Constructing Arctic Sovereignty: Rules, Policy and Governance 1494--‐201 is a meta-narrative of the development of state sovereignty in the Arctic. It investigates the evolution of the rules of the international system over the longue durée, in so far as they frame Arctic sovereignty. It examines in particular the increasing importance of the legal dimension of territory and the transitions that have occurred with the introduction of new rules used by states to establish sovereignty. The thesis analyses the policy of the United States, Canada and Russia as they pursue their national interests in the region with reference to (and at times in contravention of) international rules and codes, and it situates governance within the framework of the international system as a mechanism for states to pursue their interests in the Arctic beyond their sovereign borders. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge through its distinctive methodology and theoretical approach, as well as through its analysis of primary materials. Using the pillars of a constructivist research framework including rules and interests over the longue durée to develop a meta- narrative of Arctic sovereignty, it situates contemporary Arctic foreign policy and governance within the evolving framework of the international system, identifying imperialism as a common thread in the relationship between the Arctic states and Arctic territory. It concludes that the expansion of sovereignty over this new territory represents the continuation of imperialism within the international system by states, perpetuating an asymmetric relationship that allows states to absorb this territory for the purposes of resource exploitation in the pursuit of national interests with international cooperation maintaining the primacy of the Arctic states within the region.

This work explores the techniques of printing and preparation, in combination with technical mistakes. It aims to show how to use technical mistakes in different printing and preparation techniques as a design method to find accidental aesthetic expressions using the stripe as a tool to enhance and clarify the methods modification. The method confronts today’s textile industry by showing how these mistakes could develop into new expressions within textile design when fast -fashion is no longer an obligation. The stripe is a common shape, and is explored to clarify the method ans show how different techniques can change the stripes in various ways. This resulted in to three pieces each representing a technique; one transfer printed, one digital printed and one with the starting point in screen print. They present examples of how more time for developing mistakes in textile design can lead to development of the common shape of a stripe, broaden the technical limitations, and give a value to mistakes in the textile industry. By taking the method further more mistakes could be developed, and how to produce the developed designs in the industry could be investigated.

The backbone of our industrialised society and economy is electricity. To avoid a catastrophic situation, a plan for how to act during a power shortage is crucial. Previous research shows that decision models provide support to decision makers providing efficient energy rationing during power shortages in the Netherlands, United States and Canada. The existing research needs to be expanded with a group decision model to enable group decisions. This study is conducted with a case study approach where the Swedish emergency preparedness plan in case of power shortage, named Styrel, is explored and used to evaluate properties of a proposed group decision model. The study consist of a qualitative phase and a quantitative phase including a Monte Carlo simulation of group decisions in Styrel evaluated with correlation analysis. The qualitative results show that participants in Styrel experience the group decisions as time-consuming and unstructured. The current decision support is not used in neither of the two counties included in the study, with the motivation that the preferences provided by the decision support are misleading. The proposed group decision model include a measurable value function assigning values to priority classes for electricity users, an additive model to represent preferences of individual decision makers and an additive group decision model to aggregate preferences of several individual decision makers into a group decision. The conducted simulation indicate that the proposed group decision model evaluated in Styrel is sensitive to significant changes and more robust to moderate changes in preference differences between priority classes.

Läroboken styr till stor del vilket innehåll som behandlas i matematikundervisningen. Med detta i åtanke har fem svenska läroboksserier har utsatts för en latent och manifest innehållsanalys av hur de presenterar de aritmetiska räknelagarna och räknereglerna. I studien framkommer både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data. Den kvantitativa datan indikerar att få läroboksserier tar upp associativa och distributiva lagen explicit. Den kvalitativa datan pekar på att räknelagarna ofta beskrivs i andra sammanhang. Flera exempel i läroböckerna gör generaliseringar som riskerar leda till begränsad förståelse för räknelagarna och räknereglerna. / In mathematics education textbooks to a large extent determine what is offered for students to be learnt. With this in mind, in this study, five Swedish textbooks series is reviewed in a latent and manifest content analysis approach where both quantitative and qualitative data is presented. The result of the quantitative data indicate that only a few textbooks series mentions the associative and distributive law in explicit manners. The result of the qualitative data shows that the basic laws of arithmetic is often described in other contexts. Many examples in the textbooks makes generalizations that may lead to limited understanding of the basic laws and rules of arithmetic.

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現今企業在面臨市場需求快速變化、接單多樣化，及交貨期短的多重壓力下， 無不致力於改善作業流程以求獲利極大化，尤其是現場生產排程規劃一直是相當複雜而難以管理的部分。現行的軟體例如：企業資源規劃(ERP)、供應鏈管理(SCM)，即是希望藉由資訊科技以解決複雜的生產排程問題。 然而，大部分企業在使用這些系統時都發現，由於缺乏有效的現場管制功能(Shop Floor Control)，使得這些系統的效能受到很大的限制，而目前大多數的現場排程問題為零工式生產問題(Job Shop Problem)。 過去在零工式生產問題的理論上雖有許多傑出的研究，但研究與現場實際的問題之間有許多差異。其中最大的差異在於過去研究所使用的零工式生產問題假設所有的工作會以不同的流程經過所有的機器，然而在現場實際的零工式生產問題中卻顯示每一機器所處理的工作數目變異非常大。現場零工式生產生產排程問題包括兩個主要特性：1、每一工件可以擁有不等之操作數目；2、事先知道某些機器為瓶頸機器。本研究分別針對此兩個特性設計實驗一：產生工件擁有’等操作數’與’不等操作數’的問題；與實驗二：’無瓶頸機器’與’有瓶頸機器’的問題。在實驗中，我們以三個因素：工件數、機器數、和操作時間變異，模擬產生18種不同的狀況。然後以7種評量準則比較50個常用的派工法則在不同狀況下的表現。 研究結果發現，在實驗一與實驗二中，理論與實際現場排程問題在派工法則的表現上確實有極大的差異。本研究將這些其差異加以分析，並嘗試整理出一些規則以提供現場的使用者在面對不同狀況下選擇適當之派工法則的依據。我們相信本研究的成果不論對理論研究者、現場工程師、或生管軟體系統開發者都有極大價值。

<p>This study is about care managers, who process in the care of the elderly, regarding to needs, rules, regulations, guidelines and their freedom of space.</p><p> </p><p>The purpose with this study is to understand how the care managers process out of the basis from the needs of the elderly, the municipal guidelines in relation to the caremanagers freedom of space.</p><p>The study has a qualitative approach and is based on semistructured interviews with five different care managers.</p><p>To analyze our interview material we have use the street-level bureaucrat theory by Lipsky and Johansson and the theoretical idea<em> empowerment.</em></p><p> </p><p>Before we started our research about care managers we had an understanding in that the organization had an influence in the judgment of the needs of the elderly. Now we have an understanding in that the relative to the elderly is the one who wants to affect the care manager during the judgment of needs in what effort to make.</p><p> </p><p>Our study indicates that it exist insecurity regarding to the municipal guidelines, which was surprising. We thought that the guideline was something positive and a help full tool for the care managers.</p><p>The result in our research points out that the guidelines makes insecurity instead of comfort.</p><p>Our study shows that the care managers are contradictory regarding to their freedom of space. In the other hand they consider that their freedom of space is positive, but on the other hand when the municipal guidelines don´t work, they become worried and insecure.</p><p>It´s the none working municipal guidelines who gives the care managers a huge freedom of space. Which leads to that the care managers is afraid of doing misjudgments.</p><p> </p><p>Our result don´t distinguish from other studies made in this subject area.</p><p> </p>

Adaptive tutorial dialogues have been successfully employed by ITSs to facilitate deep learning of conceptual domain knowledge. But none of the approaches used for generating dialogues have been used across instructional domains and tasks. The objective of this project was twofold: (i) to propose a general model that provides adaptive dialogue support in both well- and ill-defined instructional tasks (ii) to explore whether adaptive tutorial dialogues are better than non-adaptive dialogues in acquiring domain knowledge. Our model provides adaptive dialogue support by identifying the concepts that the student has most difficulty with, and then selecting the tutorial dialogues corresponding to those concepts. The dialogues are customised based on the student’s knowledge and explanation skills, in terms of the length and the exact content of the dialogue. The model consists of three parts: an error hierarchy, tutorial dialogues and rules for adapting them. We incorporated our model into EER-Tutor, a constraint-based tutor that teaches database design. The effectiveness of adaptive dialogues compared to non-adaptive dialogues in learning this ill-defined task was evaluated in an authentic classroom environment. The results revealed that the acquisition of the domain knowledge (represented as constraints) of the experimental group who received adaptive dialogues was significantly higher than their peers in the control group with non-adaptive dialogues. We also incorporated our model into NORMIT, a constraint-based tutor that teaches data normalization. We repeated the experiment using NORMIT in a real-world class room environment with a much smaller group of students (18 in NORMIT study vs 65 in EER-Tutor study) but did not find significant differences. We also investigated whether our model could support dialogues in logical database design and fraction addition using paper-based methods. Our evaluation studies and investigations on paper indicated that our model can provide adaptive support for both ill-and well-defined tasks associated with a well-defined domain theory. The results also indicated that adaptive dialogues are more effective than non-adaptive dialogues in teaching the ill-defined task of database design.

A systematic investigation of the human mind's ability to self-reflect and create private interpretations of sensory data has been handicapped for years by conceptual prejudice and methodological bias. Until the arrival of the cognitive behavior therapists, little empirical attention was directed to the development of a methodology adequate enough to investigate the influence that distorted cognitive interpretations have on emotional arousal and inhibited behavioral performance. This study investigated these self-reflective mental capabilities in terms of outcome expectancies which were conceptualized in terms of guilt, and self-perceptions of performance ability which were conceptualized in terms of successfully refusing unreasonable requests. It was hypothesized that guilt entails both emotional arousal as well as the distorted and fabricated cognitive perceptions of tragic expectation, causal attribution and self-perceived helplessness and that these perceptions influence behavioral performance and self-perceptions of performance ability. It was also hypothesized that guilt relates significantly to resentment and depression. Seventy-three subjects volunteered to participate: fifty-eight women and fifteen men with a mean age of thirty-three. Subjects responded to both self-report questionnaires and open-ended self-report interviews. Seven independent raters judged the participant's responses to eight tape recorded stimulus situations to determine to what extent the responses fit the hypothesized categories. A stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The results were summarized and placed in tables. The results of the study supported the five hypotheses developed to test the general question.

Monte Carlo sampling-based methods are frequently used in stochastic programming when exact solution is not possible. In this dissertation, we develop two sets of Monte Carlo sampling-based algorithms to solve classes of two-stage stochastic programs. These algorithms follow a sequential framework such that a candidate solution is generated and evaluated at each step. If the solution is of desired quality, then the algorithm stops and outputs the candidate solution along with an approximate (1 - α) confidence interval on its optimality gap. The first set of algorithms proposed, which we refer to as the fixed-width sequential sampling methods, generate a candidate solution by solving a sampling approximation of the original problem. Using an independent sample, a confidence interval is built on the optimality gap of the candidate solution. The procedures stop when the confidence interval width plus an inflation factor falls below a pre-specified tolerance epsilon. We present two variants. The fully sequential procedures use deterministic, non-decreasing sample size schedules, whereas in another variant, the sample size at the next iteration is determined using current statistical estimates. We establish desired asymptotic properties and present computational results. In another set of sequential algorithms, we combine deterministically valid and sampling-based bounds. These algorithms, labeled sampling-based sequential approximation methods, take advantage of certain characteristics of the models such as convexity to generate candidate solutions and deterministic lower bounds through Jensen's inequality. A point estimate on the optimality gap is calculated by generating an upper bound through sampling. The procedure stops when the point estimate on the optimality gap falls below a fraction of its sample standard deviation. We show asymptotically that this algorithm finds a solution with a desired quality tolerance. We present variance reduction techniques and show their effectiveness through an empirical study.