Foi desenvolvido nesta pesquisa um estudo sobre a utilização de imagens de olhos humanos em um sistema biométricos de identificação. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos na comparação de olhos humanos utilizando a técnica Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). A técnica SIFT é uma ferramenta capaz de identificar objetos, tendo como principais características: a invariância as transformações de rotação, translação, escala e oclusão do objeto dentro da imagem. Uma pesquisa sobre os principais sistemas biométricos de identificação existentes foi realizada. Para as comparações entre as imagens utilizou-se um banco de imagens de olhos humanos denominado, UBIRIS, obtendo resultados muito interessantes. / This research developed a study about the use of images of human eyes in a biometric identification system. This work presents the results of the comparison of human eyes using the technique Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). The SIFT technique is a tool capable of identify objects, with the main features: the alteration of rotation invariance, translation, scale and occlusion of the object within the picture. A search on the main systems of biometric identification was made. For the comparisons between the images we used a bank of images of human eyes called UBIRIS, getting very interesting results.

Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. / This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de cálculo para a obtenção de doses em estruturas do olho humano, como: esclera, coróide, retina, nervo óptico, corpo vítreo, câmara anterior, lente, além do tumor devido ao tratamento com placas oftálmicas. Construiu-se um modelo de olho humano com suas principais estruturas e dimensões fieis, além de um modelo matemático para uma placa de Co-60 e uma placa de sementes de I-125, levando-se em conta tamanho e disposição geométrica das fontes reais, com o código de Monte Carlo MCNP-4C. Esse modelo é capaz de calcular as distribuições de dose axiais e radiais para qualquer ponto do olho e para cada uma de suas estruturas. Construiu-se, também, um simulador de acrílico para o olho. Esse simulador é formado por uma esfera de acrílico fatiada em lâminas de 1 mm de espessura para simular as mesmas condições de simulação realizada pelos código MCNP-4C, fornecendo as doses axiais e radiais em filmes radiográficos. O simulador foi utilizado para validar os cálculos realizados com o código MCNP-4C. Os dados obtidos desse modelo matemático servirão para montar um banco de dados de doses para todas as estruturas do olho, posições e tamanhos de tumores e quaisquer placas oftálmicas utilizadas para tratamento. Esse banco de dados será a parte principal para a construção de um “software” nacional para cálculos de dose, que poderá fazer parte de um sistema de planejamento confiável para ser utilizado em radioterapia/braquiterapia. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Last summer, when I began thinking about my thesis, I tried to look back on my earlier work with a more critical eye. I noticed that my focus had largely been on trying to find my own idiom, and improving my construction skills. In the middle of my education I discovered the freedom in draping, and I challenged myself by putting the pen aside and instead make three-dimensional sketches. Looking back, I believe that I succeeded in producing the organic expression I had envisioned. I had still to explore materials more deeply, though, and therefore I made a summer course with exclusive focus on materials. These were the first steps towards beginning my thesis. There were a lot of things I wanted to explore in my thesis, and many techniques I wanted to try. I wanted to believe in myself and my strong sides, but also dare to explore completely new things and go one step further than before, without fear- ing failure. Being very comfortable with construction and cutting, I can quickly try my ideas to see if they work out or not. My sketching is uncontrolled, coarse and pretty abstract, it is through sketching my ideas evolve. I am fast when I make my sketches, be it by pen or three-dimensionally, but I work much more slowly towards the end when it’s time to work on the details, where I am meticulous.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23098号 / 医博第4725号 / 新制||医||1050(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小杉 眞司, 教授 滝田 順子, 教授 小川 誠司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Disability and animality have frequently been conjoined in American literature as the limit cases of cognition, language, and narrative. In modern and contemporary fiction, this intersection is not just thematic, but also an opportunity for formal experimentation. My dissertation considers a century-spanning group of authors that includes William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, and contemporary disabled writers and artists such as Jillian Weise, Kathy High, and Sharona Franklin. It uses a combination of close reading, historical research, and theoretical analysis to argue that some of the last century’s most influential literary experiments have built upon aesthetic modes associated with both disability and animality. For instance, in The Sound and the Fury, Benjy Compson’s famously associative narration is driven as much by canine-identified sensory tendencies of smell and touch as it is by human cognitive difference, and the folkloric interludes central to Their Eyes Were Watching God are catalyzed by the work-debilitated body of a mule. Few scholars have recognized the extent to which disability and animality are entangled as aesthetic categories, because each field has typically disavowed the other: disability studies makes “full humanity” a goal while assuming the inferiority of nonhumans, and animal studies often elevates nonhuman species by emphasizing their intelligence and physical abilities. My project bridges this impasse by showing how disability and animality come together to push language and literature in new directions, revealing an unrecognized literary tradition in which narratorial capacity, ethical consideration, and even access to the text do not depend on supposedly human-defining abilities like spoken language and written literacy.

Eyetracking applications are becoming more and more common. Applications such as monitoring a driver's focus on the road and behavior of customers in a store are just a few examples. For a long time, eye tracking has been expensive and too complex to make all kinds of applications. Thanks to the recent explosion in camera sensor technology it is possible to develop eye trackers cheaper and better. However, developing and testing these sensors requires advanced algorithms. These algorithms are then tested by a variety of people to confirm that they work. This thesis will try to see if it is possible to make robotic eyes that move like a human's eyes. This project includes a detailed process for developing a human- robotic head. Implemented movements on the robot are Saccader and smooth- pursuit with potential for Vergence movements and Vestibulo-ocular movements and microsaccades. The robot head could be used instead of a person for Eyetrackers. The report contains how the author developed the electronics to power the robotic human head. The electronics scheme is discussed and developed. The model of how the robot head and its eyes moves are explained and then implemented. The thesis also contains an explanation of the software used. With this project, it will make it easier to invent and develop good Eye trackers. / Applicationer med Eyetracking börjar bli mer och mer vanliga. Applikationer som att övervaka en chaförs fokus på vägen samt beteende hos kunder i en butik är bara ett få exempel. Under lång tid har ögonspårning varit dyrt och för komplex för att göra alla möjliga applikationer. Tack vare den senaste tidens explosion i teknik i kamerasensor går det att utveckla ögonspårare billigare och bättre. Men att utveckla och testa dessa sensorer kräver avancerade algoritmer. Dessa algoritmer testas sedan av en mängd personer för att bekräfta att de fungerar. Denna avhandling kommer att försöka se om det är möjligt att göra robotögon som rör sig som en människas ögon. Detta projekt innehåller en detaljerad process för att utveckla ett mänskligt robot huvud. Implementerade rörelser på roboten är Saccader och smoothpursuit med potentioal för Vergence-rörelser och Vestibulo-okulära rörelser och microsaccades. Robothuvudet skulle kunna användas istället för en person för Eyetrackers. Rapporten innehåller hur författaren utvecklat elektroniken för att driva det robotiska mänskliga huvudet. Elektronik-schemat diskuteras och utvecklas. Modellen av hur robothuvudet och dess ögon förklaras och sedan implementeras. I avhandlingen finns även en förklaring av den programvara som används. Med detta projekt kommer det bli lättare att ta fram och utveckla bra Eyetrackers

According to the World Health Organization, in 1980 there was 108 millions diabetes patients around the world, and in 2014 the number increased to 422 millions. This is a percentage rise from 4,7 to 8,5 in the same time period. According to the report Vision 2020, about 5% of the blindness in the world is contributed to diabetic retinopathy. 4% of these people will never get treated for their diseases. Different people get different treatments depending on where they are in the world. The different costs mainly depend on available equipment, salaries, and countries currency stand on the world market. Out of 37 million cases of blindness, about 1.8 million are related to diabetic retinopathy. After 15 years of carrying this disease 2% will be blind and 10% will have severe visual loss. 20 years down the line of having diabetes, 75% will have some form of diabetic retinopathy. Governments, insurance companies and health facilities around the world have trouble keeping up with the costs and availability of medical personnel for treatment of patients. There is a need for a new way of thinking. An alternative. A cheap, reliable and quick method of discovering diseased at its earlier stages that will dramatically lower the cost and pressure on the health industry. The mobile phone application market is a somewhat untapped market when it comes medical equipment. To relieve the absence of this kind of application the Diabetic Eye Screening program was created. The application maps anomalies within the retina and provides statistical data for the patients in their own mobile phones and tablets without any need of meeting medical professionals. The information can safely and reliably be shared between partners quickly for evaluation of a patient's immediate health status. / Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen fanns det under 1980-talet 108 miljoner diabetespatienter runt om i världen och 2014 höjdes antalet till 422 miljoner. Detta är en procentuell ökning från 4,7 till 8,5 under samma tidsperiod. Enligt rapporten Vision 2020 bidrar cirka 5% av blindheten i världen till diabetisk retinopati. 4% av dessa människor kommer aldrig att bli behandlade för deras sjukdom. Olika människor får olika behandlingar beroende på var de är i världen. De olika kostnaderna beror främst på tillgänglig utrustning, löner och länders valutor på världsmarknaden. Av 37 miljoner fall av blindhet är ca 1,8 miljoner relaterade till diabetisk retinopati. Efter 15 år med denna sjukdom kommer 2% att vara blinda och 10% kommer att ha en allvarlig visuell förlust. Vid 20 års av diabetes kommer 75% att få någon form av diabetisk retinopati. Regeringar, försäkringsbolag och sjukhus runt om i världen har problem med att hålla nere kostnaderna och bidra med tillgänglighet av medicinsk personal för behandling av patienter. Det finns ett behov av ett nytt sätt att tänka. Ett alternativ. En billig, tillförlitlig och snabb metod att upptäcka sjukdomar i tidigt skede kommer dramatiskt sänka kostnader och minska på trycket i vården behövs. Mobilapplikations marknaden är något av en outnyttjad marknad när det gäller medicinsk utrustning. För att avhjälpa frånvaron av denna typ av applikation skapades Diabetic Eye Screeningprogrammet. Applikationen kartlägger avvikelser i näthinnan och ger statistiska data för patienterna i sina egna mobiltelefoner och tablets utan att behöva möta medicinsk personal. Informationen kan på ett säkert och tillförlitligt sätt snabbt delas mellan partner för utvärdering av patientens omedelbara hälsotillstånd.

[pt] Esta pesquisa analisa a possível alusão a Gn 3,7 (LXX) na expressão abriram-se os seus olhos, utilizada por Lucas em Lc 24,31, no episódio dos discípulos de Emaús. A partir dessa referência, o texto lucano desponta como um epílogo ao relato da queda original: no Éden os olhos de Adão e Eva se abriram de modo impróprio, e por sua desobediência constataram sua nudez; em Emaús, ao contrário, os olhos dos discípulos se abriram da maneira certa, e reconheceram o Senhor ressuscitado. Destaca-se a semelhança entre o estado de desânimo dos primeiros pais, ao fim do relato da queda, e dos discípulos de Emaús no início do episódio. Ressalta-se também a importância da iniciativa dos discípulos de convidar Jesus a permanecer, não apenas pela hospitalidade, mas a fim de desfazer a esquiva dos primeiros pais, que se esconderam de Deus em razão de seu pecado. Por fim, a referida aproximação reforça a teoria de que a companhia de Cléofas fosse sua própria esposa, formando um casal. / [en] This research seeks to analyze the possible allusion to Gen 3,7 (LXX) in the expression their eyes were opened, used by Luke in Lk 24,31, in the episode of the disciples of Emmaus. Based on this reference, the Lucan text emerges as an epilogue to the account of the original fall: in Eden the eyes of Adam and Eve were improperly opened, and due to their disobedience they found their nakedness; in Emmaus, on the contrary, the disciples eyes were opened in the right way, and they recognized the risen Lord. The similarity between the state of dismay of the first parents, at the end of the account of the fall, and that of the disciples of Emmaus at the beginning of the episode stands out. The importance of the disciples initiative to invite Jesus to stay is also highlighted, not only for hospitality, but in order to undo the dodge of the first parents, who hid from God because of their sin. Finally, the aforementioned approximation reinforces the theory that Clophas company was his own wife, forming a couple.