The purpose of this study was to compare selected sixth, seventh and eighth grades mathematics textbooks from Turkey, Singapore and the United States of America and explore their implications for presenting same opportunity to learn to the students at the same grade level. In this study, the selected books were analyzed in terms of whether they included perimeter, area and volume topics, how they presented the topics on the basis of the selected features and the complexity of to-be-solved mathematical problems related to the topics. Some similarities and differences were observed among the textbooks. It was found that the Turkish textbooks are inclusive in terms of subtopics related to perimeter, area and volume. However, the number of pages dedicated to present the topics is the highest in the Singaporean textbooks. That is, in comparison to the Turkish textbooks, the Singaporean textbooks include fewer number of subtopics related to perimeter, area and volume, but the subtopics are presented in a more detail manner. These books are also rich in terms of mathematically relevant illustrations that make the topics more understandable for students. While the U.S textbooks benefit heavily from technology to present the topics, especially by using three-dimensional shapes / the Turkish and Singaporean textbooks do not make use of technology. The textbooks do not show a difference in terms of complexity of to-be-solved problems. Since all of them mostly include the problems with moderate complexity. Despite there is not any difference among the textbooks in terms of the complexity of to-be-solved problems, there is a difference in terms of the number of to-be-solved problems in the textbooks. The Singaporean textbooks encompass more to-be-solved problems compared to others. The study was concluded by providing some useful suggestions to cover the perimeter, area and volume topics in a way that makes students&rsquo / learning easier and to present same opportunity to learn to the students.

Statistical methods that integrate between-individual (IA) and within-family (FA) genetic association analyses can increase statistical power to identify disease susceptibility genes, however combining IA and FA is valid only when the IA are free of population stratification bias (PSB). Existing methods initially test for PSB by comparing IA and FA results using an arbitrary testing level αPSB, typically 5%. Combined analyses are performed if no significant PSB is detected, otherwise analyses are restricted to FA. As a novel alternative, we propose a weighted (WGT) framework that combines the estimate from the most powerful analysis subject to PSB with the most powerful robust FA estimate, using weights based on the p-value from the PSB test. The WGT approach generalizes existing methods by using a continuous weighting function that depends only on the observed PSB p-value instead of a binary one that also depends on specification of an arbitrary PSB testing level αPSB. Simulations of quantitative trait and case-control data show that in comparison to existing methods, the WGT approach has 5% type I error closer to the nominal level, increased (decreased) accuracy for larger (smaller) PSB levels, and overall increased positive predictive value. The resulting PSB correction is SNP-specific and provides a good compromise between type I error control and power in candidate gene or confirmation studies limited to few loci, when PSB is likely and there are no additional empirical data available to correct PSB. We applied the WGT approach to a case-control study of childhood leukemia and a study of diabetes complications with time-to-event outcomes derived from repeated measurements obtained over 17 years of follow-up. To directly analyze the longitudinal measurements without specification of event thresholds, we developed fully Bayesian latent change-point time (LCPT) models for IA and FA. In analogy with the WGT approach, we also considered an extended LCPT model incorporating PSB evidence in analyses combining IA and FA.

Statistical methods that integrate between-individual (IA) and within-family (FA) genetic association analyses can increase statistical power to identify disease susceptibility genes, however combining IA and FA is valid only when the IA are free of population stratification bias (PSB). Existing methods initially test for PSB by comparing IA and FA results using an arbitrary testing level αPSB, typically 5%. Combined analyses are performed if no significant PSB is detected, otherwise analyses are restricted to FA. As a novel alternative, we propose a weighted (WGT) framework that combines the estimate from the most powerful analysis subject to PSB with the most powerful robust FA estimate, using weights based on the p-value from the PSB test. The WGT approach generalizes existing methods by using a continuous weighting function that depends only on the observed PSB p-value instead of a binary one that also depends on specification of an arbitrary PSB testing level αPSB. Simulations of quantitative trait and case-control data show that in comparison to existing methods, the WGT approach has 5% type I error closer to the nominal level, increased (decreased) accuracy for larger (smaller) PSB levels, and overall increased positive predictive value. The resulting PSB correction is SNP-specific and provides a good compromise between type I error control and power in candidate gene or confirmation studies limited to few loci, when PSB is likely and there are no additional empirical data available to correct PSB. We applied the WGT approach to a case-control study of childhood leukemia and a study of diabetes complications with time-to-event outcomes derived from repeated measurements obtained over 17 years of follow-up. To directly analyze the longitudinal measurements without specification of event thresholds, we developed fully Bayesian latent change-point time (LCPT) models for IA and FA. In analogy with the WGT approach, we also considered an extended LCPT model incorporating PSB evidence in analyses combining IA and FA.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_dc_me_jabo.pdf: 1707894 bytes, checksum: 78b531609f101e5bffe3a90c478d894b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Foi avaliado o efeito de dois probióticos adicionados à ração comercial (40%PB), no desempenho produtivo e fisiológico de rã-touro Rana catesbeiana . O teste foi conduzido com duas doses de cada probiótico (5g/kg e 10g/kg de alimento) mais um grupo controle com três réplicas simultâneas, totalizando 5 tratamentos. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso (GP), a conversão alimentar (CA), as análises hematológicas, como contagem diferencial de leucócitos, número de eritrócitos, contagem total de leucócitos e de trombócitos, determinação da porcentagem de hematócrito, determinação da taxa de hemoglobina, os índices hematimétricos absolutos (VCM, HCM e CHCM) e análises imunológicas como capacidade fagocítica e índice fagocítico. Os resultados mostraram que os probióticos produziram efeito no ganho de peso de Rana catesbeiana até atingirem 200g e também na conversão alimentar, influenciando somente nos números absolutos dos basófilos nos parâmetros hematológicos dos animais. As análises imunológicas mostraram que os probióticos apresentaram efeito imunoestimulador. Palavras-chave: ranicultura, análises hematológicas, análises imunológicas. / It was evaluated the effect of two probiotics added in the commercial ration (40%CP), in the productive and physiological performance of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The test was lead with two doses of each probiotic (5g/Kg and 10g/Kg of food) plus a control group with three repetictions totalizing 5 treatments. Was evaluated the weight gain, feed conversion, hematological analyses as differential counting of leucocytes, counting of erytrocyte's number, total counting of leucocytes and trombocytes, determination of the hematocryts, and haemoglobin tax, absolute hematimetrycs indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) and imunological analyses as fagocytical capacity and fagocytic index. The results had shown that the probiotics produced effect in the weight gain of Rana catesbeiana until reaching 200g, and in the feed conversion, only influencing in the absolute numbers of the basophils in the hematological parameters of the animals. The imunological analyses had shown that the probiotics had presented imunostimulator effect.

Resumo: Foi avaliado o efeito de dois probióticos adicionados à ração comercial (40%PB), no desempenho produtivo e fisiológico de rã-touro Rana catesbeiana . O teste foi conduzido com duas doses de cada probiótico (5g/kg e 10g/kg de alimento) mais um grupo controle com três réplicas simultâneas, totalizando 5 tratamentos. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso (GP), a conversão alimentar (CA), as análises hematológicas, como contagem diferencial de leucócitos, número de eritrócitos, contagem total de leucócitos e de trombócitos, determinação da porcentagem de hematócrito, determinação da taxa de hemoglobina, os índices hematimétricos absolutos (VCM, HCM e CHCM) e análises imunológicas como capacidade fagocítica e índice fagocítico. Os resultados mostraram que os probióticos produziram efeito no ganho de peso de Rana catesbeiana até atingirem 200g e também na conversão alimentar, influenciando somente nos números absolutos dos basófilos nos parâmetros hematológicos dos animais. As análises imunológicas mostraram que os probióticos apresentaram efeito imunoestimulador. Palavras-chave: ranicultura, análises hematológicas, análises imunológicas. / Abstract: It was evaluated the effect of two probiotics added in the commercial ration (40%CP), in the productive and physiological performance of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The test was lead with two doses of each probiotic (5g/Kg and 10g/Kg of food) plus a control group with three repetictions totalizing 5 treatments. Was evaluated the weight gain, feed conversion, hematological analyses as differential counting of leucocytes, counting of erytrocyte's number, total counting of leucocytes and trombocytes, determination of the hematocryts, and haemoglobin tax, absolute hematimetrycs indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) and imunological analyses as fagocytical capacity and fagocytic index. The results had shown that the probiotics produced effect in the weight gain of Rana catesbeiana until reaching 200g, and in the feed conversion, only influencing in the absolute numbers of the basophils in the hematological parameters of the animals. The imunological analyses had shown that the probiotics had presented imunostimulator effect. / Orientador: Marta Verardino De Stéfani / Coorientador: Cláudia Maris Ferreira / Banca: Maria José Tavares Ranzani de Paiva / Banca: Fernando Corleto Maiorino / Mestre

Orientador: Helena Maria Andre Bollini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_VileneBraga_D.pdf: 1017565 bytes, checksum: 3e2f8c9e34708fbc423f2f9e619b06bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O cupuaçu, fruta de sabor exótico e agradável, rico em potássio e pectina, é uma das principais e mais promissoras frutas cultivadas na região amazônica, sendo utilizado na produção de polpas, sucos, sorvetes, doces e cosméticos. Devido ao longo período de entresafra e a perecibilidade dos frutos, se faz necessária a busca de técnicas que melhor conservem o produto, como a produção de polpas congeladas, sucos e néctares. Na elaboração de sucos dietéticos ou light, a adição de edulcorantes no lugar da sacarose pode ser fator significativo na qualidade do produto final, já que os açúcares interferem na percepção da acidez e sabor global. Os edulcorantes apresentam comportamento sensorial diferenciado para cada tipo de aplicação, sendo necessária a utilização de diferentes técnicas sensoriais para a escolha do edulcorante mais adequado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar o perfil sensorial do suco tropical de cupuaçu de valor calórico reduzido adoçado com diferentes edulcorantes, tendo a sacarose como referência, através de análises sensoriais. Foram obtidos 6 lotes de suco de cupuaçu a partir de 3 polpas comerciais de cupuaçu supercongeladas. Uma das polpas (P1) foi utilizada como referência para a preparação de sucos adoçados com sacarose e os edulcorantes (sucralose, aspartame e estévia). As polpas P2 e P3 foram adoçadas apenas com sacarose. Foram realizadas determinações físicoquímicas (pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, sólidos totais, determinação de cor e ácido ascórbico), determinação da doçura ideal e equivalência de doçura para suco de cupuaçu, análise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ), análise tempo-intensidade (ATI, avaliando os estímulos doce, amargo e sabor de fruta), testes de aceitação e mapa de preferência. Os resultados obtidos para a ADQ e a ATI foram avaliados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA), teste de médias de Tukey e análise dos componentes principais (ACP), utilizando o programa SAS. A doçura ideal determinada para o suco de cupuaçu adoçado com sacarose foi de 8%. A sucralose apresentou a maior potência edulcorante no suco, sendo 500 vezes mais doce que a sacarose, enquanto a estévia apresentou o menor poder edulcorante, apenas 89 vezes mais doce do que a sacarose. Na ADQ, o aspartame e a sucralose exibiram médias semelhantes para todos os atributos, apresentando significativamente as maiores intensidades para o atributo gosto doce. Já a estévia apresentou médias maiores para amargor e amargor residual. Na ATI, a estévia apresentou a maior intensidade máxima para o amargor, persistindo por um longo período, confirmando a presença de amargor residual intenso na amostra. Sacarose, aspartame e sucralose apresentaram médias baixas para intensidade do amargor. Em relação ao estímulo sabor de fruta, a sacarose exibiu a maior intensidade máxima, enquanto a estévia apresentou a menor. O aspartame e a sucralose foram os edulcorantes que mais se aproximaram do comportamento sensorial da sacarose, apresentando maior aceitação e intenção de compra do produto. O mapa de preferência explicou 70,43% das variações observadas. As menores médias de aceitação foram obtidas para a estévia, indicando que a não aceitação do produto está diretamente relacionada ao sabor amargo e amargor residual da amostra / Abstract: Cupuaçu, fruit with an exotic flavour, rich in potassium and pectin, is one of the leading and most pleasant promising fruit grown in the Amazon region, used in the production of pulps, juices, ice cream, conserves and cosmetics. Due to the long period between harvests and the considerable perishability of the fruits, it is necessary to search for techniques that best preserve the product, such as frozen pulps, juices and nectars. In the elaboration of dietetic or light juices, the substitution of sucrose by sweeteners can be a significant factor in final product quality, since the sugars interfere with the perception of acidity and overall flavour. Sweeteners present differentiated sensory behaviour in each type of application, the use of different sensory techniques being required to choose the most adequate one in each case. The objective of the present study was to trace the sensory profile of reduced calorie tropical cupuaçu juice sweetened with various sweeteners, by way of physical-chemical and sensory analyses. The cupuaçu juice was divided into 6 batches, and 3 commercial super-frozen pulps were used. One of the pulps (P1) was used as the reference to prepare juices sweetened with sucrose and the sweeteners (sucralose, aspartame and stevia). Pulps P2 and P3 were only sweetened with sucrose. Physical-chemical analyses (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total solids, colour determination and ascorbic acid) were carried out, and also the determination of the ideal sweetness and sweetness equivalence for cupuaçu juice, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), timeintensity analysis (TIA, evaluating the stimuli of sweet, bitter and fruity taste), acceptance tests and preference map. The results obtained in the QDA and TIA were statistically analysed using ANOVA, Tukey¿s means test and PCA, using the SAS programme. The ideal sweetness for cupuaçu juice sweetened with sucrose was shown to be that produced with 8% added sucrose. Sucralose presented the greatest sweetening power in the juice, being 500 times sweeter than sucrose, whereas stevia showed the lowest sweetening power, only 89 times sweeter than sucrose. In the QDA, aspartame and sucralose showed similar means for all the attributes, showing significantly greater intensities for the attribute of sweet taste. On the other hand, stevia showed significantly higher means for bitter taste and aftertaste, differing significantly from all the other samples (p<0.05). In the TIA, stevia presented the greatest maximum intensity for bitter taste, which persisted for a long period, confirming the presence of a strong bitter aftertaste in the sample. Sucrose, aspartame and sucralose showed low means for the intensity of bitter taste in the cupuaçu juice. With respect to the fruity taste stimulus, sucrose showed the highest maximum and stevia the lowest value. Aspartame and sucralose showed the closest sensory behaviour to that of sucrose, presenting the highest product acceptance and buying intention. The preference map explained 70,43% of the variations in sample acceptance observed. The lowest acceptance means were obtained with stevia, indicating that the non-acceptance of the product was directly related to the bitter taste and aftertaste of the sample / Doutorado / Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos / Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição

Orientador: Carolina María Rodríguez Zuccolillo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T15:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_VeraLuciada_D.pdf: 3051465 bytes, checksum: d0fbce18ca52411910bd485cc36085e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, desenvolvida pela perspectiva teórica da Análise de Discurso materialista (AD), tem como objetivo analisar um arquivo de cartas produzidas por indivíduos interpelados pela posição-sujeito presidiário que se utilizam da escrita epistolar como instrumento de manutenção do vínculo social com instituições e pessoas "livres". Nesse arquivo, os discursos foram delineando trilhas rumo a questões que permeiam a sociedade e também o espaço prisional, enquanto componente do Aparelho Repressor do Estado (ARE) Althusser (2008). Diante do aparato jurídico que institui regras a serem cumpridas por esses "agentes de violência" com seu direito de ir e vir suspensos, ao analisar a escritura de suas missivas, uma questão desponta, enquanto problema a ser refletido: como este sujeito presidiário (SP) se significa/é significado nas suas cartas?. A produção, circulação e constituição (ORLANDI, 2001b) deste material simbólico em um entremeio que se configura entre a prisão e a sociedade extramuro vão produzindo sentidos por meio de regularidades subdivididas em um trajeto temático inerente de uma forma-sujeito histórica que coloca o sujeito em uma posição adaptável frente ao modelo capitalista vigente. Adaptação que faz dele o "cara do bem" através da produção discursiva de regularidades voltadas para o trabalho, a formação, a família, a propriedade, a religião e os efeitos das políticas voltadas para a sua REssocialização. Os sentidos produzidos na escrita desses indivíduos privados de liberdade e interpelados em sujeito pela ideologia (PECHÊUX, 2009) delineiam, na opacidade da língua na história, os deslizes que vão sendo significados e ressignificados nos Recortes Discursivos (RDs) das temáticas exigidas pelo modelo social e econômico. A compreensão produzida pelas análises é que esses sujeitos "enjaulados" não escapam dos discursos universalmente/oficialmente cristalizados nas Condições de Produção (CP) da prisão permeadas por uma memória discursiva ainda ditatorial, mas que não deixam de compor a agenda pautada pelo momento histórico contemporâneo / Abstract: Supported by the theoretical perspective of materialistic Discourse Analysis (DA), this research aims at analyzing an archive of letters produced by individuals interpellated by the subject position of inmates who use epistolary writing as means of maintaining their social connection with "free" institutions and people. In this archive, the discourses delineate trails towards questions which permeate society as well as the prisional spaces, which is a component of the Repressive State Apparatuses (RSA) Althusser (2008). Dealing with the juridical apparatus which institutes rules to be followed by this "violence agents" deprived from their right to come and go, and analyzing the writing of their missives, an issue appears as a problem to be reflected about: how does this inmate subject signifies himself and how is he signified on his letters? The production, circulation and constitution (ORLANDI, 2001b) of this symbolic material in between prison and the society out of the walls produce meaning through regularities divided in a thematic path which comes from a historic subject form which puts the subject in an adaptable position facing the present capitalistic model. This adaptation makes him the "good guy" through the discursive production of regularities based on work, education, family, property, religion and its effects on polices to his REsocialization. The meanings produced by the writing of this individuals deprived from freedom and interpellated in subject by ideology (PECHEUX, 2009) build, on the opacity of language in history, the slides that are signified and resignified in the Discursive Clippings (DCs) of the themes demanded by the social and economic model. The comprehension produced by the analysis is that those caged subjects do not escape from the universally/officially crystalized discourses on the Production Conditions (PC) of prison, permeated by a still dictatorial discursive memory while also participating on the agenda based on the contemporary historic moment / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutora em Linguística

Les analyses génomiques ont permis d’identifier des gènes et des protéinesimpliqués dans la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA). Au laboratoire, des approchesdifférentes ont mis en évidence deux gènes différentiellement exprimés dans lamaladie : le gène IL-33, retrouvé comme étant sous-exprimé chez les patientsatteints de MA, et le gène BIN1, identifié par des approches de GWAS et retrouvécomme étant sur-exprimés dans le cerveau des patients.Nous avons observé que la protéine IL-33 avait un impact sur le métabolismedu précurseur du peptide amyloïde (APP) de par sa fonction de facteur de régulationtranscriptionnelle. Nous avons alors cherché à identifier les gènes modulés par IL-33ainsi que des sites potentiels de fixation de la protéine sur l’ADN par des analyses àhaut débit. Il a été observé qu’IL-33 avait une forte implication dans la transcriptiondes gènes et pouvait agir directement sur l’ADN de par son impact sur les histones.De plus, IL-33 augmenterait l’expression de la préséniline 2, ce qui expliquerait alorsson impact sur le métabolisme de l’APP.Nous avons identifié un polymorphisme fonctionnel dans la région régulatricedu gène BIN1 associé à la maladie et pouvant expliquer la variation de sonexpression retrouvée dans le cerveau des patients. Nous avons également retrouvéune interaction de la protéine BIN1 avec Tau. BIN1 est alors le premier déterminantgénétique de la MA retrouvé comme étant associé à Tau et pourrait expliquer le lienentre la pathologie amyloïde et la pathologie Tau.Nos analyses nous ont donc permis, à partir des résultats d’analysesgénomiques, de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans laphysiopathologie de la MA. / Genomic analyses allowed to identify genes and proteins involved inAlzheimer’s Disease (AD). In the laboratory, genetic and transcriptomic approachesrevealed two genes differentially expressed in AD: IL-33 gene, found to be underexpressedin AD cases brain, and BIN1 gene, found by GWAS analyses and overexpressedin brains of AD cases.As regards to IL-33, we observed that this protein have an impact on amyloidprecursor protein (APP) metabolism by its transcriptional regulation properties. So,we tried to identify the genes modulated by IL-33 using transcriptomic high-troughputanalyses and we identified IL-33 DNA binding sites by ChIP-on-chip approaches. Weobserved that IL-33 was involved in gene transcription and could act directly on DNAby interaction with histones. We also observed that IL-33 increase the expression ofpresenilin 2, which can explain its effect on APP metabolism.As regards to BIN1, we identified one functional polymorphism in regulatoryregion of this gene associated with AD and allowed to explain the expressionvariation of BIN1 in AD brains. We also found an interaction of BIN1 with Tau. So,BIN1 would be the first genetic risk factor for AD linked to the “Tau pathway” andcould explain the link between amyloid pathology and Tau pathology.The analyses performed in the laboratory allowed to, from genomic analysesresults, a better understanding of mechanisms involved in AD physiopathology.

This study investigated the influences of personal value systems and risk propensities on managerial decision-making quality during value clashes. The post-globalisation business landscape is impacted by role players of vastly differing personal attributes, hypothesised to have varying influences on decision-making behaviour. A deeper understanding of how these attributes impact decision-making quality will therefore enrich the literature and arm practitioners with improved decision-making skills. A review of behavioural decision-making literature revealed three core approaches: the normative (prescriptive) perspective, focussed on decision analysis, the cognitive limitations perspective highlighting the boundaries of human cognition and the psychological (values/emotions/motivations) perspective allowing for ethical- or value-boundedness. The extant literature contributes little on the quality of decision-making exhibited by managers, or how to improve it. It also doesn’t consider variance in decision-making between groups defined by personal value and risk traits. This study therefore aimed to establish whether decision-making quality varied with variances in personal attributes, and whether an intervention would improve decision-making behaviour. The research, conducted on a sample of 460 South African managers, established the demographics and value- and risk orientations of the participating group. Three value clashing scenarios, incorporating social-relational framing interventions, where introduced to gauge the decision-making behaviour of the test subjects. Decision-making quality was assessed through the integrative complexity measure and qualitative assessments were conducted on the decision motivation texts. Decision-tree analyses, multiple regression analyses as well as T-tests comparing the decision-quality produced by individuals of opposing orientations, revealed a clear relationship between the value segments of self-enhancement and openness to change and higher quality decision-making. Social risk-taking was related to better decision-making and reframing the scenarios produced better decision-making quality responses, if the reframing was done harshly enough. The qualitative analysis supported these findings, but hinted at additional, context specific decision motivators. This study contributed an integrated view of decision-making literature, tested the application of integrative complexity as a measure of decision quality and introduced new perspectives on how value orientations, risk proclivities and scenario framing relate to decision-making quality. Practitioners can apply this to assess individuals in terms of their decision-making abilities, and can improve decision-making quality in managers through scenario re-framing. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / PhD / Unrestricted

Les eaux-de-vie (EDV) de cognac sont issues de la distillation de vin blanc, qui croit dans une région délimitée en zones de crus. Selon le cru d’origine de leur vin, les EDV sont réputées typiques, sur des notions sensorielles. Ainsi, des analyses physico-chimiques et sensorielles ont été mises en œuvre en parallèle enfin de rechercher cette typicité supposée de cru dans des EDV nouvelles (juste après distillation) et dans des EDV après vieillissement en fût de chêne. Un travail de filiation des composés d’impact dans les vins a également été mené. Aucun composé spécifique de cru n’est ressorti des analyses et les différences à mettre en évidence sont ténues. L’effet cru a été prouvé seulement lors d’échantillonnages sélectifs et de techniques spécifiques. En effet, plusieurs facteurs, tels que la distillation, capable de modifier la composition aromatique des EDV et donc leur perception sensorielle, semblent supérieurs à l’effet cru et pourraient en masquer les typicités. De plus, les typicités de cru semblent évoluer au cours du temps, entre le vin, l’EDV nouvelle et l’EDV vieillie. En conclusion, l’effet cru semble faible comparé à d’autres facteurs, et pourrait être dû à divers mélanges possibles des mêmes molécules retrouvées dans tous les échantillons. Il s’agirait d’un équilibre aromatique entre les concentrations de ces molécules, avec certains composés éventuellement prépondérants dans la balance et d’autres plus ubiquitaires, qui permettrait d’exprimer les typicités sensorielles des échantillons, en fonction de leur cru d’origine. / Cognac spirits are made from the distillation of white wine, growing in a region delimitated into cru areas. According to the cru of origin of their wine, spirits are assumed to be typical, in a sensorial way. Then, physico-chemical and sensorial analysis were carried out in parallel in order to search for this supposed typicality of cru, in freshly distilled spirits such as in spirits after aging in oak barrels. A work of filiation of impact compounds in the wines was also done. No cru-specific compound was found and differences to put in evidence are thin. The cru effect was apparent only with selective sampling and specific methodology. Actually, several factors, such as distillation, are able to modify the aromatic composition of spirits so their sensorial perception, and seem higher to the cru effect and could masked its typicality. Moreover, the cru typicality seems to evolve over the time, between wine, freshly distilled and aged spirits. To conclude, the cru effect seems weak compared to other factors. It may be caused by various possible mixes, of the same molecules found in all samples. It would be due to an aromatic equilibrium between the concentrations of these molecules, which allows the sensorial typicality of samples to be expressed, according to their cru of origin.