational psychologists can support these needs. The methodology used in this thesis has the ontological stance of interpretivism (Cottrell, 2014) and epistemological stance of social constructionism (Andrews 2012). Interviews were held with educational psychologists (phase 1) and with post-16 providers (phase 2) to explore the views both these main stakeholders had of the extension of the educational psychologists' role. Needs from both stakeholders, as well previous literature, were taken into account in order to understand what the educational psychologists' role in post-16 education would entail. Interviews were developed using hierarchical focusing (Tomlinson, 1989) and were analysed using Braun & Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis. Findings suggested that the extension of the educational psychologists' role to work with post-16 learners is not the most significant development that the profession has seen in recent years, but that there are certain points that the profession needs to address. The findings are relevant to the local authority's development of their offer to post-16 educational providers. The findings also contribute to the role of the educational psychologist in general.

Este estudo de tese propõe uma discussão sobre as conexões existentes entre os cursos de qualificação profissional, gestados pelos programas governamentais PLANFOR e PNQ, e a formação da identidade profissional dos agricultores familiares na região de Januária - MG. Estes programas, gestados no início dos anos de 1990, num contexto de profundas mudanças no mundo do trabalho, foram implantados, também no meio rural, na busca por uma profissionalização do agricultor, capaz de conceber-lhes uma identidade profissional e integrá-los ao novo modelo de desenvolvimento. A disseminação dos novos padrões relacionados com a produtividade fez com que se tornassem mais complexas as relações com o mundo do trabalho e, por consequência, uma maior exigência de especialização dos trabalhadores. Pelo menos teoricamente, o acesso à tecnologia através da qualificação tende a proporcionar aumento da produção e da produtividade, o que geraria excedentes que levassem o agricultor a comercializar e se inserir nos mercados consumidores. Esse modelo de desenvolvimento para o campo se desenvolve a partir das políticas públicas de qualificação, mas nem todos os agricultores familiares assimilam essa receita e constroem estratégias de manutenção das suas condições de agricultura de tradição camponesa. A construção de identidades profissionais de agricultores se consolida naturalmente pelos processos sociais, mas também por mudanças nas estruturas produtivas e nas formas organizativas de sociedade. Dessa forma, a identidade profissional dos agricultores está relacionada com a qualificação e ao acesso à tecnologia de produção, com o uso da terra, com o crédito, ao mercado e, principalmente, ao reconhecimento social da profissão de agricultor. A qualificação profissional tem contribuído para o processo de profissionalização, mas, infelizmente, depende de outros elementos importantes de natureza econômica, institucional e social para a sua concretização. / This study thesis proposes a discussion on the connections between the professional qualification courses, gestated by government programs PLANFOR and PNQ, and the formation of professional identity of the farmers in the region Januária - MG. These programs, gestated in the early 1990s, in a context of profound changes in the world of work were deployed also in rural areas, in search for a professional farmer, able to design them a professional identity and integrate it into new development model. The spread of new standards related to productivity made them become more complex relations with the world of work and, therefore, require more specialized workers. At least in theory, access to technology through training tend to provide increased production and productivity which would generate surpluses that led farmers to enter the market and consumer markets. This model of development for the field develops from public policy qualification, but not all farmers assimilate this recipe and build strategies to maintain their conditions of peasant farming tradition. The construction of professional identities of farmers established itself naturally by social processes, but also by changes in production structures and the organizational forms of society. Thus the professional identity of farmers is related to the qualifications and access to production technology, with land use, with credit, market, and especially to social recognition of the farming profession. The qualification has contributed to the process of professionalization, but unfortunately, depends on other important elements of economic, institutional and social for their achievement.

Due to increasing societal demands, accountability and economic constraints, there has been a paradigm shift in the healthcare culture with a move to formally train medical educators. This has resulted in the professionalisation of medical education, with various development initiatives including postgraduate qualifications. The demand for these qualifications in medical education can be judged by the increase in providers, from 2 to 31 in the UK and from 7 to 124 worldwide over the last two decades. However, detailed information about the influence and effectiveness of such courses remains sparse. This study investigated the impact of postgraduate qualifications in medical education on graduates’ educational identities, practices and career progression. The study design is mixed methods using the explanatory model. The first study comprised of an online survey of graduates from the Centre for Medical Education, Dundee between 2008 and 2012. The data collected were sequentially explored in more depth through semi-structured interviews in the second study. To increase the range and scope of enquiry a third study was carried out, which involved a 10 month follow-up of a new cohort of face-to-face students (2013/14) through the course and to the workplace. The quantitative data were analysed using non-parametric statistics on SPSS 21, and constructivist grounded theory analysis was used for the qualitative data in ATLAS.ti 7. I found that a qualification in medical education enhances theoretical foundations in educational practices, with increased self-efficacy and engagement in scholarly activities. The qualification encourages transformational changes and epistemological development as a teacher, researcher, leader and learner. Many participants attributed their career progression to the qualification. The graduates were able to lead various educational changes in the workplace and they described substantial performance attainments. I also found their work environment and personal factors influenced the impact of these qualifications. A conceptual framework based on an increased understanding of the identity development of healthcare educators was also developed. This is the first study on the long-term effects of a degree-awarding course in medical education on healthcare professionals worldwide. The findings have implications for the educators, course directors, healthcare organisations and professionalisation of the speciality.