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The thesis deals with the literary production reflecting the 1950s in Czechoslovakia in terms of books published within the years 2000 to 2010. Based on the dominant discourse's analysis, reflection of this period in print media compares the way discourse penetrates the literary speech and also the way of their contrast. The author, giving the wide cross-section of released books, tries to maintain the opinion that projection of the 1950s is happening thanks to a myth created contrary to the construction myth. For this reason the literary speech is being called the re-mythologization reflection of the 1950s. Another goal of this work is to find neuralgic points of the myth and to decode their function - whether ideological or social. During the mapping of the books concerning in 1950s the attentions is paid to the texts that try to disturb the re-mythologization dominant literary speech described in detail. In connection with a slight representation of resembling texts author attempts to discover the causes of the non-existent need to see a different point of view in history through literature. Key words: 1950s, literary speech, discourse, myth, power, ideology, function

Im Leistungssport wird Techniktraining täglich geplant und bewertet. Gerade die Änderungen in Regeln oder Technikentwicklungen machen Tischtennis zu einem interessanten Anwendungsfeld, wie ein Techniktraining verbessert werden kann. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit lag nicht nur auf den einzelnen Techniken, sondern ebenfalls darauf wie Übergänge zwischen den Techniken selbst optimiert werden können. Dazu wurde eine Diagnostik für die Techniken und Übergänge (Tischtennis Technikwechsel Leistungsdiagnostik) entwickelt, geprüft und verbessert. Aus den Ergebnissen der Diagnostik wurde eine Intervention der Techniken konzipiert (Phase I), die anschließend selbst- und fremdevaluiert wurde (Phase II). Die Erfahrungen der Intervention der Techniken und deren Evaluation wurden benutzt, um in einer Phase III eine zielgerichtete Trainingsmaßnahme zur Optimierung der Technikübergänge zu gestalten und zu evaluieren. Die Verbesserungen der Interventionsstichprobe gegenüber einer ebenfalls trainierenden Evaluationsstichprobe in kinematischen Analysen der Bewegungen und Trefferleistungen bestätigten die Hypothesen zu einer verbesserten Erreichung der Sollwertvorstellung. Trainingswettkämpfe sowie kurz- und langfristige videobasierte Wettkampfanalysen kamen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Trainingseffekte auch die Wettkampfleistungen langfristig beeinflussen. Über die konkreten Fragestellungen des Forschungsprojektes hinaus konnten das theoretische Verständnis für sensomotorische Kontrollprozesse bei schnellen Bewegungen sowie methodologische Konsequenzen von langfristigen Evaluationsstudien erarbeitet werden. Ein Praxisteil mit Empfehlungen für die Planung von konkreten Trainingsinhalten schließt die Arbeit ab. / In high level sports is the training of techniques is an everyday event. Table tennis seems an appropriate game based on recent rule changes and developments in techniques, to evaluate how to improve technical training. The focus of this work lies on the training of techniques itself as well as the training of transitions between techniques. To test that a diagnostic (table tennis performance diagnostic for technique transitions) was developed and evaluated. The results from the diagnostic lead to conceptualize an intervention and its evaluation of techniques (phase 1) that was evaluated by inside- group and outside-group evaluators (phase 2). The experience with this intervention and evaluation was used in phase 3 to development trainings and evaluations for the transitions between techniques. The improved performance of the trainings group was superior to an evaluation group with the same training amount in respect of kinematical changes of the movements as well as with accuracy of the ball locations in respect to the assumed changes. Analyses of training competitions as well as videobased evaluations of short-term and long-term performances in real competitions demonstrated that these changes influence positively the overall performance. In addition to these results, the work helped to understand sensorimotor control processes of fast movements and methodological issues of long-term evaluation studies in high level sports. Finally consequences of this research were build in proposed training sessions.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die prädiktive und reaktive Anpassungsfähigkeit älterer Personen auf unerwartete Gangstörungen untersucht. Direkt nach der ersten unerwarteten Störung zeigten junge und ältere Personen eine ähnliche Erhöhung ihrer dynamischen Stabilität im folgenden Gangversuch zum Zeitpunkt kurz vor der erwarteten Gangstörung im Vergleich zu normalem Gang. Ältere Personen können also ihre Fähigkeit zur schnellen prädiktiven Anpassung der dynamischen Stabilität als Reaktion auf Gangstörungen beibehalten. Wiederholte unerwartete Gangstörungen wurden ebenfalls bei beiden Altersgruppen mit einem verbesserten Stabilitätszustand bewältigt. Ältere Personen zeigten allerdings tendenziell eine geringere reaktive Adaptation verglichen mit den jüngeren. Mittels einer Interventionsstudie wurde weiter untersucht, ob ältere Personen lernen können, auf Stabilitätsstörungen besser zu reagieren. Zwei Trainingsgruppen (ST, MT) trainierten zweimal wöchentlich für 14 Wochen und führten Übungen durch, die Mechanismen der dynamischen Stabilität enthielten. ST trainierte diese Übungen für jeweils 90min, während MT diese nur für 45min ausübte und in der verbleibenden Zeit noch Krafttraining für die unteren Extremitäten durchführte. Die Kontrollgruppe führte kein Training durch und zeigte auch keinerlei Stabilitätsveränderungen im Vergleich prä- zu post-Messung. Nach der Intervention war für ST die Stabilität nach der Gangstörung signifikant erhöht im Vergleich zum Stabilitätszustand vor der Intervention. Die Unterstützungsfläche nach der Gangstörung wurde bei beiden Interventionsgruppen als Folge der Intervention vergrößert. Signifikante Unterschiede waren hier allerdings nur bei ST zu finden. Das Üben von Mechanismen der dynamischen Stabilität kann also zu einer verbesserten Anwendung dieser Mechanismen nach einer Gangstörung führen. Zusätzliches Krafttraining zeigt allerdings keine Vorteile gegenüber dem ausschließlichen Üben von Mechanismen der dynamischen Stabilität. / This thesis aimed to gain knowledge about the preservation of predictive as well as reactive adaptability in old adults during locomotion. Young and old subjects similarly increased their dynamic stability at touchdown of the disturbed leg (prior to the perturbation) in the trial following an unexpected perturbation compared to unaffected normal gait. This suggests that older adults preserve the ability to show fast predictive adaptations in their dynamic stability in consequence to perturbations during walking. In the course of repeated unexpected perturbations, both age groups showed an increase in their dynamic stability state after the perturbation. Older adults, however, showed a tendency towards a lower reactive adaptation magnitude compared to young adults. Furthermore, by means of an intervention study, it was investigated if older adults preserve their ability to learn improved postural reactions in consequence to perturbations in general. Therefore, two training groups (ST, MT) participated for 14 weeks, twice a week, in a training program. ST practiced exercises which included mechanisms of dynamic stability for 90min and MT for 45min whereas MT further performed 45min of strength training for the lower extremities. The control group performed no training and showed no differences in the stability between pre and post measurements. Post-intervention, dynamic stability state was significantly increased for ST compared to pre-intervention after the unexpected perturbation during walking. Both intervention groups increased their base of support of the recovery step in consequence to the perturbation after the intervention, showing significant differences only in ST. It can be concluded that exercising the mechanisms of dynamic stability may lead to a better application of these mechanisms after an unexpected gait perturbation. A mixed training program, however, shows no advantages compared to the exclusive training of the mechanisms of dynamic stability.

Das Untersuchungsziel bestand in der Klärung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit als zusätzliche Belastungsgröße im Krafttraining und als Objektivierungsgröße der Schnellkraft- und Schnellkraftausdauerfähigkeit in der Leistungsstruktur von Ausdauersportarten am Beispiel des Ruderns. Die theoretischen Annahmen und der Untersuchungsverlauf bestätigten die Relevanz einer strikten Unterscheidung zwischen biomechanischer Meßgröße (Geschwindigkeit) und der Fähigkeit (Schnelligkeit), um trainingsmethodische Fehlschlüsse zu verhindern. Als zusätzliche Belastungsdosierungsgröße im bereits bestehenden Kennziffernsystem des Krafttrainings erwies sich die Steuerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit als eine wesentliche Leistungsreserve. Mit der zusätzlichen Objektivierung und Aussteuerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit im Krafttraining erreicht die Hauptbelastungskennziffer Kraft die höhere Qualität Leistung, wodurch eine Steigerung der mechanischen Leistungsabgabe bzw. der muskelmechanischen Antriebsleistung und damit der Bewegungsleistung erfolgt. Die Differenzierungen im Kraftanstiegsverhalten zyklischer Anforderungen entsprechen analog den Erscheinungen azyklischer Bewegungen wie dem Schnellkraftindex (Werchoschanski/Tatjan 1975), der Explosiv- und Approximationskraft (Schmidtbleicher 1980) oder dem Kraftgradienten, werden aber gegenwärtig nicht im Krafttraining von Ausdauersportarten objektiviert, quantifiziert oder gar direkt gesteuert bzw. trainiert. Präzisiert für das Rudern und damit relevant für die Kraftausdauersportarten insgesamt sind die Schnellkraftausdauer und die Schnellkraft als Fähigkeit zur Kraftentfaltung in den funktionell relevanten Phasen der Einzelzyklen bis zum Erreichen der Maximalgeschwindigkeit, oder allgemeiner, als qualitative Ausprägungen des Kraftanstiegverhaltens zyklischer und azyklischer Basiskraftfähigkeiten (Kraftausdauer- und Maximalkraftfähigkeit) zu definieren / The aim of this investigation was to clarify the velocity of movement as an additional parameter of the load in strength training and as a parameter of objectivity of the power ability and the power endurance ability in the performance structure of endurance events by way of example of rowing. The theoretical assumtions and the investigations affirm the relevance of a strict differentiation between biomechanic data (velocity) and the ability (speed) in order to prevent misinterpretations in the methodology of training. The control of the velocity of movement as an additional parameter of the load dosage within the existing system of data in the strength training has proven to be an essential reserve of performance. Due to the additional objectivity and control of the movement-velocity the strenght as a major parameter of load reaches a higher quality meaning power. Thus an increase of the mechanic power or of the muscle-mechanic drive and so of the power of motion is reached. The differentiations within the force-time-path of cyclic demands are in accordance with the phenomina of non-cyclic movements such as the power-index (Werchoschanski/Tatjan 1975), the explosive strenght and the approximation strenght (Schmidtbleicher 1980) or of the gradient of force. But these phenomina are not properly regarded in the strength training of endurance events. Relevant to rowing and therefore to the strength endurance events as a whole the power endurance and the power capacitys to exert a force on the functionally relevant phases of the monocycles till the point of maximum velocity, or more generally said, the qualitative shaping of the increase of force of cyclic and non-cyclic basis-strength-abilitys (strength endurance and maximum strength abilities) are to defined.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier comment le champ littéraire latino-américain des années 50 est devenu un lieu de création symbolique alternatif. Le projet de modernisation en Amérique latine a abouti au questionnement de la représentation des sujets. Certains discours ont ainsi essayé d’intégrer des minoritaires en leur donnant la parole, comme par exemple les femmes et les paysans. Le champ littéraire a donc ouvert des espaces pour des individualités désireuses de participer à la construction d’un nouveau projet de nation, où des identités hétérogènes seraient acceptées. Dans cette perspective, nous nous intéresserons à l’œuvre de deux écrivains, Gloria Stolk et Juan Rulfo, qui dans les années 50 au Venezuela et au Mexique, ont réussi à construire un nouvel espace de création plurielle et à transformer la figure d’auteur. Notre analyse porte sur deux niveaux : l’un sur le discours de chacun et l’autre sur leur profil. D’une part, ils élaborent leur fiction sur la base de sujets qui les concernent. D’autre part, ils émergent en tant qu’auteurs avec de multiples facettes. / This research centers its study in how the Latin-American literature in the 50’s became a place of alternative symbolic creation. The modernization project in Latin-America resulted in the questioning of the subject representation. Some speeches intended to combine minorities, like women and peasants. The literary field has thus opened space for individuals willing to participate in the development of new project of nation, where diversity would be accepted. From this perspective, we are interested in the work of the Venezuelan writer Gloria Stolk, and Mexican Juan Rulfo. During the 50’s, they were able to establish a new space that diversify and transform the traditional role of the author. The analysis in this study considers two dimensions: the speeches and the profiles of these two authors. On one side they developed fiction around characters of their interest, on the other side they emerged as authors with multiple roles

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T12:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MENDES BORGES.pdf: 672484 bytes, checksum: 374e1f0c9179523168dd6f86b8d8f8e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T12:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MENDES BORGES.pdf: 672484 bytes, checksum: 374e1f0c9179523168dd6f86b8d8f8e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / The object of study of this research is the pericope of Isaiah 50: 4-7, the hearing of the Word of God and its effects on the hearer. It is proposed that the spirituality of the First Testament, and is summed up in hearing and living from the Word. It is concluded that this practice is present in the prophetism, in its fruits, or important effects during the mission. The reference for this research is the Third Song of the Suffering Servant, which is in the Second Isaiah, and expresses the prophet's mission to the exiled people. By listening daily to the Word of God, it brings comfort and hope to this situation of oppression. For this, the analysis of the text with its textual, literary, historical, editorial and current critical context is carried out in this research. It follows the context of the time of Second Isaiah in the Babylonian Exile. It ends with the application of this pericope for today when we see the effects of hearing the Word. The Servant is faithful even in the midst of suffering and experiences the effects of the Word of God thus becoming a parameter for those who announce it today. / O Objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é a perícope de Isaías 50,4-7, a audição da Palavra de Deus e seus efeitos em quem a ouve. Propõe-se que a espiritualidade do Primeiro Testamento, e se resume em ouvir e viver a partir da Palavra. Conclui-se que esta prática está presente no profetismo, em seus frutos, ou efeitos importantes durante a missão. A referência para esta pesquisa é o Terceiro Canto do Servo Sofredor, que está no Segundo Isaías, e expressa a missão do profeta junto ao povo exilado. Ao ouvir diariamente a Palavra de Deus, leva consolo e esperança para essa situação de opressão. Para tanto, realiza-se, nesta pesquisa a análise do texto com sua crítica textual, literária, histórica, redacional e contexto atual vital. Segue-se com o contexto da época do Segundo Isaías no Exílio da Babilônia. Finaliza com a aplicação desta perícope para hoje quando vemos os efeitos do ouvir a Palavra. O Servo é fiel mesmo em meio ao sofrimento e experimenta os efeitos da Palavra de Deus tornando-se assim parâmetro para os que hoje a anunciam.

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease in which endometrial glands and stroma are present outside the uterus. Pelvic pain, infertility and decreased quality of life are the main problems caused by this disease carrying epidemiological and social impact. Peritoneal endometriosis which is characterized by the presence of red, black and white pelvic endometriotic lesions is clearly a multifactorial pathology associated with a local inflammatory response in the pelvic cavity. In vitro studies suggest that the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-êB) is implicated in the transduction of proinflammatory signals in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement and role of the NF-êB pathway in endometriosis in vivo. Firstly, NF-êB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression were investigated in thirty-six peritoneal endometriotic lesions from women. Constitutive NF-êB activation, involving p65- and p50-containing dimers, was demonstrated in peritoneal endometriotic lesions by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershift analyses, as well as NF-êB (p65) DNA-binding activity immunodetection assays. NF-êB activation and ICAM-1 expression were significantly higher in red lesions than black lesions, while IêBá (NF-êB inhibitory protein) expression was constant, as shown by Western blot analyses. Secondly, endometriosis was induced in nude mice by intraperitoneal injection of fluorescent labeled menstrual endometrium. Two NF-êB inhibitors (BAY 11-7085 and SN-50) were injected intraperitoneally and endometriotic lesions were recovered on day 5. Both NF-êB inhibitors induced a significant reduction in lesion development compared to control mice. NF-êB activation and ICAM-1 expression of endometriotic lesions were significantly reduced in treated mice, and cell proliferation in BAY 11-7085-treated mice. Both inhibitors produced a significant increase in apoptosis of endometriotic lesions, as assessed by active caspase-3 immunostaining and the TUNEL method. In conclusion, this is the first study to show constitutive NF-êB activation in peritoneal endometriotic lesions collected from women and during the initial development of endometriotic lesions in an animal model. Differential levels of NF-êB activation have been established between red and black lesions, providing more evidence on the distinct inflammatory status of these two types of peritoneal endometriotic lesions. In addition, this study offers further insight into the pathways implicated in NF-êB activation in endometriotic lesions, showing the involvement of p50/p65 dimers and suggesting participation of the canonical pathway of NF-êB activation. This study also demonstrates, for the first time, that NF-êB inhibition reduces the initial development of endometriotic lesions by inhibiting the inflammatory response and cell proliferation, and inducing apoptosis of endometriotic lesions. The NF-êB pathway therefore looks to be a promising therapeutic target for endometriosis prevention and treatment.

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