L’auteur centre sa recherche sur la médiation sonore avec des enfants présentant des troubles psychotiques dans le cadre d’une pratique clinique groupale.La production de musique improvisée et l’improvisation vocale sont utilisées en tant que voies d’accès à l’originaire et à l’inconscient afin de favoriser la symbolisation.Complétée par une recherche théorique et des observations cliniques concernant l’émission de la voix archaïque chez nouveaux-nés et bébés, cette élaboration prend appui sur l’analyse du transfert-contre-transfert, la chaîne associative et les référentiels psychanalytiques. L’ensemble des analyses et observations montre que chez l’enfant présentant des troubles psychotiques, la pratique de la médiation sonore en groupe utilisant la technique de l’improvisation vocale, permet la mobilisation et l’harmonisation de séquences traumatiques originaires conduisant à une modification de la relation d’objet et inaugurant une dynamique évolutive accrue. / The author centers his research on sound mediation with children presenting psychotic disorders within the framework of clinical group practice.
The production of improvised music and vocal improvisation are used as gateways to the primary psychic processus and to the unconscious to facilitate symbolization.
Completed by theoretical research and clinical observations concerning the emission of the archaic voice to new-borns and babies, this elaboration is supported by the analysis of the transference-counter-transference, the as-sociative channel and psychoanalytical system of reference.
All the analyses and the obser-vations show that with children presenting psychotic disorders, the practice of group sound mediation using the technique of vocal improvisation, allows the mobilization and the harmo-nization of primary psychic processus traumatic sequences leading to a modification of the relation to object and initiating greater evolutionary dynamics.

Este trabalho estuda o Grande sertão: veredas, investigando em seus dilemas e soluções formais reduções estruturais do processo social brasileiro. Mais especificamente, a partir da análise dos casos, mas também do ponto de vista narrativo e de dinâmicas ligadas à formação do protagonista nos episódios do pacto e da assunção da chefia, pretendemos demonstrar a estruturação no texto de um modelo de funcionamento social baseado na violência e no recurso ao sobrenatural. Nossa hipótese postula que nos planos estruturais definidos como objeto de análise vigoram oposições irresolúveis em conflito e reversibilidade constantes. Tais oposições determinam uma lei de conformação que une mudança e conservação. Em outras palavras, é nossa intenção demonstrar que a indefinição e a ambigüidade, que estão presentes nos planos da relação entre caso e romance, da consciência narradora e na trajetória do protagonista, são características do processo histórico e social a que o livro remete, que pode ser definido de forma mais abrangente como \"modernização conservadora\". / In this work, we study Grande sertão: veredas, investigating in its dilemmas and formal solutions the social process condensed in its literary structure. More specifically, from the analysis of the \"casos\" (brief stories detached from the narrative\'s main axis), the narrative point of view and the dynamics linked to the main protagonist\'s formative process in the pact and leadership takeover episodes, we intend to reveal a social functioning model based on the violence and on the supernatural as the only alternative to solve impasses. Our hypothesis presumes that in the structural plans fixed as objects for analysis there are many unsolvable oppositions in constant conflict and reversibility. Such oppositions determinate a literary constitution principle that joins change and conservation. In other words, it is our intention to demonstrate that the fluid outlining limits and the ambiguity, which define the plans of the \"caso\" and novel relationship, narrative consciousness and protagonist course, are implicit characteristics of the historical and social process to which the book refers, which can be defined by the expression \"conservative modernization\".

O objetivo desta tese é analisar as criaturas amiúde consideradas monstruosas bem como os termos geralmente traduzidos por monstro presentes em três poemas da tradição de poesia hexamétrica arcaica, a saber, a Teogonia de Hesíodo, o Hino Homérico a Apolo e a Odisseia de Homero. A análise dessas criaturas tem como foco o modo como são descritas e o papel que desempenham nas narrativas contidas nesses poemas, para a qual são utilizadas como abordagem teórico-metodológica a referencialidade tradicional proposta e desenvolvida por John Miles Foley ao longo da década de 1990 bem como a perspectiva de que os poemas que constituem a tradição hexamétrica arcaica compõem uma história do cosmo, conforme desenvolvida por Barbara Graziosi e Johannes Haubold na década de 2000. Como resultado da análise das criaturas, de um lado, e dos termos traduzidos por monstro, de outro, questiona-se a pertinência da categoria monstro como geralmente pressuposta para essas criaturas no mundo moderno, tendo-se em vista que ela possa não existir na poesia hexamétrica arcaica, já que fazem parte de um sistema de pensamento em um mundo ainda não desencantado em termos weberianos, no qual a realidade empírica e a esfera divina enquanto representativa do sobrenatural estão profundamente imbricadas. Como instrumental teórico-metodológico para o questionamento acerca da existência ou não do monstro enquanto categoria em tal tradição poética, lançou-se mão das teorias de categorização de Wittgenstein, desenvolvida nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, daquelas desenvolvidas por Eleanor Rosch e sua equipe durante a década de 1970, bem como as presentes nas obras de George Lakoff a partir da década de 1980. A proposição de que a categoria monstro como pressuposta e entendida no mundo moderno é inexistente para a poesia hexamétrica arcaica tem implicações na compreensão moderna dessas criaturas, que devem ser percebidas enquanto integrantes de um cosmo que não separa o sobrenatural, o maravilhoso e o divino nos mesmos termos que o faz a sociedade moderna ocidental, revelando a necessidade de compreender essas criaturas sob o ponto de vista da tradição que as criou ou as incorporou e ressignificou. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the creatures often considered monstrous as well as the words generally translated as monster in three poems belonging to the tradition of archaic hexametric poetry, namely, Hesiod\'s Theogony, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, and Homer\'s Odyssey. The analysis of the creatures focuses on the ways they are described and the role they play in the narratives presented in those poems. The theoretical and methodological approach used to such analysis is the traditional referenciality proposed and developed by John Miles Foley in the 1990\'s in addition to the perspective that such poems that inform the archaic hexametric tradition constitute a history of the cosmos, as developed by Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold during the 2000\'s. The analysis of the creatures, in one hand, and of the words translated by monster, in the other, results in questioning the validity of the monster category as usually taken for granted in the modern world, considering that it might not exist in archaic hexametric poetry, since those creatures are part of a system of thought in a world not yet disenchanted in Weberian terms, in which the empirical reality and the divine sphere as representative of the supernatural are deeply entangled. As theoretical and methodological framework for questioning the existence of monster as a category in such poetical tradition, this thesis adopted the theories of categorization formulated by Wittgenstein during the 1940\'s and 1950\'s, as well as the theories developed by Eleanor Rosch and her team during the 1970\'s, along with the ones presented by George Lakoff from 1980\'s onward. The proposition that the category of monster as pressuposed and understood by the modern world is non-existent in archaic hexametric poetry has consequences to the modern understanding of those creatures which must be perceived as part of a cosmos that does not separate the supernatural, the wonderful, and the divine in the same terms as the modern western world does, revealing the need to understand those creatures under the point of view of the tradition that created them or incorporated and ressignified them.

Ce travail sur les céramiques de cuisine est centré sur trois sites issus de cités-mères différentes, d’un environnement géographique distinct et discontinu, et en contact avec des populations variées : Marseille, Mégara Hyblaea et Apollonia du Pont. L’objectif n’est pas d’obtenir une vision globalisante de la cuisine grecque du VIIe au IVe s. av. J.-C., qui serait réductrice, mais de réaliser une analyse comparative pour évaluer la nature des relations liant les colonies grecques entre elles, et celles-ci aux communautés avec lesquelles elles sont en contact. Il s’articule en trois parties distinctes et complémentaires. La première pose les bases en replaçant ce travail dans son contexte historiographique tout en précisant la méthodologie adoptée ; une large part est consacrée à caractériser la fonction, les usages, les procédés culinaires et la terminologie de chaque forme, en croisant les sources : texte, iconographie, coroplastie, ethnographie et archéologie. La deuxième partie développe l’analyse typo-chronologique des céramiques grecques de cuisine depuis la préparation des aliments jusqu’à leur cuisson, incluant divers dispositifs et ustensiles. Enfin, la troisième partie met en évidence, par une analyse diachronique intrinsèque, le faciès culinaire propre à chacune de ces trois colonies et son évolution au regard des phénomènes d’interactions culturelles entre les sociétés préromaines. Cette approche permet de révéler, dans un cadre culturel commun aux Grecs, une certaine discontinuité des comportements alimentaires perceptibles dans le monde grec colonial, variable selon l’échelle (locale, régionale, interrégionale) et le contexte socio-économique considérés. / This work on the kitchen ceramics is focused on three sites from different mother cities, a distinct and discontinuous geographic environment, and in contact with diverse populations: Marseille, Megara Hyblaea and Apollonia Pontica.The goal is not to get a holistic view of the Greek kitchen from the 7th to the 4th century BC., which would be reductive, but a comparative analysis to evaluate the nature of the relationship between the Greek colonies each other, and these with the communities with which they are in contact.It is divided into three distinct and complementary parts. The first lays the foundations by placing this work in its historiographical context while specifying the methodology adopted; a large part is dedicated to characterize the function, uses, culinary processes and terminology of each shape, by crossing the sources (text, iconography, coroplasty, ethnography and archaeology).The second part develops the typo-chronological analysis of the Greek kitchen ceramics from the preparation of the food to its cooking, sometimes using various devices and utensils. Finally, the third part highlights, by an intrinsic diachronic analysis, the culinary faciès for each of these three colonies and its evolution due to multiple phenomena of cultural interactions between the pre-Roman societies.This approach allows to reveal, in a common cultural framework to the Greeks, a discontinuity of the perceptible eating behaviours in the Greek colonial world, varying according to the scale (local, regional, interregional) and the socio-economic context considered.

La présente recherche porte sur l’histoire des émotions positives et de leurs représentations en Grèce archaïque. L’histoire des émotions, qui a pu bénéficier d’un changement de paradigme ayant mis en évidence le lien entre émotions et cognition, se fonde sur l’hypothèse que le sens des scénarios affectifs varie selon les contextes historiques et culturels. L’objectif était ainsi de dégager le sens prêté aux émotions positives, d’Homère à Hérodote, à partir des témoignages disponibles. Le type d’analyse mis en œuvre est à la fois sémantique et historique, mais il s’appuie également sur les ressources de l’anthropologie et de la psychologie. Trois dossiers principaux jalonnent cette exploration : l’épopée homérique, la poésie archaïque à l’époque de l’émergence des cités et les nouvelles formes de la sagesse, religieuse et philosophique. Comment les émotions positives se définissent-elles dans ce cadre ? Leur forme et leurs fonctions se transforment-elles ? Quel usage en fait-on et quel rôle leur prête-t-on dans la cité ou, plus précisément, au banquet ? Quel discours suscitent-elles, du point de vue éthique, politique ou philosophique ? À partir d’une distinction sémantique fondamentale, qui paraît structurer le champ lexical du plaisir et de la joie, les nouvelles représentations des émotions positives sont envisagées en lien avec les bouleversements sociaux, politiques et religieux ayant affecté l’époque archaïque. / The present research regards the history of positive emotions and their representations in archaic Greece. The history of emotions, benefiting from a new trend, which underlined the relations between emotions and cognition, is based on the hypothesis that the sense of the affective episodes depends on the historical and cultural contexts. Consequently, the aim was to unveil the positive emotions’ meaning, from Homer to Herodotus, using the available evidence. The type of analysis that was used is at the same time semantic and historical, but it rests, as well, upon anthropology and psychology. Three main fields have been looked through for this study: the Homeric epic, the archaic poetry from the time of the first poleis and the new forms of wisdom, religious or philosophical. How these positive emotions have been defined? Were their form and functions subject to change? Which role is given to them in the polis or at the banquet? Which type of discourse have they provoked, at the ethical, political or philosophical levels? Beginning with a semantic dichotomy, that seems important in the lexical field, the new representations of the positive emotions are considered in close relationship with the social, political and religious changes of the archaic period.

Este trabalho estuda o Grande sertão: veredas, investigando em seus dilemas e soluções formais reduções estruturais do processo social brasileiro. Mais especificamente, a partir da análise dos casos, mas também do ponto de vista narrativo e de dinâmicas ligadas à formação do protagonista nos episódios do pacto e da assunção da chefia, pretendemos demonstrar a estruturação no texto de um modelo de funcionamento social baseado na violência e no recurso ao sobrenatural. Nossa hipótese postula que nos planos estruturais definidos como objeto de análise vigoram oposições irresolúveis em conflito e reversibilidade constantes. Tais oposições determinam uma lei de conformação que une mudança e conservação. Em outras palavras, é nossa intenção demonstrar que a indefinição e a ambigüidade, que estão presentes nos planos da relação entre caso e romance, da consciência narradora e na trajetória do protagonista, são características do processo histórico e social a que o livro remete, que pode ser definido de forma mais abrangente como \"modernização conservadora\". / In this work, we study Grande sertão: veredas, investigating in its dilemmas and formal solutions the social process condensed in its literary structure. More specifically, from the analysis of the \"casos\" (brief stories detached from the narrative\'s main axis), the narrative point of view and the dynamics linked to the main protagonist\'s formative process in the pact and leadership takeover episodes, we intend to reveal a social functioning model based on the violence and on the supernatural as the only alternative to solve impasses. Our hypothesis presumes that in the structural plans fixed as objects for analysis there are many unsolvable oppositions in constant conflict and reversibility. Such oppositions determinate a literary constitution principle that joins change and conservation. In other words, it is our intention to demonstrate that the fluid outlining limits and the ambiguity, which define the plans of the \"caso\" and novel relationship, narrative consciousness and protagonist course, are implicit characteristics of the historical and social process to which the book refers, which can be defined by the expression \"conservative modernization\".

Le site Gaudreau est un site perturbé et à occupations multiples situé dans le sud-est du Québec, et présente des occupations datant du Paléoindien Récent jusqu’à la période historique. Les occupations Archaïques du site, noté par la présence de bifaces diagnostiques de l’Archaïque Supérieur et de l’Archaïque Terminal et par des Macrooutils de l’Archaïque Moyen et de l’Archaïque Supérieur, sont le sujet principal de ce mémoire. Puisqu’aucune occupation ne peut être différencié horizontalement ni verticalement, et qu’aucun objet non-diagnostique ne peut être associé avec certitude, seul un échantillon de 32 objets ont été observés. Étant donné la faible taille de l’échantillon analysé, il est fort probable qu’un plus grand nombre de sources de matières premières aient été utilisés durant les occupations de l’Archaïque. Toutefois, un réseau de matières premières lithiques similaire à ceux des sites du Lac Mégantic a été observé, avec une forte représentation de la rhyolite Kineo-Traveller et des cherts Appalachiens. Des cherts des Grands Lacs et le quartzite de Cheshire sont aussi présents. Le mudstone silicifié d’origine locale et le quartz sont par contre faiblement représentés dans l’échantillon, probablement dû à un biais de proximité de source. L’analyse technique de l’échantillon, sans contrôle pour les pratiques techno-économiques, dénote plusieurs récurrences techniques à l’intérieur des unités typologiques, sans toutefois appuyer des différences récurrentes significatives entre les matières premières de régions différentes. À cause de la taille de l’échantillon et du contexte perturbé, la pertinence des fortes similarités entre certains objets est douteuse. La segmentation interpersonnelle des chaînes opératoires ne pouvait être déterminée dans l’échantillon. Cependant, les résultats incitent plutôt à croire que les matières premières devaient circuler sous diverses formes. Il peut être considéré que, en dehors des matières premières locales, les occupants Archaïques du site Gaudreau n’avaient pas d’accès direct aux matières premières exogènes. / The Gaudreau site is a disturbed multicomponent site located in Southeastern Quebec, with occupations dating from the Late Paleoindian into the historic period. The Archaic occupations, noted through the presence of multiple diagnostic bifaces forms and macrotools, are the primary subject of this thesis. As no occupations can be isolated horizontally nor vertically, and no non-diagnostic artifacts can be associated with certitude, only a sample of 32 objects were analyzed. As only a small sample of the assemblage was analyzed, it is likely that more raw material source areas were used during the Archaic occupations of the site. Nonetheless, the resulting raw material networks are similar to those of the Megantic Lake region, with a strong representation of Kineo-Traveller rhyolite and Appalachian cherts. Great Lakes cherts are also present, as is Cheshire quartzite. Local silicified mudstone and quartz are weakly represented in the sample, though this is likely an effect of source proximity resulting in the near absence of completed forms made of local raw materials. The technical analysis of the sample, without control for techno-economic practices, denotes many technical recurrences within typological groupings, with no significant and recurring differences between raw materials of different source regions. Due to sample size and to the disturbed context, the significance of objects linked due to similarities in technique is doubtful. Interpersonal segmentation of operational sequences could not be determined, though the evidence appears to point towards the circulation of raw materials in multiple forms. It is to be assumed that, outside of the locally obtained raw materials, the occupants of the Gaudreau may not have had a direct access to any of the exogenous sources.

Dans ce travail de recherche, le lien mère-fille est interrogé au cours du temps à partir d'observations cliniques et d'exemples pris dans la littérature et le domaine artistique. Ce passage par les différentes étapes et aléas de la vie vient éclairer le devenir de ce lien, plus particulièrement au moment de la vieillesse de la mère et à l'approche de sa mort. Le thème de la rencontre est central et se déploie autour des différentes rencontres avec la psyché et le corps maternels qui balisent la construction identitaire et narcissique de la fille. Tout comme l'environnement qui revêt parfois un caractère inhibiteur, l'ombre des différentes figures féminines et maternelles pèse de tout son poids sur cet édifice. On constate combien la puissance du lien originaire qui unit les mères et les filles peut persistermalgré le temps et les investissements libidinaux réalisés de part et d'autre. Ce lien est encouragé, voire valorisé, par l'entourage familial, sociétal et mis en relief dans les productions littéraires et les représentations picturales. Ainsi, c'est une entreprise difficile pour la fille de se dégager de l'ombre et du primat du maternel pour accéder à une position subjective féminine apaisée.La vieillesse de la mère et l'approche de sa mort sont des occasions de revisiter le lien premier à la faveur de la résurgence d'angoisses, de fantasmes pré-oedipiens et oedipiens. La haine et l'ambivalence sont souvent perceptibles même si l'on remarque qu'elles sont majoritairement contre investies comme elles peuvent l'être entre une mère et son nourrisson.La rencontre avec la vieillesse de la mère, avec le corps de cette dernière se révèle parfois traumatique à la faveur de la résurgence de l'archaïque, du pulsionnel accompagnée de sentiments négatifs. Dans notre société, ce sont les femmes qui s'occupent principalement des personnes âgées et la violence qui leur est faite est largement sous-estimée, violence d'autant plus grande pour les filles qui ne sont pas protégées comme les fils par l'interdit du toucher. A un amour maternel largement encensé, la fille se doit de répondre par un investissement sans faille.Cependant, il existe une autre voie, plus tendre, qui met de côté toute idée sacrificielle si elle est bien tempérée. L'attention de la fille à l'égard de la mère prend alors la forme d'une « préoccupation maternelle tertiaire », la fille revivant de façon inversée la préoccupation qui a été celle de sa mère dans les premiers mois de la vie. La dépendance réelle ou fantasmée de la mère âgée vient, elle aussi, favoriser ce mouvement de renversement, la fille devenant la mère de sa mère.Acceptation ou refus marquent de part et d'autre cette ultime passage où la fille consent ou pas à prendre le rôle « d'objet clé » et où la mère lui confie ou pas ce rôle précis. Cette dernière mise en présence permet une reprise intégrative des expériences de perte, de séparation et de double mouvement de sevrage du lien. / In this research, the mother-daughter interaction is examined through time, from clinical observations and examples took in literature ans arts. Passing through different stages, some life's ups and downs, lights up the future of this link, especially when facing the mother's old age and approaching her death. The central theme of the encounter spreads around many encounters with the mother's psyche and body, which mark the identity and narcissistic construction of the daughter. As environment may support inhibition, the shadow of the many maternal and feminine figures weighs down this structure. We point out that the power of the bond between a mother and a daughter persists, despite time and libidinal investments carried out on both sides. This interaction is rather encouraged, even valued, by family environment, society, and is highlighted in literature and pictorial representations. Thus, disengaging herself from the mother's shadow and primacy, accessing a soothed feminine position of being, is rather tricky for the daughter. The mother's old age and the approach of her death allow to revisit the primary bond. Meanwhile, some anguish is renewed, aside pre-oedipal and oedipal fantasies. Hatred and ambivalence are often noticeable, even if they are mostly contra-invested, like they can be between a mother and her infant. The encounter with the mother's old age and body might appear traumatic if carried along with archaic and pulsional resurgences, tagged with negative feelings. In our society, women mostly involve themselves in elderly people, and the violence made to them is rather underestimated. It is even more vivid to daughters, who are not protected by the touch prohibition, unlike sons. To a motherly love widely acclaimed, the daughter is supposed to answer by a tireless commitment. However, there is another solution, a softer one, which sets aside any sacrificial tendency, if it is well tempered. The daughter’s care to her mother takes the form of a « tertiary maternal preoccupation », then, the daughter is inversely reliving her mother's own preoccupation during the first months of her life. The dependency - fantasized or real, to the aged mother emphasizes this reversal movement, the daughter becoming her mother's mother. Acceptance or denial mark on both sides the ultimate moment when the daughter agrees or not to become a « key object », and when the mother gives her this role or not. This ultimate encounter allows an integrative upturn of loss, separation and double movement of weaning from the link.

Though some researchers have argued that the Big Barrens grasslands of Kentucky were the product of anthropogenic land clearing practices by Native Americans, heretofore, this hypothesis had not been tested archaeologically. More work was needed to refine chronologies of fire activity in the region, determine the extent to which humans played a role in the process, and integrate these findings with the paleoenvironmental and archaeological record. With these goals in mind, I conducted archaeological and geoarchaeological investigations at Crumps Sink in the Sinkhole Plain of Kentucky. The archaeological record and site formation history of Crumps Sink were compared with environmental and archaeological data from the Interior Low Plateaus and Southern Appalachian Mountains for an understanding of how the site fits into the larger story of human-environmental interactions in the Eastern Woodlands. Based on the data recovered, I argue that through land burning Archaic hunter-gatherers were active managers of ecosystems to a greater degree than previously acknowledged. Excavations at Crumps Sink revealed stratified archaeological deposits spanning the late Middle Archaic to Terminal Late Archaic periods. Radiocarbon dates and an analysis of projectile point typologies provided information on the chronological and cultural history of the site. Magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition, plant available phosphorous, and soil micromorphological analyses were conducted to examine landform dynamics in response to environmental change and to trace the anthropogenic signature created by human activities at the site. Masses of lithic debitage, animal bone, and burned sediment nodules per ten-cm-level provide an indication of human occupation intensity and shifting activities over time. Radiocarbon dates were used to reconstruct rates of sediment accumulation in the sink. These varying datasets were considered together for a holistic understanding of localized environmental and anthropogenic impacts on the landform. Between 7200 and 5600 cal. BP, during the Middle Holocene Thermal Maximum and corresponding with the late Middle Archaic period, sediment accumulation was sustained with one identifiable episode of very weak soil development. Background magnetic and chemical signatures in the soils were greater than they were at pre-occupation levels, demonstrating that human activities left a lasting imprint in soils as early as the late Middle Archaic period. Between 5600 and 3900 cal. BP, periods of diminished sedimentation led to more pronounced episodes of soil formation. However, these soil horizons are interposed by pulses of enhanced sediment accumulation. These soil data may signal shifting environmental regimes during the Middle to Late Holocene transition. Between 5600 and 3900 cal. BP scattered plant ash, elevated masses of burned sediment nodules, and pestle fragments in Late Archaic deposits suggest that hunter-gatherers were intensively processing nut mast, potentially in association with early forest clearance and silviculture. Botanical assemblages from a coincident archaeological sequence at the Carlston Annis site in the nearby middle Green River region has demonstrated woodland disturbance and potential silviculture in central Kentucky during this time. During the Late Archaic and Terminal Late Archaic periods (3900-3000 cal. BP), substantial plant ash deposition occurred in a stratum that accumulated relatively quickly. Very low burned sediment nodule masses in this deposit indicate that combustion features were not common in the immediate vicinity and that elevated frequencies of plant ash were the result of burning on a broader expanse of the surrounding landform. Chronologically, the zone with enhanced plant ash deposition is coeval with previously demonstrated occurrences of increased forest fires, grassland expansion, and a shift to early horticultural economies throughout the region. Soil development occurred after 3000 cal. BP, and this episode of landform stability may have lasted for over two millennia until being capped by sediment accumulation from historic agriculture. The late Middle Archaic through Terminal Late Archaic data from Crumps Sink demonstrate that hunter-gatherer activities left lasting signatures in soils in Kentucky. The data from the Late Archaic to Terminal Late Archaic periods (ca. 5600-3000 cal. BP) may indicate intentional land burning by hunter-gatherers to create anthropogenic environments, first for silviculture and then for early plant domestication. This forces a rethinking of labor and subsistence systems within hunter-gatherer societies. Thus, if hunter-gatherers were utilizing long-term forest management methods, they were employing a delayed-return economic system relying on labor investment and negotiated understandings about land tenure. Further characterization of the origin of fire management activities will help us to elucidate the nature of incipient indigenous plant domestication in the Eastern Woodlands.

Labraunda has a long and manifold history. The sanctuary starts out small in the Archaic period, is the most important in Karia during the Hekatomnid dynasty, reverts to a more normal position during the Hellenistic time, and is finally converted into a Christian sanctuary in the Late Roman period. This study aims to investigate the spatial pattern of what the visitor could have been perceived as religiously important at the sanctuary, in four different phases. Plans of the architecture and theory about ritual activity have formed the basis for analysing religious importance. What this study has shown is that a movement of religiously important space can be observed at Labraunda. Moving away from the origins at the Split Rock, for a long period being concentrated to the Temple Terrace, and consequently moving out to the two churches built outside the temenos.