A finalidade deste trabalho é realizar um comentário à 7ª Ode Olímpica de Píndaro. Adicionalmente, procura demonstrar a maneira como a obra desse autor foi citada ou aludida no mundo de língua grega, até a publicação, em 1515, da edição de Zacarias Calierges, e como se formou a crítica pindárica nos séculos XIX e XX. / This work aims to present a comment to Pindar\'s 7th Olympian Ode. Additionally, it intents not only to demonstrate the way Pindar\'s work was mentioned or referred to in Greek language until the publication of Zacarias Calierges\' edition, in 1515, but also show how the pindaric criticism of XIX and XX centuries was shaped.

O presente trabalho aborda uma região bem delimitada, circunscrita aos afloramentos calcários do alto curso do rio São Francisco no estado de Minas Gerais (1500km²). Depois de um período inicial exploratório com levantamentos de superfície intensivos, resultando na descoberta de 120 sítios, duas cavernas, a Loca do Suim e a Gruta do Marinheiro, foram escolhidas para receberem escavações. O objetivo foi comprovar a existência de uma ocupação caçadora-coletora arcaica na região estudada, utilizando como principal elemento descritivo a indústria lítica produzida por esses grupos, envolvendo aspectos como tipologia, tecnologia e cronologia do material. Buscou-se assim colocar em evidência algumas particularidades da região estudada, assim como apontar para eventuais semelhanças com as grandes tradições arqueológicas do período arcaico conhecidas no centro e sul do Brasil. / This project is located in the carstic region (1500km²) of the upper São Francisco river valley, in the southeastern portion of the Brazilian highlands, 250km to the southwest of the well known Lagoa Santa region, State of Minas Gerais. After a period (5 years) of intensive search for sites, discovering more than 120 of them, two caves (Loca do Suim and Gruta do Marinheiro) where excavated. The objective was to prove the existence, also in this area, of archaeological material related to arcaic hunter-gatherers. For being abundant, the lithic industry produced by these pre-historic groups was chosen as main descriptive element. The analysis, based on typological, technological and chronological characteristics of the sample, points out the similarities and differences that exist between this industry and the main lithic archaeological traditions of central and southern Brazil during the arcaic period.

No description available.

My aim in this study is to identify Late Archaic persistent places—places of continued importance throughout the long-term occupation of a region—within the lower Grand River Area of what is now southern Ontario. I accomplish this through the use of kernel density estimation applied to datasets containing the locations of Late Archaic (4000-2800 RCYBP) sites within this study area which were discovered through cultural resource management (CRM) survey and excavation. Areas identified as persistent places were investigated with regard to landscape features and environmental affordances that could have structured their consistent re-use throughout the Late Archaic, with particular attention paid to the hypothesis that persistent places may have developed around the riverine spawning grounds of spring-spawning fish. Two places with particularly intense concentrations of diagnostic materials dating to successive periods of the Late Archaic were identified: one surrounding Seneca Creek near Caledonia, and one near D’Aubigny Creek south of Brantford. The results show that the persistent use of these places would likely have been structured by the presence of landscape features which would have made these areas particularly rich in many different seasonal resources during the Late Archaic. Perhaps most significantly, both areas are located in close proximity to areas identified as walleye spawning grounds. The contributions of this thesis include the synthesis of the results of many years of CRM survey of the Grand River Area, evidence for the existence of Late Archaic riverine fishing sites related to the spawning runs of walleye, and an improved understanding of Late Archaic subsistence-settlement systems. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / Lay Abstract: My aim in this study is to identify persistent places—places of continued importance throughout the long-term occupation of a region—within the lower Grand River Area of what is now southern Ontario during a period known as the Late Archaic (ca. 2500 B.C.- ca. 1000 B.C). This was accomplished using GIS spatial analysis of data produced through commercial archaeological assessments. As a result of this analysis, I identified two persistent places within the study area: one near D’Aubigny Creek south of Brantford, and one surrounding Seneca Creek near Caledonia. I also investigated the environments surrounding these places to determine what may have made them continuously appealing for over a millennium. Both areas were found to contain environmental features that would have likely made them particularly resource-rich and appealing to hunter-gatherers. One of the most important findings was that both areas are in close proximity to walleye spawning grounds.

Site 38CH1693 is a coastal site located in Charleston County, South Carolina. Thom’s Creek ceramics place the site in the Late Archaic/Early Woodland Period and radiocarbon dating corroborates this, placing the features present between 3650 and 3950 BP. Faunal analysis was undertaken to assess seasonality in order to understand the occupations that occurred at the site. Faunal seasonality, botanical seasonality, and sedentariness indicators are used to determine the sedentariness of the site. The presence of certain marine fish species is one of the most important seasonality indicators used. It is determined from the available evidence that at least one short-duration, year-round occupation is represented by the materials recovered at 38CH1693. Site 38CH1693 does not fit into the current Late Archaic settlement pattern models for the coast, calling for a reevaluation of these settlement pattern models and the sedentary sites within them.

Early human activity in the arid west has been of interest for many researchers over the last century. However, relatively little is known about Paleoarchaic occupants of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin because stratified Paleoarchaic sites in these regions are rare. Linked with the climatic Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene transition, the Paleoarchaic to Early Archaic transition has also captured interest in the central Great Basin with recent data coming out of Bonneville Estates Rockshelter—a site containing Pre-Archaic and Early Archaic components in eastern Nevada. These new data provide a model for testing differences in the chipped stone assemblage inferring changes in residential mobility at a new Paleoarchaic site on the Northern Colorado Plateau. Recently excavated, North Creek Shelter (42GA5863) is the only known stratified Paleoarchaic site on the Colorado Plateau for which we have data. Located in south-central Utah, this site was occupied during both the Paleoarchaic (~10,000-9,000 rcybp) and Early Archaic (~9,000-8,000 rcybp) time periods. Differences in the chipped stone assemblage inferring residential mobility between these time periods will be evaluated using Ted Goebel's (2007) model from Bonneville Estates Rockshelter. Based upon Bonneville Estates Rockshelter's lithic assemblage, Goebel inferred that the Pre-Archaic occupants exhibited higher levels of residential mobility than subsequent Early Archaic occupants. A similar tendency was expected for the Paleoarchaic occupants of North Creek Shelter; however, it appears that there is little difference between the North Creek Shelter Paleoarchaic and Early Archaic chipped stone assemblages inferring differences in residential mobility. What little difference there is may be the result of multiple factors, but if it is the result of residential mobility, then the data suggest that North Creek Shelter Paleoarchaic occupants were only slightly more mobile than the Early Archaic occupants.

This study examines the influence of local and dominant Network Systems on the socio- economic development of the southern Black Sea colonies: Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios during the Archaic and Classical Period. I argue that archeological and literary evidence indicate that local (populations such as the Mariandynoi, Syrians, Caucones, Paphlagonians, and Tibarenians) and dominant external (including: Miletus, Megara/Boeotia, Athens, and Persia) socio-economic Network systems developed and shaped these three colonies, and helped explain their role in the overarching Black Sea Network. This study is divided into three chapters. Chapter one starts with the history and historiography of Greek colonization. This leads into an explanation of early Black Sea colonization and a brief history of Heraclea, Sinope, and Tios from their foundation in the Archaic period until their transition into the Roman provincial system. It then explains Network Theory and Middle Ground and how they will be utilized in chapters two and three. The second chapter uses a middle ground approach to analyze local networks and their influence on the socio-economic development of the three colonies. The second chapter primarily utilizes material evidence and literary sources such as Strabo and Xenophon to draw these conclusions. The third chapter examines the effect that the dominant network systems during these periods have on the colonies' socio-economic development. This chapter primarily focuses on the Black Sea, Athens, and Persia's networks and their interactions with the colonies. Ultimately, this project furthers the current understanding of Heraclea, Sinope, Tios and the Black Sea's economic development as a whole.

No description available.

This thesis examines the changing form and function of non-funerary cult buildings in early Latial and Etruscan settlements in order to better describe and understand the advent of monumental temples in the archaeological record. It draws on a significant quantity of material excavated in the past forty years and developments in relevant theoretical frameworks to reconstruct the changing appearance of cult buildings from huts to shrines and temples (Chapters 2 to 4), and to place monumental examples within wider religious, topographical, and functional contexts (Chapters 5 to 7). This broader perspective allows a more accurate assessment of the extent to which monumental temples represent continuity and discontinuity with earlier religious architecture, and furthermore clarifies the respective roles of Latium and Etruria in the transformation of cult buildings into distinctive, prominent parts of the built environment. Although it is possible to find many different accounts of religious monumentalisation in existing scholarship, this thesis holds that traditional narratives no longer accurately reflect the archaeological evidence. It sets out a sequence of developments in which early religious architecture was a dynamic, rather than conservative, phenomenon. It demonstrates that temples were not the inevitable product of a natural progression from open-air votive deposition to monumentality, or simply an imported concept, but rather a deliberate response to the opportunities offered by an increasingly mobile Mediterranean population. It also contends that Latium played a more important role in formulating the characteristic components and functions of central Italic temples than previously thought. This thesis consequently offers a new account of early religious architecture in western central Italy as well as an alternative interpretation of its monumentalisation.

Les fortifications de la Grèce du Nord des époques archaïque, classique et hellénistique n’avaient à ce jour jamais fait l’objet d’une étude de synthèse permettant d’identifier, de décrire et de comparer l’ensemble des remparts de cette région. Mises à part les fortifications des grandes cités bien connues grâce aux fouilles archéologiques et à la bonne préservation des structures, telles Amphipolis, Philippi et Thasos, les autres murailles ou systèmes défensifs du Nord de l’Égée sont pratiquement inconnus, d’où l’intérêt d’une telle recherche. Les seuls ouvrages collectifs en lien avec les fortifications du Nord sont ceux de D. Lazaridis qui, en s’intéressant aux peraia de Thasos et Samothrace, nous laissa les plans topographiques de nombreux établissements fortifiés, sans toutefois en faire la description. Ce mémoire propose donc un catalogue raisonné de l’architecture militaire du Nord de la Grèce, complété par un commentaire exhaustif où les vestiges défensifs seront comparés de façon régionale et, lorsque possible, avec l’ensemble du monde grec. Au total, 37 établissements de plusieurs types (cité, phrourion et emporion) font l’objet de cette étude. Cependant, contrairement aux grandes études sur le sujet qui présentent de magnifiques remparts, cet ouvrage est souvent confronté à des vestiges fragmentaires qui certes, laissent place à l’interprétation et à la discussion, mais provoquent aussi une certaine frustration, puisque parfois, l’état des ruines restreint notre travail. Bien que le développement des fortifications grecques pose encore de nombreux problèmes, on constate une évolution architecturale aux périodes archaïque, classique et hellénistique, également attestée en Grèce du Nord. Mais comme le démontre notre étude, les Grecs établis dans ce territoire colonial provenaient de plusieurs régions et ils ont apporté avec eux leurs traditions et des techniques particulières qui ont largement influencées les ouvrages défensifs de leurs nouvelles cités. / The fortifications of Northern Greece from the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods have so far never been collaboratively studied to identify, describe, and compare the walls of this region. In addition to the larger cities that are well known owing to archaeology and the preservations of the walls found in areas such as Amphipolis, Philippi, and Thasos, other walls and defenses to the north of the Aegean are virtually unknown or briefly mentioned, hence the interest of such an undertaking. The only collective works related with the fortifications of the north are those of D. Lazaridis that, by focusing on the peraia on Thasos and Samothrace, left the topographical plans of many fortified settlements, without giving a description of them. This thesis then proposes a descriptive and analytical catalogue of the military architecture of Northern Greece, as well as an “observation” part where defensive remnants will be compared regionally and, if possible, throughout the Greek world. A total of 37 settlements of all types (city, phrourion, and emporion) will be subject to this study. However, unlike the major studies on the subject that present magnificent ramparts, this work is often confronted with fragmentary remains that certainly leave room for interpretation and discussion, and moreover to desolation, for occasionally, very little can be said on the ruins of a short segment of wall. Although the general history of Greek fortifications is still unclear we can still note that a certain architectural evolution occurs in the Greek ramparts during the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. It would be normal to find this same phenomenon in Northern Greece particularly. However, we also know that many people from cities all over the Greek world converged on the Thracian coast. Therefore, these colonists arrived with customs and techniques that could characterize the walls of the northern region and even create new regional phenomena.