A avaliação miofuncional orofacial é etapa fundamental no processo de diagnóstico na área de motricidade orofacial (MO), possibilita a compreensão das condições anatômicas e funcionais do sistema estomatognático, permitindo estabelecer o raciocínio terapêutico e definir encaminhamentos. Vários autores escreveram a respeito da necessidade da prática baseada em evidências e recomendaram o uso de protocolos validados para o diagnóstico, bem como para a terapia. Atualmente, três protocolos de avaliação miofuncional orofacial estão validados e publicados. São eles: o The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening NOT-S, o Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores - AMIOFE, validado para crianças, o qual caracteriza as condições musculares e funcionais com base nos escores, permitindo definir não apenas a presença ou ausência, mas também o grau de distúrbio miofuncional orofacial (DMO) e o protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Ampliados - AMIOFE-A. O AMIOFE já foi usado para diagnóstico e análise da evolução de tratamentos em sujeitos jovens e adultos com desordem temporomandibular (DTM), porém não foi validado para esta população. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a validade de critério, a validade de construto, e a confiabilidade intra e entre - examinadores, assim como valores de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valores preditivos (VP+ e VP-) e prevalência (P) do AMIOFE para jovens e adultos. Participaram 50 sujeitos com DTM (GDTM) e 30 sujeitos sem DTM (CA), todos avaliados e selecionados a partir do exame clínico com o RDC/TMD. A validade de critério do protocolo AMIOFE foi analisada pela comparação com o protocolo NOT-S. A validade de construto foi analisada pela: (a) comparação do GDTM ao CA, para verificar a capacidade do AMIOFE em diferenciar sujeitos com e sem DMO; (b) comparação do grupo com DTM antes e após TMO, a fim de analisar a habilidade do AMIOFE para mensurar as mudanças ocorridas em decorrência do tratamento. Para tanto, os dados da avaliação miofuncional orofacial dos dez sujeitos com DTM que receberam terapia miofuncional orofacial (GT) foram comparados na fase diagnóstica e na fase final após 120 dias de tratamento. Dois examinadores, fonoaudiológos devidamente treinados e calibrados, denominados E1 e E2, realizaram as avaliações. De acordo com os resultados houve correlação negativa significante entre os protocolos AMIOFE e NOT-S (r= -0,86, p < 0,01). A validade de construto do AMIOFE foi demonstrada pela capacidade do AMIOFE refletir as condições miofuncionais orofaciais normais e alteradas pelas diferenças observadas entre os escores dos grupos CA e GDTM, nos itens aparência/postura, mobilidade e nas funções de mastigação e deglutição (p < 0,05). O AMIOFE foi capaz de mensurar as mudanças ocorridas entre a FD e a FF do tratamento proposto. A força de concordância medida pelo Kappa Ponderado (Kw) entre-examinadores E1 e E2 variou de razoável a moderada, e os valores de confiabilidade foi 0,88, considerado bom (r = 0,78, P< 0,01). A concordância intra-examinador para E2 variou de razoável a moderada e a confiabilidade para aplicação do AMIOFE foi de 0,92, isto é, excelente (r = 0,84, P< 0,01). A concordância para a aplicação do protocolo NOTS, variou de razoável a boa, e a confiabilidade foi de 0,89 (r = 0,80, P< 0,01). Para os demais índices, foram encontrados os seguintes valores utilizando a mediana e os percentis, apresentados respectivamente, S (80,5 - 65,38), E (80,0 - 92,59), VP+ (76,0 - 80,95), VP- (83,7 - 84,74) e P (46,2 - 26,25). De acordo com os resultados concluiuse que o protocolo AMIOFE é válido, confiável e proporciona um diagnóstico com boa 10 margem de acerto, tanto para os casos positivos como negativos. Sua aplicação clínica e em pesquisas é viável devido à própria construção do protocolo que fornece a indicação do escore a ser atribuído, com base na descrição semântica que o acompanha. / The clinical orofacial myofunctional evaluation is a fundamental step in the diagnosis process of orofacial myofunctional area, making possible to understand the anatomical and functional conditions of the stomatognathic system, allowing to establish the therapeutic reasoning and define the referrals. Several authors have written about the need for an evidence-based practice (EBP), recommending the use of validated protocols for diagnosis, well as therapy. Currently, three miofunctional protocols are validated and published. They are: The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening NOT-S, the protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores - OMES, validated for children, characterizing the functional and muscular condition based on scores, allowing to define not only the presence or absence, but also the degree of orofacial myofunctional disorders, and the protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores expanded (OMES-E). The OMES has been used for diagnosis and to analyze the treatment evolution in young subjects and adults with temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but was not validated for this population. The aim of the present report is to assess the criterion validity, construct validity, and the intra- and inter-examiner, as well as sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), predictive values (PV+ and PV-) and prevalence (P) of OMES for adult. 50 subjects with TMD (GDTM) and 30 subjects without TMD (CA) participated, all them evaluated and selected from the clinical examination with RDC/TMD. The criterion validity of the protocol OMES was analyzed by comparing it with the NOT-S protocol. Construct validity was assessed by: (a) comparing GTMD to CA, to verify the OMES ability to differentiate subjects with and without DMO; (b) comparing the group with DTM before and after TMO, to analize the AMIOFE hability to measure changes due to treatment. For this, the orofacial myofunctional evaluation data from the ten subjects with DTM that received orofacial myofunctional therapy (GT) were compared in the diagnostic phase and the final stage after 120 days of treatment. Two examiners, speech therapists trained and calibrated, called E1 and E2, performed the evaluation. According to the results there was a significant negative correlation between the protocols OMES and NOT-S (r= -0,86, p < 0,01). The construct validity of OMES was demonstrated by the ability of OMES reflect the normal and altered myofunctional orofacial condictions by the differences between the groups scores GTMD and CA, in the items appearance / posture, mobility and in the functions of deglutition and mastication (p < 0,05). The OMES was able to measure the changes between FD and FF of the proposed treatment. The agreement the linear mensure by weighted Kappa coefficient (Kw) inter-examiner E1 e E2 ranged between reasonable to moderate, and the value of reliability was 0,88, considered good (r = 0,78, P< 0,01). The agreement intra-examiner for E2 ranged from reasonable to moderate and the reliability to AMIOFE application was 0,92, ie, excellent (r = 0,84, P< 0,01). The agreement for NOT-S protocol application ranged from reasonable to good, and the reliability was 0,89 (r = 0,80, P< 0,01). For the others items, were found the following values using the median and the percentile, presented respectively, S (80,5 - 65,38), SP (80,0 - 92,59), PV+ (76,0 - 80,95), PV- (83,7 - 84,74) e P (46,2 - 26,25). According to the results, concluded that the OMES protocol is valid, and provides a reliable diagnosis with a good margin of success, for both positive and negative cases. Clinical application and in research is feasible because of the actual construction of the protocol provides indication of the score to be assigned, based on semantic description that accompanies it.

A definição de valores de referência a partir de sujeitos saudáveis é fundamental como parâmetro para o diagnóstico na área da saúde. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estabelecer valores de referência para a condição miofuncional orofacial, para as forças orofaciais e para a eficiência mastigatória, por meio de um escore de padronização e analisar as relações entre as variáveis, após estabelecer um índice de desempenho para as forças orofaciais e eficiência mastigatória. De um total de 316 sujeitos, foram selecionados 50 participantes, 21 homens e 29 mulheres, de 18 a 40 anos, sem desordem temporomandibular, sem distúrbio miofuncional orofacial e em normoclusão (classe I de Angle). Os sujeitos foram avaliados por meio do Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores (AMIOFE) para investigação da condição miofuncional orofacial. As forças isométricas máximas de mordida direita e esquerda, das bochechas direita e esquerda, da língua na região anterior e dorso e dos lábios foram avaliadas por um dinamômetro eletrônico Kratos® e os valores foram registrados em Newtons (N). Para todas as forças foram realizadas 3 medidas e obtida a média. A eficiência mastigatória foi analisada pelo método colorimétrico com beads, obtendo-se a concentração de fucsina em micrograma por mililitro (µg/ml). A eficiência foi avaliada em situação de mastigação habitual, mastigação unilateral direita e esquerda, durante 20 segundos cada. Para todas as variáveis foi calculado o escore Z, para identificação de seus valores de referência e os pontos de corte que diferenciou os sujeitos normais e alterados; os valores das forças orofaciais e da eficiência mastigatória destes sujeitos foram transformados em índice de desempenho, para 34 sujeitos da amostra que foram considerados normais. O erro casual do método foi calculado para todas as variáveis. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman, por meio do Programa MedCalc® e o nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. Os valores médios de referência estabelecidos a partir do escore Z foram: para a condição miofuncional orofacial 95,79 ± 3,74; para a média da força de mordida direita e esquerda 431,08 ± 138,01N; para a média da força de bochechas direita e esquerda 17,92 ± 7,44N; para a força de língua na região anterior 9,45 ± 4,01N; para a força de língua na região de dorso 13,44 ± 5,46N; para a força de lábios 4,31 ± 1,48N; para a eficiência mastigatória habitual 0,72 ± 0,31µg/ml; para a eficiência mastigatória a direita 0,71 ± 0,30µg/ml e para a eficiência mastigatória a esquerda 0,78 ± 0,37µg/ml. Não foram encontradas correlações entre os índices de desempenho das forças orofaciais e da eficiência mastigatória (r=0,102, p>0,05), entre o índice de desempenho das forças orofaciais e a condição miofuncional orofacial (r=-0,005, p>0,05), nem entre o índice de desempenho da eficiência mastigatória e a condição miofuncional orofacial (r=0,059, p>0,05). Não foi observado neste estudo relação entre a biomecânica orofacial e a eficiência mastigatória. / The definition of reference values of healthy subjects is a fundamental parameter for the diagnosis in health. The aims of this study were to establish reference values based on standardized score for the orofacial myofunctional condition, for the orofacial strength and for the masticatory efficiency, and to analyze the relationships between them, after establishing a performance index for orofacial strength and masticatory efficiency. From a total of 316 subjects, 50 participants were selected, 21 men and 29 women, ranging from 18 to 40 years old, without temporomandibular disorder, no orofacial myofunctional disorder and presenting normal occlusion. Subjects were assessed using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation Protocol with Scores (OMES) to investigate the orofacial myofunctional condition. The orofacial strength evaluated were maximal isometric bite forces on the right and left sides, maximal isometric cheeks strength on the right and left sides, maximal isometric tongue strength on the anterior and dorsum region and maximal isometric lips strength using an electronic dynamometer Kratos®. The values were recorded in Newton (N). The mean value of three trials of each orofacial strength was obtained. The masticatory efficiency was analyzed by colorimetric method with beads. The fuchsine concentration in micrograms per milliliter (µg/ml) was obtained. The masticatory efficiency was evaluated in three conditions: habitual, right and left unilateral chewing, for 20 seconds each one. For all variables, the Z scores were calculated to determine the reference values and cutoff values that differentiate the normal and abnormal subjects. The orofacial strength and masticatory efficiency values were transformed into the performance index, for 34 participants that were defined as normal subjects. The random error was calculated for all variables. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation test, using the MedCalc® program and the level of significance was p<0.05. The reference values (mean and standard deviation), established from the Z score, were 95.79 ± 3.74 for the orofacial myofunctional condition; 431.08 ± 138.01N for the maximal isometric bite force; 17.92 ± 7.44N for the maximal isometric cheeks strength; 9.45 ± 4.01N for the maximal isometric tongue strength in the anterior region; 13.44 ± 5.46N for the maximal isometric tongue strength in the dorsum region; 4.31 ± 1.48N for the maximal isometric lips strength; 0.72 ± 0.31µg/ml for the habitual masticatory efficiency; 0.71 ± 0.30µg/ml for the right masticatory efficiency, 0.78 ± 0.37µg/ml for the left masticatory efficiency. No correlations were found neither between the orofacial strength performance index and masticatory efficiency performance index (r=0.102, p>0.05), the orofacial strength performance index and orofacial myofunctional condition (r=-0.005, p>0.05), nor between the masticatory efficiency performance index and orofacial myofunctional condition (r=0.059, p>0.05). There was no relationship between the biomechanics orofacial and masticatory efficiency in this study.

Na literatura, há apenas um protocolo de avaliação miofuncional orofacial validado, o Protocolo de avaliação miofuncional orofacial com escores (AMIOFE) (Felício e Ferreira, 2008). Apesar da reconhecida importância da avaliação perceptiva esta apresenta certas limitações devido à sua subjetividade, além disso, a maior precisão nos resultados é obtida com escalas numéricas de avaliação mais amplas. As escalas numéricas e o número de itens a serem avaliados pelo protocolo AMIOFE foram ampliados, visando possibilitar a detecção e registro de pequenas diferenças nas características físicas e nos comportamentos orofaciais entre-sujeitos e variações intra-sujeito ao longo do tempo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever o Protocolo AMIOFE ampliado (AMIOFE-A), analisar a validade, a confiabilidade e a concordância, bem como investigar os valores de sensibilidade, de especificidade e preditivos do protocolo proposto. A amostra para o presente estudo foi composta de imagens registradas e vídeo de 50 crianças, 25 meninos (média de idade=8,4 anos, desvio padrão=1,8) e 25 meninas (media de idade=8,2 anos, desvio padrão=1,7). Três fonoaudiólogas preparadas para avaliação miofuncional orofacial foram escolhidas após a análise da habilidade delas para usar o protocolo AMIOFE. Para a análise da validade de critério do protocolo AMIOFE-A as crianças foram avaliadas individualmente pela análise das imagens gravadas em DVD pelos protocolos AMIOFE e AMIOFE-A. Para a complementação da validade de critério foi realizada a testagem da confiabilidade e da concordância de aplicação e/ou de interpretação do AMIOFE-A. Foram empregados os testes estatísticos de correlação de Spearman e o método de confiabiliadade Split-half, com nível de significância a 0,05, também foi calculado o coeficiente Kappa ponderado linear (Kw), os valores de sensibilidade (S), a especificidade (E), os valores preditivos (VP+ e VP-) e a prevalência (P). Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as avaliações realizadas com os protocolos AMIOFE e AMIOE-A, os valores, de acordo com os examinadores, foram E1 (r=0,81, p<0,01), E2 (r=0,79, p<0,01) e E3 (r=0,94, p<0,01). A concordância entre os protocolos foram para E1 de 0,89, de 0,88 para E2, e de 0,97 para E3. Os valores dos coeficientes de correlação e de confiabilidade entre o testereteste com o AMIOFE-A foram: E1 (r=0,86, 0,93), E2 (r=0,75, 0,86) e E3 (r=0,80, 0,89). Os valores dos coeficientes de correlação e de confiabilidade entre examinadoras com o AMIOFE-A foram: E1 x E2 (r=0,74, 0,84), E1 x E3 (r=0,70, 0,83), todos com p<0,01. A força de concordância do Kw para a aplicação do protocolo AMIOFE-A, tanto para as análises teste-reteste quanto para as entre examinadores, predominantes foram moderada e boa. Para o protocolo AMIOFE-A foram encontradas médias dos valores de S de 0,91, de E de 0,77, dos VP+ de 0,87 e VP- de 0,85. A prevalência média dos distúrbios miofuncionais orofaciais foi de 0,58. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o Protocolo AMIOFE-A é válido e confiável para avaliação miofuncional orofacial e possui boas sensibilidade e especificidade, bem como bons valores preditivos positivo e negativo. / In the literature, there is only one instrument validated for the clinical evaluation of the orofacial myofunctional condition of children, the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation Protocol with Scores (OMES) (Felício and Ferreira, 2008). In spite of recognized importance of the perceptible evaluation this present some limitations because your subjectivity, and, the increase of precision in the results is provided with numerical scales with more information. The numerical scales and the items number evaluations for OMES protocol were extended, with aim for possibility the detection and note of difference smalls in the characteristics physics and in the orofacial behaviors entre-subjects and variation intra-subject in the time. This study had with objective describe the OMES protocol extended (OMES-E), analyze the validity, the reliability and the correlation, as well as investigate the values of sensitivity, of specificity and predictive values of the OMES-E. The sample for the study compounded of images and videos of 50 children, 25 boys (mean age=8.4 years, standard deviation=1.8) and 25 girls (mean age=8.2 years, standard deviation=1.7). Three speech therapists (E1, E2 and E3) properly calibrated in orofacial myofuncional evaluation were choosed after analysis of ability of the examiners in to use the OMES protocol. To analysis of criterion validity of OMES-E protocol the children were evaluated individually for the analysis of images recorded on DVD for the protocols OMES and OMES-E. To complement the criterion validity was carried out the test of the correlations and of the reability of the applications and/or of the interpretation of the OMES-E. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistics software based on the split-half reliability method, the level of significance was set at 0.05, Spearman correlation coefficient, the coefficient Kappa weighted linear (Kw), the sensitivity (S), specificity (E), predictive values (VP+ e VP-) and the prevalence (P) were also calculated. Was statistically significant correlation between the evaluations with the OMES and OMES-E protocols, the values, in agreement with the examiners, were E1 (r=0.81, p<0.01), E2 (r=0.79, p<0.01) and E3 (r=0.94, p<0.01). The reliability between protocols were to E1 0.89, to E2 0.88, and to E3 0.97. The correlations and reliability values between the testretest with the OMES-E were: E1 (r=0,86, 0,93), E2 (r=0.75, 0.86) e E3 (r=0.80, 0.89). The correlations and reliability values between examiners with the OMES-E were: E1 x E2 (r=0.74, 0.84), E1 x E3 (r=0.70, 0.83), all with p<0.01. The Kw strength of agreement to the OMES-E protocol apply, for the analyses test-retest and to analyses between examiners, predominant were moderate and good. To the OMES-E protocol were found mean values of 0.91 for the S, of 0.77 for the E, of 0.87 for the VP+ and of 0.85 for the VP-. The prevalence mean of myofuncional disorder was 0.58. The OMES-E protocol proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for orofacial myofuncional evaluation and have goods sensitivity and specificity, as well as predictive values.

Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL) / This study explores the assessment practices of adult educators in Mamelodi Adult Learning Centers using a qualitative methodology. The study recognizes that assessment is an important activity within the education and training enterprise since it can be used to improve the quality of teaching as well as improve and support the learning process. The study sets out to investigate how Mamelodi adult educators conceptualize assessment; the skills levels of these educators; the nature of support and training these educators received to enhance their assessment practices; the different assessment methods employed by the adult educators to assess learners; and the educational validity and efficacy of these practices. / South Africa

Bakgrund: Det svenska näringslivet präglas av digitalisering. Därtill har dagens företag anpassat sig efter omgivningen och bedriver sina processer mer digitalt. Inom området Human Resources är rekryteringsprocessen under digital konstruktion, med fördelar för företag i form av tid och kostnadseffektivitet. I denna förändring är kandidaters perspektiv av digitala steg i rekryteringsprocessen ett begränsat forskningsområde. Kandidatupplevelsen ska vårdas under rekryteringsprocessens förlopp i syfte att behålla ett gott företagsrykte på marknaden. Däremot är en upplevelse något som kan variera från individ till individ vilket kan tas i beaktande vid val av olika digitala rekryteringsmetoder. Denna studies syfte kan bidra till forskning och företag genom att beskriva vad som är en bra respektive sämre kandidatupplevelse av de olika stegen som tillämpas i den digitala rekryteringsprocessen. Syfte: Att beskriva kandidaters upplevelse av en digital rekryteringsprocess.  Metod: Studien har induktiv forskningsansats med viss deduktivism då syfte är baserat på förkunskap. För att beskriva kandidaters upplevelse har en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med tvärsnittdesign genomförts med en enkätundersökning bestående av 111 respondenter. För att nå en beskrivning ligger statistisk empiri i grund för att se variationer och samband i kandidaters upplevelser. Genomgående har studien ett tolkande och konstruktionistiskt förhållningsätt då upplevelser är av social konstruktion, därtill har empiri tolkats med en kvalitativ teoretisk förankring i forskningsområdet.  Slutsats: Empiriskt resultat visar på att kandidater har övergripande bra upplevelser av en digital rekryteringsprocess, däremot förekommer det variationer i värdering av upplevelse beroende av vilken urvalsmetod som tillämpas. Tillsammans med kvalitativ teoretisk tolkning kan slutsats dras att huruvida upplevelse är av bra eller sämre karaktär, är beroende av kandidatens erfarenhet av teknologi, kandidatens egen upplevelse av en rättvis bedömning samt kvalitén på digital kommunikation från rekryterare. / Background: The Swedish industry is influenced by digitalization which is seen among companies who have transformed their processes to digitalized. Within the field of Human Resources, it is acknowledged that the recruitment process is becoming more digitalized. This has given companies advantages in terms of cost and time efficiency. The job candidates’ perspective in this digital change is not a broadly explored research subject. For companies it is important to stimulate the candidate experience to keep a good reputation on the job market. Although, an experience can be valuated differently depending on the individual. This study could therefore contribute to research in the area and give practical implications for companies, with a description of a good and less good experience of digital elements in the recruitment process.  Purpose: To describe candidates’ experiences of a digital recruitment process  Method: The study has an inductive approach with a certain deductivism, based on prior knowledge in the research field. A cross-sectional study of quantitative nature was realized through a survey consisting of 111 respondents. The survey contributed with empirical statistics of variations and relationships between candidates’ experiences. The study applies an interpretative approach towards individual experiences. Therefore, is empirical statistics interpretated with a qualitative literature research in the area.  Conclusion: The empirical results showed that candidates’ share an overall good experience of a digital recruitments process but variations in individual experiences were identified depending on selection and assessment methods. The conclusion of the empirical results and qualitative interpretation of the results is that candidates have an overall good experience of a digital recruitment process and how the candidates´ valuates his or her experience can be dependent on technological knowledge, perceived fairness and quality of digital communication.

My diploma thesis focuses on formative assessment of natural sciences, such as Biology and Chemistry on the ISCED 2 and 3 level. The aim of the work is to introduce formative assessment as such and to present designs of materials and activities for formative evaluation development in natural sciences. The theoretical part examines the school assessment matter. It describes a formative assessment in detail including assessing methods and techniques. The aim of the empirical part was to map materials for formative assessment development in the school subjects of Biology and Chemistry. Moreover, all the materials were tested in practice. Another goal was to identify what was the effect of using the new methods of formative assessment in the school. It also explores the possibility of students attitude change in learning and whether it successfully affected their performance in the subjects. The research method used in the work was action research which was conducted in the author's teaching. Interviews in focus groups in third year of four-year academy and fifth year of eighth-year academy at a private grammar school were used for the collection of data. The research findings show that using methods such as feedback, peer evaluation and evaluation according to defined criteria in Biology and Chemistry...

The dissertation deals with the issue of guest workers in the home with special regime. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with human resource management, as described in the literature. The essential question is to link a system of evaluation in the Organization, with the achievement of mission and objectives of the organization. The work focuses on the links between performance management and evaluation of staff. Further focuses on the evaluation criteria, the various forms and the methods of evaluation, and also on the assumptions and the skills of the evaluator, but also the assumptions of investigational agents, their ability to reflect on their work and the ability of self assessment. In the practical part of the thesis I introduce the organization, in which it is carried out of the investigation. In the framework of this investigation is carried out the analysis of the system of evaluation in the organization, whose aim was to find out what is the current status of the system of evaluation of employees in the organization and identify options for further development and to propose possible changes that will lead to the development of both the workers and the entire organization. On the basis of these outputs is designed the new methodology to...

В 1-й главе рассмотрена роль конкурентоспособности продукции в деятельности предприятия, её влияние на показатели коммерческой деятельности предприятия. В разделе приведены определения понятия «конкурентоспособность», приведены методы оценки конкурентоспособности. Приведена информация о сегментации рынка датчиков давления, основные типы и принцип действия датчиков. Во 2-й главе приведена характеристика предприятия АО «НПК «ВИП». В данном разделе определена позиция АО «НПК «ВИП» в конкурентной среде такими методами как компетентностный профиль предприятия, матрица БКГ, конкурентная звезда, а также выявлен тип конкурентного преимущества. В главе проведена постановка задач по изменениям на основе проведенного SWOT-анализа, предложены проекты для реализации. Был проведен анализ хозяйственной деятельности организации, на основе которого сделаны выводы. Проведен расчет конкурентоспособности продукции. На основе проведенного исследования были выявлены проблемы на предприятии и предложен комплекс мероприятий, способствующих повышению конкурентоспособности продукции компании. В 3-й главе предложены методы повышения конкурентоспособности продукции АО «НПК «ВИП». Рассчитано возможное снижение цены изделия за счет внедрения данных методов. Проведен повторный расчет конкурентоспособности, подтверждающий эффективность предложенных методов. / The 1st chapter considers the role of product competitiveness in the enterprise's activities, its impact on the enterprise's commercial performance. The section provides definitions of the concept of "competitiveness," provides methods for assessing competitiveness. Information on segmentation of pressure sensors market, basic types and principle of sensors operation is given. Chapter 2 describes the enterprise of JSC NPK VIP. This section defines the position of JSC NPK VIP in the competitive environment by such methods as the competent profile of the enterprise, the BKG matrix, the competitive star, and also identifies the type of competitive advantage. In the chapter, change tasks were set based on the SWOT analysis, projects for implementation were proposed. An analysis of the business activities of the organization was carried out, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn. The competitiveness of the products has been calculated. On the basis of the conducted research, problems were identified at the enterprise and a set of measures was proposed to increase the competitiveness of the company's products. The 3rd chapter proposes methods to increase the competitiveness of the products of JSC NPK VIP. The possible reduction of the product price is calculated due to the implementation of these methods. A re-calculation of competitiveness was carried out, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех частей, заключения, библиографического списка, приложения. В теоретической части представлены основные понятия, цели, задачи, функции, методы и принципы системы обучения персонала, а также рассмотрена система обучения персонала в условиях четвертой промышленной революции. В практической части описывается деятельность организации, количественная и качественная характеристика персонала, а также анализ системы обучения персонала и даны предложения по усовершенствованию системы обучения персонала на АО «ПО «УОМЗ» с учетом четвертой промышленной революции. В заключении сделан вывод в соответствии с поставленными задачами. / The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three parts, a conclusion, a bibliography, and an appendix. The theoretical part presents the basic concepts, goals, objectives, functions, methods and principles of the personnel training system, and also examines the personnel training system in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution. The practical part describes the activities of the organization, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of personnel, as well as an analysis of the personnel training system and provides proposals for improving the personnel training system at JSC PA UOMP, taking into account the fourth industrial revolution. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn in accordance with the objectives.

The present thesis is concerned with the construction of by-pass road of the town Roudnice nad Labem and its potential impacts. It briefly describes traffic situation in Roudnice and possible solutions of traffic issues of the town. Theoretical section of the thesis defines a cost-benefit analysis and other assessment methods used for civic projects. The thesis also focuses on external cost and the contribution traffic brings in general as well as with respect to the particular area. The data acquired have been used for drawing a project CBA which addresses the matter of civic efficiency of the construction.