This paper explores whether librarians have the tools to fulfil the requirements of the library law concerning patrons with ADHD and if there are any obstacles for librarians regarding this work; this is made possible by a survey sent to 38 libraries, resulting in 138 respondents. For data processing, evaluation and discussion, the study used a theoretical framework based on Säljö’s theory of the necessity of tools for human understanding and development, along with requirements listed by the Health and Human Services Department and IFLA for successfully working with people with ADHD. The results show that librarians do not have the required tools to work with patrons with ADHD and that the primary obstacles hindering them are a lack of knowledge, as well as the existence of misunderstandings regarding ADHD and the work with patrons with this diagnosis. The primary cause of these issues is an inadequate legal framework, which impacts all aspects connected to this work, from the education of librarians to their work with individual patrons within the daily operation of the libraries, adding to the stress that librarians are already experiencing in relation to their occupation.

Thirty one students with learning disabilities (LD) and/or with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) completed a combined Academic Attributional Style and Coping with Academic Failures Questionnaire. The reformulated learned helplessness model (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) predicted that students with negative attributional styles (i.e., internal-stable-global attributions) experienced motivational, cognitive, and emotional deficits. The present study examined college achievement (grade point average) of students with LD and/or ADHD. The Prediction that students with LD and/or ADHD with negative attributional styles would achieve less academic success than comparable students with positive attributional styles (i.e., extenal-unstable-specific attributions) was supported by the research results.

Bakgrund: ADHD har tidigare varit sedd som en barndomsdiagnos som avtar med stigande ålder. Forskning visar dock att symtomen kvarstår för många även som vuxna men att symtombilden kan förändras. Flickor och kvinnor är idag underrepresenterade avseende diagnostisering av ADHD vilket kan innebära ett stort lidande och en oförståelse för sig själv och omgivningen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med ADHD. Metod: En litteraturstudie användes som metod. Systematiska sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL, PsycInfo och Academic Search Premier där 9 artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats valdes ut. Ytterliga 2 artiklar valdes ut utifrån en osystematisk sökning. Dessa analyserades utifrån en trestegsmodell. Resultat: Under analysen framkom två huvudsakliga teman, ”bilden av mig själv” och ”påverkan på det dagliga livet”. De underteman som kopplades till dessa var ”Att känna sig annorlunda”, ”Förståelse och självacceptans”, ”Utmaningar i att hantera omgivningens krav” samt ”Påverkan på relationer”. Konklusion: Denna studie visar att det finns könsskillnader i hur ADHD kan ta sig uttryck. Många kvinnor med ADHD har känt sig annorlunda och upplevt ett stort utanförskap genom livet. Resultaten i denna studie kan vara användbara för de verksamheter som möter flickor och kvinnor i behov av stöd. Att medvetandegöra hur symtomen kan skilja sig åt gör att fler flickor kan få rätt stödinsatser tidigare i livet. / Background: ADHD has previously been seen as a childhood diagnosis that decreases with increasing age. However, research shows that for many the symptoms remain even as adults, but that the symptom features can change. Girls and women today are underrepresented in the diagnosis of ADHD, which can mean great suffering and a misunderstanding of themselves and the environment. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe women's experiences of living with ADHD. Method: A literature study was used as a method. Systematic searches were performed in the databases CINAHL, PsycInfo and Academic Search Premier, where 9 articles with both quantitative and qualitative approach were selected. Another 2 articles were selected based on an unsystematic search. These were analyzed based on a three-step model. Results: During the analysis, two main themes emerged, "the image of myself" and "impact on daily life". The sub-themes linked to these were "Feeling different", "Understanding and self-acceptance", "Challenges in dealing with the demands of the environment" and "Impact on relationships". Conclusion: This study shows that there are gender differences in how ADHD can manifest itself. These results can be useful for those functions that meet girls and women in need of support. Raising awareness of how the symptoms can differ means that more girls can receive the right support measures earlier in life.

Bakgrund: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symtom kan kvarstå genom hela livet och har en påverkan på hälsa, arbetsmöjlighet, utbildning och ekonomiska hälsa. Vuxnas upplevelser med ADHD är en kunskapslucka och studier presenteras ofta utan personens egna berättelser av sin upplevelse. Syfte: Syftet var att kartlägga relevant litteratur som beskriver upplevelser i produktiva aktiviteter hos vuxna personer med ADHD. Metod: En scoping review användes för att söka i databaser efter studier innehållande kvalitativa metoder. Resultaten från 10 artiklar beskrevs med riktad innehållsanalys ur arbetsterapeutiska teorin Model of Human occupations (MoHo) centrala begrepp. Resultat: MoHo var användbart till att beskriva upplevelser inom arbete och utbildning. Personerna med ADHD beskrev hur aktiviteter inom arbete och utbildning påverkades genom viljekraft ur vanor och rutiner samt hur miljön påverkades av personens viljekraft och självupplevda utförandekapacitet. Slutsats: Om intresse för en uppgift fanns eller glädje att utförandet av aktiviteten, så underlättade det möjligheten att vara produktiv. Social miljö har en stor påverkan på hur personer med ADHD uppfattar sig själva och hur uppgifter och aktiviteter blir gjorda inom arbete och utbildning. Strategier kunde förbättra utförande men även vara krävande och skapa utanförskapskänsla för personen. / Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms can persist throughout life and have an impact on health, job opportunities, education, and financial health. Adults’ experiences with ADHD are a knowledge gap and studies are often presented without a person’s story of experience. Aim: The aim was to map relevant literature that describes experiences in productive activities in adults with ADHD. Method: A scoping review was used, and search was done in four research databases. Results from ten articles were described with a directed content analysis, and Model of Human occupation (MoHo) theory. Results: The adults with ADHD described how activities in work and education were affected by volition from habits and routines, how the environment has an impact on the person’s volition and performance capacity. Conclusion: If there was interest in a task or that joy comes from performing the activity, then it facilitates the opportunity to be productive for that person. The social environment has an impact on how people with ADHD perceive themselves and how tasks and activities are done. Strategies could improve execution but also be demanding and create a sense of exclusion for the person.

Bakgrund: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) tillhör gruppen neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar. Kärnsymtomen hos vuxna med ADHD innebär svårigheter med uppmärksamhet med eller utan samtidig impulsivitet och överaktivitet. Uttrycken och konsekvenserna av ADHD präglas av, vilka krav och förväntningar man har på sig och hur den aktuella livssituationen ser ut. ADHD är en funktionsnedsättning som kan ge många bekymmer och utmaningar i vardagslivet på olika sätt och orsaka såväl fysiska, psykiska och sociala problem. Sjuksköterskan ska i mötet med denna patientgrupp utföra en individanpassad vård med ett holistiskt synsätt för att tillmötesgå dessa patienters behov. Syfte:Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa hur personer med ADHD upplever den neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningens inverkan i vuxen ålder. Metod: Enlitteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna är inhämtade via databaserna Cinahl och Psycinfo. Artiklarna är granskade enligt SBU:s granskningsmall förstudier med kvalitativ metodik och dataanalysen är genomförd enligt Popenoes rekommendationer. Resultat: Resultatet bygger på analys av 12 kvalitativa artiklar. Det resulterade i tre huvudkategorier Känna sig annorlunda, Stöd och support, Livskvalitet och sex underkategorier. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att leva med ADHD i vuxen ålder kan vara både positivt och negativ. Dessa personer har ofta en ökad samsjuklighet med upplevelser av utanförskap och kämpar med dålig självkänsla. Vården och allmänhetens kunskap om dessa personers upplevelser bör ökas för att kunna tillhandahålla en personcentrerad vård och därmed undvika onödigt lidande. / Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) belongs to the group of neuropsychiatric disorders. The core symptoms of adults with ADHD involve difficulties with attention with or without concomitant impulsivity and overactivity. The expressions and consequences of ADHD are characterized by what demands and expectations you have on yourself and what the current life situation looks like. ADHD can cause many worries and challenges in everyday life in different ways and cause physical, mental and social problems. In the meeting with this patient group, the nurse should perform individualized care with a holistic approach to meet the needs of these patients. Aim: The purpose of this literature study was to highlight how people with ADHD experience the impact of the neuropsychiatric impairment in adulthood. Method: A literature review with a qualitative approach. The articles are retrieved via the databases Cinahl and Psycinfo. The articles have been reviewed according to SBU: s review template for studies with qualitative methodology and the data analysis has been carried out according to Popenoe's recommendations. Result: The result is based on analysis of 12 qualitative articles. The analysis resulted in three main categories Feeling different, Comfort and support, Quality of life and six subcategories. Conclusion:The results showed that living with ADHD in adulthood can be both positive and negative. These people often have an increased comorbidity with experiences of exclusion and struggle with low self-esteem. Care and public knowledge of these people's experiences should be increased in order to provide person-centered care and thus avoid unnecessary suffering.

No description available.

A limited amount of research exists that addresses low self-esteem, poor self-concept, and distorted self-image in children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The most urgent task is to test assumptions regarding self-perception and to assess the dimensions of self-concept influenced by this disorder. The Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985) was used in the present study to assess those dimensions. Participants included 34 boys with ADHD, 27 boys with LD, and 33 boys without any diagnosed psychological or learning problems. Results were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlation, analyses of variance (ANOVA), and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and did not support the hypotheses.

The different reactions of parents to the discovery that their children had ADD/ADHD has an effect on the primary relationship established between mother and child. This is essential in the later involvement, experience and meaning attribution of the child with respect to all subsequent relationship formation on the child's journey towards his ultimate target, namely self-actualisation. It was felt that psychological intervention could help parents to bond, communicate with and relate to their children without experiencing negative feelings which would enhance parental acceptance. In this study, ten mothers were used to participate in an adapted group Filial Therapy programme. This unique therapy involves parents as the primary agents to resolve child-related problems and to encourage children's healthy psycho-social development. Results were positive. The mothers felt that they had formed better relationship with their children. They were empowered with knowledge and coping mechanisms, such as reflective listening, setting limits and providing choices. For the first time they were enjoying their ADD/ADHD children. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widely discussed special educational issue in Western contexts and developed countries. By contrast, limited information is available about ADHD in Eastern contexts and developing countries. In India in particular, the only available information is about the medical perspective of ADHD; little or no attention is given to social or educational perspectives. DSM IV criteria are the most commonly used standard assessment procedures. However, limited research is reported to discuss the potential cultural influences of this North American model. The present study examines the incidence and interpretation of ADHD within the context of five mainstream schools in Trivandrum, South India. It also explored cultural influences impact upon the cultural validity and reliability of DSM IV criteria when introduced into a South Indian context. In order to identify children with ADHD characteristics, culturally valid assessment tools such as behaviour checklist and behaviour rating scales, were developed from DSM IV (TR) symptoms criteria. Qualitative data was gathered from the five sample schools during the academic year of 2006-07 using a variety of methods including in-depth interviews (with 21 teachers), classroom observations (of 26 children), rating scale and document scrutiny. The case study method was adopted to gain in-depth information about the identified children. Informal interviews with parents (24) were also utilised to triangulate the information gathered from the school contexts. Qualitative data analysis techniques such as open coding and case analysis were used to assess children's behavioural characteristics and difficulties. The findings indicate that three percent of children (21) had ADHD characteristics within the sample schools. Some of the findings are consistent with the studies reported in Western contexts. There are also some contrasting results: a) most of the identified children had inattention rather than hyperactivity characteristics, b) a higher number of children with ADHD characteristics were from lower socio-economic backgrounds, c) teachers used coercive methods of physical punishments and sanctions as they interpreted the children's ADHD characteristics as a result of their lack of interest in learning. Most importantly, though DSM IV (TR) criteria are useful in identifying ADHD, two items of the 'symptoms' criteria were not identifiable within the present context of the sample schools. The findings suggest that socio-cultural factors do influence the validity and reliability of DSM IV criteria. The study has implications not only for further research but also for planning and policy making in the field of education for all. The conclusions suggest that an educational provision should be considered with regards to the varied and complex needs of children with special educational needs such as ADHD. Teacher education programmes should be enhanced with positive intervention strategies.

Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2004 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been reported to have motor proficiency problems. Few studies have established the extent of these motor problems and few studies investigate both gross and fine motor proficiency. The studies which do investigate motor proficiency, often also include other aspects, for example physical fitness, grip strength or kinaesthesia. It is important to be able to identify motor proficiency deficit in this population group early for appropriate intervention to be as effective as possible. The first step in this process is to identify the areas of motor proficiency deficits experienced by these children. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done. Objective: The main aim of this study was to establish if children with ADHD demonstrate motor proficiency problems. A second aim was to identify in which areas of motor proficiency they have the most problems. Method: A sample of 28 boys and 9 girls (n = 37) children with ADHD, between the ages of six and ten, were identified by the medical practitioners at four school clinics in the Cape Metropole. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to test the children. The demographic and other factors that could have affected the motor proficiency in these children were recorded. Results: The range, mean and standard deviation were calculated for all the subtests and the three composite scores. Eighty-one percent of children scored below the expected norm on the Battery Composite Score (20th percentile) with the difference in age equivalent scores being significantly different (p < 0.01), the Gross Motor Composite Score (20th percentile and p < 0.01) and on the Running Speed and Agility Subtest (p < 0.01), the Balance Subtest (p < 0.01), Strength Subtest (p < 0.01) and the Upper Limb Coordination Subtest (p < 0.01). No significant motor proficiency problems were identified in the Fine Motor Composite Score (35th percentile), the Bilateral Coordination Subtest, the Response Speed Subtest, the Visual motor Subtest or the Visual Motor Control Subtest. Conclusions: These results support the literature in so far as motor proficiency deficits are present in children with ADHD, which in turn supports the need for early identification of these problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agergrond: Kinders met Aandag Afleibaarheid Hiperaktiwiteit Sindroom (ADHD) demonstreer probleme met motoriese vaardighede. 'n Paar studies is gedoen om dié bepaalde motoriese vaardighede te bepaal en sommige studies kombineer die ondersoek met ander aspekte van motoriese vaardigheid soos, fiksheid, greep sterkte of kinestesie. Dit is belangrik om die tekortkominge vroeg te identifiseer om effektiewe intervensie so vroeg moontlik te inisieer. Die eerste stap is om die spesifieke vaardighede waarmee hierdie groep kinders probleme ondervind, te identifiseer. Studie: 'n Dwarssnit beskrywende studie is uitgevoer. Doel: Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of kinders met ADHD motoriese probleme het en of daar spesifieke aspekte van motoriese vaardigheid is waar hulle tekortkominge toon. Metodiek: 'n Steekproef van 28 seuns en 9 dogters (n = 37) tussen die ouderdomme van ses tot tien jaar, met ADHD is deur die mediese praktisyns geïdentifiseer, en getoets. Die Bruininks- Oseretsky Toets vir Motoriese Vaardigheid is gebruik. Enige faktore wat motoriese vaardigheid kon beïnvloed is gedokumenteer. Resultate: Die reikwydte, gemiddelde en standaard afwyking is bereken vir al die sub-toetse en die drie saamgestelde tellings. Een en tagtig persent van die kinders het tellings onder die verwagte norm behaal vir die Saamgestelde Telling van die Battery van toetse (20ste persentiel) met die verskil in ouderdomtelling beduidend verskillend (p<O.01).Die Growwe Motoriese Saamgesteldetelling was (20ste persentiel en p<O.01), die Hardloopspoed- en Ratsheidsubtoets (p<O.01), die Balanssubtoets (p<O.01), Kragsubtoets (p<O.01) en die Boonste Ledemaat Koordinasie-subtoets (p<O.01). Geen beduidende tekorte is deur middel van die Saamgestelde Fyn Motoriese Vaardigheidstoetse (3Sste persentiel), die Bilaterale Koordinasiesubtoets, die Reaksiespoed-subtoets, die Visuele Motoriese subtoets of die Visuele Motoriese Beheer-subtoets gevind nie. Gevolgtrekkings: Die resultate ondersteun die bevindinge uit die literatuur rakende die probleme wat kinders met ADHD met motoriese vaadigheid ervaar en ondersteun die behoefte vir vroeë identifisering om effektiewe intervensie so vroeg moontlik te begin.