A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) apresenta quatro fases em sua estrutura metodológica, que podem ser encontradas em normas como a ISO 14.040 e ISO 14.044. A Avaliação de Impacto do Ciclo de Vida (AICV) é a terceira fase da ACV e utiliza métodos e modelos de caracterização para avaliar a importância de intervenções ambientais contidas no Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV). Os métodos para a AICV mais utilizados são em sua maioria desenvolvidos em países da Europa, embora sejam aplicados em diferentes partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as características e a aplicabilidade dos principais métodos de AICV e verificar o escopo dos modelos de caracterização para a categoria de impacto acidificação a fim de fornecer subsídios para aplicação desses métodos e modelos no Brasil. Por meio da revisão bibliográfica as informações referentes a cada método foram classificadas de acordo com as categorias de comparação: categorias de impacto abordadas, nível de avaliação do impacto, abrangência de aplicação e existência ou não de metodologias para normalização e ponderação. Dessa forma a análise realizada identifica que a maioria das categorias de impacto dos métodos CML 2002, EDIP 97, EPS 2000, USEtox e IMPACT World+ apresentam escopo de aplicação classificado como global, sendo recomendados, para estas categorias, para uso no Brasil. Com a finalidade de auxiliar com informações sobre os modelos de caracterização para a categoria de impacto acidificação, por meio da revisão bibliográfica foi possível analisar os procedimentos e parâmetros de cálculos utilizados por cada modelo para esta categoria. A análise comparativa entre os modelos, com base na revisão bibliográfica, foi feita a partir dos seguintes critérios: substâncias abordadas, ano e região de referência dos fatores de caracterização, parâmetros usados nos cálculos, dados necessários, ano e área de coleta dos dados, resolução espacial, relevância ambiental, robustez científica e exatidão, e documentação, transparência e reprodutibilidade. O modelo Accumulated Exceedance apresentou a melhor avaliação frente a esses critérios e, portanto, é recomendado como referência inicial para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos metodológicos que suportem a aplicação desse modelo no Brasil. Para que isso seja possível é necessário que esse modelo de caracterização seja complementado por um modelo de destino atmosférico adequado à realidade brasileira. Isto posto, pretende-se subsidiar, tanto pelo procedimento adotado quanto pelos resultados obtidos, pesquisas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento de modelos de caracterização, para diferentes categorias de impacto, que representem as características específicas regionais do Brasil durante a AICV. / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has four phases in its methodological framework, which can be found in standards such as ISO 14,040 and ISO 14,044. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is the third phase of LCA and uses characterization models and methods to assess the importance of environmental interventions contained in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). The methods most commonly used for LCIA are mostly developed in European countries, although applied in different parts of the world, including Brazil. This research aims to analyze the characteristics and the applicability of the main methods of LCIA and to check the characterization models scope for acidification impact category in order to provide support for application of these methods and models in Brazil. Through the LCIA methods review their information were classified according to the criteria: impact categories addressed, impact assessment level, scope of application and the existence or not of methodologies for normalization and weighting. Thus, the analysis identifies that most impact categories of CML 2002, EDIP 97, EPS 2000, USEtox and IMPACT World+ methods present scope of application classified as global, being recommended for these categories for the use in Brazil. In order to assist with information about the characterization models for acidification impact category through the literature review it was possible to analyze the procedures and the calculation parameters used by each model for this category. The comparative analysis between the models, based on review, was done based on the following criteria: substances addressed, reference year and region of characterization factors, parameters used in the calculations, necessary data, year and area of data collection, spatial resolution, environmental relevance, scientific robustness and accuracy, and documentation, transparency and reproducibility. The Accumulated Exceedance model presented the best assessment against these criteria and is therefore recommended as initial reference for the development of methodological procedures that support the application of this model in Brazil. To make this possible it is necessary that this characterization model is complemented by an atmospheric fate model appropriate to the Brazilian reality. That said, it is intended to subsidize, through the procedures adopted and the results obtained, research directed to the development of characterization models, for different impact categories, which represent the specific regional characteristics of Brazil during the LCIA.

Esta Tese propõe duas métricas objetivas para avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vídeos sujeitos a degradações de transmissão em uma rede de pacotes. A primeira métrica usa apenas o vídeo degradado, enquanto que a segunda usa os vídeos de referência e degradado. Esta última é uma métrica de referência completa (FR - Full Reference) chamada de QCM (Quadratic Combinational Metric) e a primeira é uma métrica sem referência (NR - No Reference) chamada de VQOM (Viewing Quality Objective Metric). Em particular, o procedimento de projeto é aplicado à degradação de variação de atraso de pacotes (PDV - Packet Delay Variation). A métrica NR é descrita por uma spline cúbica composta por dois polinômios cúbicos que se encontram suavemente num ponto chamado de nó. Para o projeto de ambas métricas, colhem-se opiniões de observadores a respeito das sequências de vídeo degradadas que compõem o conjunto. A função objetiva inclui o erro quadrático total entre as opiniões e suas estimativas paramétricas, ainda consideradas como expressões algébricas. Acrescentam-se à função objetiva três condições de igualdades de derivadas tomadas no nó, cuja posição é especificada dentro de uma grade fina de pontos entre o valor mínimo e o valor máximo do fator de degradação. Essas condições são afetadas por multiplicadores de Lagrange e adicionadas à função objetiva, obtendo-se o lagrangiano, que é minimizado pela determinação dos coeficientes subótimos dos polinômios em função de cada valor do nó na grade. Finalmente escolhe-se o valor do nó que produz o erro quadrático mínimo, determinando assim os valores finais para dos coeficientes do polinômio. Por outro lado, a métrica FR é uma combinação não-linear de duas métricas populares, a PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) e a SSIM (Structural Similarity Index). Um polinômio completo de segundo grau de duas variáveis é usado para realizar a combinação, porque é sensível a ambas métricas constituintes, evitando o sobreajuste em decorrência do baixo grau. Na fase de treinamento, o conjunto de valores dos coeficientes do polinômio é determinado através da minimização do erro quadrático médio para as opiniões sobre a base de dados de treino. Ambas métricas, a VQOM e a QCM, são treinadas e validadas usando uma base de dados, e testadas com outra independente. Os resultados de teste são comparados com métricas NR e FR recentes através de coeficientes de correlação, obtendo-se resultados favoráveis para as métricas propostas. / This dissertation proposes two objective metrics for estimating human perception of quality for video subject to transmission degradation over packet networks. The first metric just uses traffic data while the second one uses both the degraded and the reference video sequences. That is, the latter is a full reference (FR) metric called Quadratic Combinational Metric (QCM) and the former one is a no reference (NR) metric called Viewing Quality Objective Metric (VQOM). In particular, the design procedure is applied to packet delay variation (PDV) impairments, whose compensation or control is very important to maintain quality. The NR metric is described by a cubic spline composed of two cubic polynomials that meet smoothly at a point called a knot. As the first step in the design of either metric, the spectators score a training set of degraded video sequences. The objective function for designing the NR metric includes the total square error between the scores and their parametric estimates, still regarded as algebraic expressions. In addition, the objective function is augmented by the addition of three equality constraints for the derivatives at the knot, whose position is specified within a fine grid of points between the minimum value and the maximum value of the degradation factor. These constraints are affected by Lagrange multipliers and added to the objective function to obtain the Lagrangian, which is minimized by the suboptimal polynomial coefficients determined as a function of each knot in the grid. Finally, the knot value is selected that yields the minimum square error. By means of the selected knot value, the final values of the polynomial coefficients are determined. On the other hand, the FR metric is a nonlinear combination of two popular metrics, namely, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). A complete second-degree two-variable polynomial is used for the combination since it is sensitive to both constituent metrics while avoiding overfitting. In the training phase, the set of values for the coefficients of this polynomial is determined by minimizing the mean square error to the opinions over the training database. Both metrics, the VQOM and the QCM, are trained and validated using one database and tested with a different one. The test results are compared with recent NR and FR metrics by means of correlation coefficients, obtaining favorable results for the proposed metrics.

A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) apresenta quatro fases em sua estrutura metodológica, que podem ser encontradas em normas como a ISO 14.040 e ISO 14.044. A Avaliação de Impacto do Ciclo de Vida (AICV) é a terceira fase da ACV e utiliza métodos e modelos de caracterização para avaliar a importância de intervenções ambientais contidas no Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV). Os métodos para a AICV mais utilizados são em sua maioria desenvolvidos em países da Europa, embora sejam aplicados em diferentes partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as características e a aplicabilidade dos principais métodos de AICV e verificar o escopo dos modelos de caracterização para a categoria de impacto acidificação a fim de fornecer subsídios para aplicação desses métodos e modelos no Brasil. Por meio da revisão bibliográfica as informações referentes a cada método foram classificadas de acordo com as categorias de comparação: categorias de impacto abordadas, nível de avaliação do impacto, abrangência de aplicação e existência ou não de metodologias para normalização e ponderação. Dessa forma a análise realizada identifica que a maioria das categorias de impacto dos métodos CML 2002, EDIP 97, EPS 2000, USEtox e IMPACT World+ apresentam escopo de aplicação classificado como global, sendo recomendados, para estas categorias, para uso no Brasil. Com a finalidade de auxiliar com informações sobre os modelos de caracterização para a categoria de impacto acidificação, por meio da revisão bibliográfica foi possível analisar os procedimentos e parâmetros de cálculos utilizados por cada modelo para esta categoria. A análise comparativa entre os modelos, com base na revisão bibliográfica, foi feita a partir dos seguintes critérios: substâncias abordadas, ano e região de referência dos fatores de caracterização, parâmetros usados nos cálculos, dados necessários, ano e área de coleta dos dados, resolução espacial, relevância ambiental, robustez científica e exatidão, e documentação, transparência e reprodutibilidade. O modelo Accumulated Exceedance apresentou a melhor avaliação frente a esses critérios e, portanto, é recomendado como referência inicial para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos metodológicos que suportem a aplicação desse modelo no Brasil. Para que isso seja possível é necessário que esse modelo de caracterização seja complementado por um modelo de destino atmosférico adequado à realidade brasileira. Isto posto, pretende-se subsidiar, tanto pelo procedimento adotado quanto pelos resultados obtidos, pesquisas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento de modelos de caracterização, para diferentes categorias de impacto, que representem as características específicas regionais do Brasil durante a AICV. / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has four phases in its methodological framework, which can be found in standards such as ISO 14,040 and ISO 14,044. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is the third phase of LCA and uses characterization models and methods to assess the importance of environmental interventions contained in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). The methods most commonly used for LCIA are mostly developed in European countries, although applied in different parts of the world, including Brazil. This research aims to analyze the characteristics and the applicability of the main methods of LCIA and to check the characterization models scope for acidification impact category in order to provide support for application of these methods and models in Brazil. Through the LCIA methods review their information were classified according to the criteria: impact categories addressed, impact assessment level, scope of application and the existence or not of methodologies for normalization and weighting. Thus, the analysis identifies that most impact categories of CML 2002, EDIP 97, EPS 2000, USEtox and IMPACT World+ methods present scope of application classified as global, being recommended for these categories for the use in Brazil. In order to assist with information about the characterization models for acidification impact category through the literature review it was possible to analyze the procedures and the calculation parameters used by each model for this category. The comparative analysis between the models, based on review, was done based on the following criteria: substances addressed, reference year and region of characterization factors, parameters used in the calculations, necessary data, year and area of data collection, spatial resolution, environmental relevance, scientific robustness and accuracy, and documentation, transparency and reproducibility. The Accumulated Exceedance model presented the best assessment against these criteria and is therefore recommended as initial reference for the development of methodological procedures that support the application of this model in Brazil. To make this possible it is necessary that this characterization model is complemented by an atmospheric fate model appropriate to the Brazilian reality. That said, it is intended to subsidize, through the procedures adopted and the results obtained, research directed to the development of characterization models, for different impact categories, which represent the specific regional characteristics of Brazil during the LCIA.

Esta Tese propõe duas métricas objetivas para avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vídeos sujeitos a degradações de transmissão em uma rede de pacotes. A primeira métrica usa apenas o vídeo degradado, enquanto que a segunda usa os vídeos de referência e degradado. Esta última é uma métrica de referência completa (FR - Full Reference) chamada de QCM (Quadratic Combinational Metric) e a primeira é uma métrica sem referência (NR - No Reference) chamada de VQOM (Viewing Quality Objective Metric). Em particular, o procedimento de projeto é aplicado à degradação de variação de atraso de pacotes (PDV - Packet Delay Variation). A métrica NR é descrita por uma spline cúbica composta por dois polinômios cúbicos que se encontram suavemente num ponto chamado de nó. Para o projeto de ambas métricas, colhem-se opiniões de observadores a respeito das sequências de vídeo degradadas que compõem o conjunto. A função objetiva inclui o erro quadrático total entre as opiniões e suas estimativas paramétricas, ainda consideradas como expressões algébricas. Acrescentam-se à função objetiva três condições de igualdades de derivadas tomadas no nó, cuja posição é especificada dentro de uma grade fina de pontos entre o valor mínimo e o valor máximo do fator de degradação. Essas condições são afetadas por multiplicadores de Lagrange e adicionadas à função objetiva, obtendo-se o lagrangiano, que é minimizado pela determinação dos coeficientes subótimos dos polinômios em função de cada valor do nó na grade. Finalmente escolhe-se o valor do nó que produz o erro quadrático mínimo, determinando assim os valores finais para dos coeficientes do polinômio. Por outro lado, a métrica FR é uma combinação não-linear de duas métricas populares, a PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) e a SSIM (Structural Similarity Index). Um polinômio completo de segundo grau de duas variáveis é usado para realizar a combinação, porque é sensível a ambas métricas constituintes, evitando o sobreajuste em decorrência do baixo grau. Na fase de treinamento, o conjunto de valores dos coeficientes do polinômio é determinado através da minimização do erro quadrático médio para as opiniões sobre a base de dados de treino. Ambas métricas, a VQOM e a QCM, são treinadas e validadas usando uma base de dados, e testadas com outra independente. Os resultados de teste são comparados com métricas NR e FR recentes através de coeficientes de correlação, obtendo-se resultados favoráveis para as métricas propostas. / This dissertation proposes two objective metrics for estimating human perception of quality for video subject to transmission degradation over packet networks. The first metric just uses traffic data while the second one uses both the degraded and the reference video sequences. That is, the latter is a full reference (FR) metric called Quadratic Combinational Metric (QCM) and the former one is a no reference (NR) metric called Viewing Quality Objective Metric (VQOM). In particular, the design procedure is applied to packet delay variation (PDV) impairments, whose compensation or control is very important to maintain quality. The NR metric is described by a cubic spline composed of two cubic polynomials that meet smoothly at a point called a knot. As the first step in the design of either metric, the spectators score a training set of degraded video sequences. The objective function for designing the NR metric includes the total square error between the scores and their parametric estimates, still regarded as algebraic expressions. In addition, the objective function is augmented by the addition of three equality constraints for the derivatives at the knot, whose position is specified within a fine grid of points between the minimum value and the maximum value of the degradation factor. These constraints are affected by Lagrange multipliers and added to the objective function to obtain the Lagrangian, which is minimized by the suboptimal polynomial coefficients determined as a function of each knot in the grid. Finally, the knot value is selected that yields the minimum square error. By means of the selected knot value, the final values of the polynomial coefficients are determined. On the other hand, the FR metric is a nonlinear combination of two popular metrics, namely, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). A complete second-degree two-variable polynomial is used for the combination since it is sensitive to both constituent metrics while avoiding overfitting. In the training phase, the set of values for the coefficients of this polynomial is determined by minimizing the mean square error to the opinions over the training database. Both metrics, the VQOM and the QCM, are trained and validated using one database and tested with a different one. The test results are compared with recent NR and FR metrics by means of correlation coefficients, obtaining favorable results for the proposed metrics.

Orientador: Rafael Montanari / Resumo: A variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos do solo é importante indicador de manejo localizado nas áreas agrosilvopastoris. No ano agrícola de 2009/10 em Selvíria (MS), analisaram-se os componentes de produção da soja e atributos físicos da relação massa/volume de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico em plantio direto, com objetivo de encontrar correlações lineares e espaciais entre eles. Foi instalada uma malha geoestatística para a coleta dos dados, totalizando 99 pontos amostrais numa área de 10 ha. Os atributos do solo, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m foram: a densidade do solo, DS (métodos do anel volumétrico e do torrão parafinado), densidade de partículas do solo, DP (métodos do balão volumétrico e do balão volumétrico modificado) e a porosidade total do solo, PT, utilizando os valores de DS e DP dos diferentes métodos de determinação, calculada pela fórmula PT= (1-DS/DP). Os componentes de produção da soja foram: número de vagens por planta (NVP), número de grãos por vagem (NGV), massa de cem grãos (MCG), massa de grãos por planta (MGP), população de plantas (POP), altura de plantas (ALT) e produtividade de grãos obtida (PGO). Alguns dos componentes de produção da soja e dos atributos físicos do solo revelaram dependência espacial, possibilitando mapear a área de produção. Assim, os alcances geoestatísticos recomendados para futuras pesquisas deverão estar entre 273 e 526,5 m. Espacialmente, foi possível estimar a PGO pela co-krigagem com a MGP; com a DS (mé... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The soil physical attributes spatial variability is an important indicator of localized management practices in the agrosilvopastoral areas. In the 2009/2010 agricultural year in Selvíria (MS), soybean yield components and physical attributes of the mass/volume ratio of a dystroferric Red Latosol (Typic Acrustox) under a no-tillage system were analyzed in order to find linear and spatial correlations between them. It was installed a geostatistical grid to collect the data, totalizing 99 sampling points in an area of 10 ha. The soil attributes in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers were: soil bulk density, BD (volumetric ring and paraffin sealed clod methods), soil particle density, PD (volumetric flask and modified volumetric flask methods) and total soil porosity, TP, calculated by the resulting ratio between BD and PD, using the formula TP = (1-BD/PD). The components of soybean yield were: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains, grain mass per plant, plant population, plant height and soybean yield. Some of the determined soybean yield components and some of the physical soil attributes revealed spatial dependence, making it possible to map the yield area. Thus, the recommended geostatistical ranges for further researches thus shall be between 273 and 526.5 m. Spatially, it was possible to estimate the soybean yield by co-kriging it with the grain mass per plant; and with the soil bulk density (volumetric ring method) of 0.00-0.10 m; and wit... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

<p>The aim of the present thesis was to study elderly self-managing and disabled women’s dietary intake and meals in relation to age, household structure (single-living or cohabitant), disability and cooking ability. The women were aged 64-88 years and living at home, in the mid-eastern part of Sweden. The self-managing women were randomly selected. The disabled women – suffering from Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis or stroke – were selected from patient records. A total of 139 self-managing and 63 disabled women participated. Two dietary assessment methods were used: a repeated 24-h recall and a three-day estimated food diary, providing dietary intake for five non-consecutive days. The results indicate that elderly women still living in their homes seem to manage a sufficient dietary intake despite disability and high age. The reported energy intakes in all groups of women were low, which might be explained by an actual low intake and/or under-reporting. The portion sizes seemed to be smaller in the highest age group, leading to lower intakes of some nutrients. Thus also the nutrient density of the food should be given greater consideration. The meal pattern was shown to be regular and the distribution of main meals and snacks was found to be satisfactory. Meals and snacks that were defined as such by the women themselves thus seem to be more significant from an energy and nutritional perspective. Perceived cooking ability co-varied with energy and nutrient intake as well as with meal pattern.</p><p>Further, a qualitative dietary assessment method, FBCE, was analysed. It was concluded that it must be supplemented with a dietary assessment method providing energy intake figures to ensure a sufficient intake, especially when studying groups at risk for low energy intake. </p><p>Furthermore, the aim was to perform a dropout analysis. When studying older women and food, a low participation rate might be expected since the most active, the very ill as well as the disabled tend to decline participation, but also since food is a gender issue. Food could, especially for women, be a sensitive area of discussion, even though older women seem to choose "healthy foods" and eat "proper meals".</p>

The aim of the present thesis was to study elderly self-managing and disabled women’s dietary intake and meals in relation to age, household structure (single-living or cohabitant), disability and cooking ability. The women were aged 64-88 years and living at home, in the mid-eastern part of Sweden. The self-managing women were randomly selected. The disabled women – suffering from Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis or stroke – were selected from patient records. A total of 139 self-managing and 63 disabled women participated. Two dietary assessment methods were used: a repeated 24-h recall and a three-day estimated food diary, providing dietary intake for five non-consecutive days. The results indicate that elderly women still living in their homes seem to manage a sufficient dietary intake despite disability and high age. The reported energy intakes in all groups of women were low, which might be explained by an actual low intake and/or under-reporting. The portion sizes seemed to be smaller in the highest age group, leading to lower intakes of some nutrients. Thus also the nutrient density of the food should be given greater consideration. The meal pattern was shown to be regular and the distribution of main meals and snacks was found to be satisfactory. Meals and snacks that were defined as such by the women themselves thus seem to be more significant from an energy and nutritional perspective. Perceived cooking ability co-varied with energy and nutrient intake as well as with meal pattern. Further, a qualitative dietary assessment method, FBCE, was analysed. It was concluded that it must be supplemented with a dietary assessment method providing energy intake figures to ensure a sufficient intake, especially when studying groups at risk for low energy intake. Furthermore, the aim was to perform a dropout analysis. When studying older women and food, a low participation rate might be expected since the most active, the very ill as well as the disabled tend to decline participation, but also since food is a gender issue. Food could, especially for women, be a sensitive area of discussion, even though older women seem to choose "healthy foods" and eat "proper meals".

Att medarbetare är av existentiell betydelse för en organisations överlevnad är sedan länge känt. Därmed är rekrytering en av de viktigaste funktionerna inom HR för att attrahera rätt kompetens till organisationen då en misslyckad rekrytering vanligen leder till bortkastad tid och dyra rekryteringsprocesser. Något som kommit att få allt större betydelse vid urvalet och bedömningen av nya medarbetare är kandidaters personlighet. Forskning visar att personlighetsdrag spelar en stor roll när det kommer till framtida arbetsprestationer och förmågan att göra rätt bedömningar av människor är därför central. Teorier om synen på personlighet, kompetens, kompetensbaserad rekrytering och urval samt bedömningsmetoder och personlighetsbedömning används för att analysera studiens resultat. Denna kvalitativa studies övergripande syfte var att öka förståelsen för hur rekryterare bedömer en kandidats personlighet vid en rekryteringsprocess inom bemanningsföretag. Bemanningsföretag är företag som ständigt arbetar med rekrytering och uthyrning av personal, varför ett proaktivt bemanningsarbete krävs för att skapa en konkurrensfördel på marknaden. Inför denna fallstudie kontaktades tre av den svenska bemanningsbranschens största aktörer varav två rekryterare på vardera företag deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Personlighet ansågs generellt som något viktigt som samtliga rekryterare lade stor vikt vid under hela processens gång, från utformandet av kravprofilen till avslutande bedömning. Bedömningen skedde genom såväl test som intervju och referenstagning. Samtliga poängterade vikten av att alltid göra en helhetsbedömning av kandidaten och att det därmed var svårt att vikta exempelvis formella kompetenser mot personliga egenskaper. Resultatet visar att bemanningsbranschens arbete med personlighetsbedömning vid rekrytering utgår ifrån strukturerade bedömningsmetoder. Deras gedigna och proaktiva arbete med rekrytering lever upp till påståendet om att personalen är en organisations viktigaste resurs och vikten av att förstå innebörden av personlighetens betydelse i uttrycket ”rätt person på rätt plats”. / It's been long known that employees are of existential importance to an organization's survival. Thus, recruitment is one of the most important functions within HR to attract the right competence to the organization, as a failed recruitment usually leads to wasted time and expensive recruitment processes. Something that has come to play a growing role in the selection and evaluation of new employees is a candidate's personality. Research shows that personality traits play a big role when it comes to future job performance, and ability to make the right judgements of people are therefore essential. Theories about the perception of personality, competence, competency-based recruitment and selection, assessment methods and personality assessment are reviewed and used to analyze the results of this study. The aim of this qualitative study was to increase understanding of how recruiters assess a candidate's personality in a recruitment process within temporary work agencies. Temporary work agencies are companies which constantly works with recruitment and hiring of personnel, which is why a proactive work with staffing is needed to create a competitive advantage in the market. Prior to this case study three of the largest swedish temporary work agencies were contacted of whom two recruiters on each company participated in semi-structured interviews. Personality was generally considered as something important which all recruiters added great significance during the whole process, from the design of the requirements specification to the final assessment. Both tests, interview and references were a part of the personality assessment. The importance of always making an overall assessment of the candidate was emphasized and therefore difficult to weigh for example formal competences versus personal characteristics. The result shows that the temporary work agencies work with personality assessment when recruiting are based on structured methods of assessment. Their solid and proactive work with recruitment live up to the claim that the staff is an organization's most important resource and the importance of understanding the meaning of the personality significance of the expression ”right person in the right place”.

The dissertation examines the problem of students’ training and testing. To solve the problem, new model, algorithms and system have been developed and adapted. The developed system enables organizing of individual and group train-ing and self-control process. Integrated intelligent search subsystem helps to de-velop the study plan for the themes of interest. The system continuously moni-tors the user and can respond to his failure. The developed built environment computer learning subsystem performs practical calculations to assess the built environment projects. The main problem solved by development of the subsystem is reduction of time needed for users to create their own systems. Knowledge database created during the system devel-opment can be a good source of knowledge for new or similar projects evalua-tions. Calculation results can be saved for further research or shared with other users of the system. The dissertation consists of Introduction, 4 Chapters, Conclusions, Refer-ences, and List of Author’s Publications. The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the dissertation, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of results examined in the dissertation and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation, offering the material of made presentations in conferences... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama studentų mokymo ir testavimo problema. Problemai spręsti buvo sukurti ir pritaikyti nauji modeliai, algoritmai ir sistema. Sukurta sistema leidžia organizuoti individualų ir grupinį mokymo ir savikontrolės procesą. Integruota intelektinė paieškos posistemė leidžia sudaryti dominančios tematikos mokymosi planą. Sistema nuolat stebi vartotoją ir gali reaguoti į jo mokymosi nesėkmes. Sukurta kompiuterinio mokymo posistemė, skirta statiniams ir jų aplinkai, atlieka praktinį statinių ir jų aplinkos projektų vertinimą. Pagrindinė išspręsta problema kuriant posistemę yra laiko sąnaudų mažinimas, kurių reikėtų kuriant atskiras sistemas. Žinių bazė, kuri buvo sudaryta kuriant sistemą gali tapti pagrindu naujiems ar panašiems projektams vertinti. Skaičiavimo rezultatai gali būti išsaugoti tolesniems tyrimams atlikti arba jais galima dalintis su kitais sistemos vartotojais. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros sąrašas ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašas. Įvade aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos bei pranešimai konferencijose ir disertacijos struktūra. Pirmame disertacijos skyriuje atliekama literatūros apžvalga. Nagrinėjama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama studentų mokymo ir testavimo problema. Problemai spręsti buvo sukurti ir pritaikyti nauji modeliai, algoritmai ir sistema. Sukurta sistema leidžia organizuoti individualų ir grupinį mokymo ir savikontrolės procesą. Integruota intelektinė paieškos posistemė leidžia sudaryti dominančios tematikos mokymosi planą. Sistema nuolat stebi vartotoją ir gali reaguoti į jo mokymosi nesėkmes. Sukurta kompiuterinio mokymo posistemė, skirta statiniams ir jų aplinkai, atlieka praktinį statinių ir jų aplinkos projektų vertinimą. Pagrindinė išspręsta problema kuriant posistemę yra laiko sąnaudų mažinimas, kurių reikėtų kuriant atskiras sistemas. Žinių bazė, kuri buvo sudaryta kuriant sistemą gali tapti pagrindu naujiems ar panašiems projektams vertinti. Skaičiavimo rezultatai gali būti išsaugoti tolesniems tyrimams atlikti arba jais galima dalintis su kitais sistemos vartotojais. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros sąrašas ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašas. Įvade aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos bei pranešimai konferencijose ir disertacijos struktūra. Pirmame disertacijos skyriuje atliekama literatūros apžvalga. Nagrinėjama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The dissertation examines the problem of students’ training and testing. To solve the problem, new model, algorithms and system have been developed and adapted. The developed system enables organizing of individual and group train-ing and self-control process. Integrated intelligent search subsystem helps to de-velop the study plan for the themes of interest. The system continuously moni-tors the user and can respond to his failure. The developed built environment computer learning subsystem performs practical calculations to assess the built environment projects. The main problem solved by development of the subsystem is reduction of time needed for users to create their own systems. Knowledge database created during the system devel-opment can be a good source of knowledge for new or similar projects evalua-tions. Calculation results can be saved for further research or shared with other users of the system. The dissertation consists of Introduction, 4 Chapters, Conclusions, Refer-ences, and List of Author’s Publications. The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the dissertation, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of results examined in the dissertation and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation, offering the material of made presentations in conferences... [to full text]