anglicky: Title of the thesis: Molière in modern Czech theatre Keywords: Molière, preciousness, classicism, baroque, comedy, commedia dell'arte, comedy-ballet. Abstract: The thesis treats the works of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin also known as Molière and their legacy in modern Czech theatre. It characterizes French society of the seventeenth century and the main features of contemporary philosophical and artistic styles, focusing on the dramatic creation of classicism. It also summarizes the life of Molière and his work, subdividing it according to generic, formal and thematic criteria. Within this frame, it gives a detailed analysis of the most important plays, representing the individual categories. It also studies the modern Czech theatrical stage. Focusing on the historical context, it explores the development of the stage from the end of the Second World War until nowadays. It gives a complex outline of Molière's plays presented during the different periods, evaluating the influence of cultural and historical context on the particular interpretation. This evaluation is based on the information presented in contemporary press and promotional materials of the given theatres and thus examines Molière's plays performed on Czech theatre stages in the present. On the basis of a questionnaire...

This thesis is dealing with life and work of Anton Schmidt, the remarkable architect of czech late baroque period. The text focuses mainly on his sacral architecture, especially on St. Michael Archanděl in Smržovka, which represents the notable example of baroque dynamism in czech architecture of the second half of the 18th century. Anton Schmidt is recognized as very important figure of czech late baroque architecture. He followed the tradition of domestic high baroque epoque and the work of K. I. Dientzenhofer. But on the other hand, Schmidt introduced various motifs of neoclasicissm very early into czech milieu. Therefore the typical feature of his architecture is the synthesis of styles combined with refine architectural language. His most important works are - besides the church in Smržovka - church St. Bartoloměj in Černouček, Kounický palace in Prague- Malá Strana and castle in Zahrádky u České Lípy. This thesis brings also a new discovery of previously unknown Schmid's structure - church St. Jan Nepomucký na Poušti in Železný Brod.

Landscape, language, man - a culturological study Abstract The first part of this study views some of the contributions involving landscape theme. One of them analysis water element in landscape as the symbol of the human imagination and unconsciousness. Symbols, meanings and their creating are the most important human ability; this is the typicall quality for the human kind. In opposition to culture and its network of meanings exist nature and wildness that represent primary world without artificial interferences. At the present time this primary world can be nearly experienced in forest, where no loud meanings and hypertrofic symbols disturb us. Thus forests have an important function for reanimating and purification of human culture. An interesting mention of forest aesthetics from foerster H. von Salisch shows how creative and beatiful can the forest managering or landscape managering be. Next part references to space and to relationship between a subject (man) and its space. In generally meaning we can use the term environment. Each man needs to identificate with his living environment and he also needs to understand its meaning. According to Martin Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy we use term habitation. Habitation means existence in human way - each man lives between sky and ground. Ancient...

Leonardo da Vinci's art and science have a dynamic relationship that can be used to better understand the role of the individual and the human body within his art. Leonardo believed that movements of the body were expressions of the soul. He also thought that the body was as a microcosm of the physical world. The theories, based in ancient tradition, would be challenged by his work with the human anatomy. By studying his notebooks it becomes evident that Leonardo held nature to be the highest creator of the world but as he worked to understand the human body and through extension the physical world, his ideas about nature and the divine became more incomprehensible. Leonardo's art reflects this turn of perspective as he becomes unable to define the physical world through the human body.

<p>While Italian art of the twentieth century is usually associated with either the avant-garde practices of Futurism or the classicism of Fascist visual culture, the Italian modernists' complex engagement with concepts of the ‘Baroque’ has yet to be explored. Through an extensive analysis of paintings, sculptures, publications, collecting practices, and exhibitions, my dissertation addresses this lacuna by investigating how the Baroque was discursively constructed and visually represented in Italian modernist artistic and cultural debates between 1880 and 1945. I study how artists and critics such as Umberto Boccioni, Giorgio De Chirico, Adolfo Wildt, Lucio Fontana, and Roberto Longhi championed or disparaged the Baroque in the context of heated debates over the import of Italy’s rich cultural heritage, its status in modern Europe, and the potential role of avant-garde art as a catalyst for national regeneration. In contrast to previous scholars I argue that the development of modern art in Italy was actively shaped by cultural perceptions about the Baroque. My dissertation therefore sheds new light on the role of style in the cultural politics of Italy, which in turn will transform our understanding of visual culture in modern Italy, and of twentieth-century representations of the Baroque in art, literature, and aesthetics.</p> / Dissertation

Por meio da organização e análise da crítica dispersa de Lourival Gomes Machado, textos em sua maioria pertencentes ao acervo do crítico, esta tese parte do pressuposto de que, para Gomes Machado, há uma arte brasileira autêntica, que se forma no século XVIII, sob o signo do barroco, e se estende até início de 1960, com a abstração expressiva, apresentando um interrompimento devido à implantação da Academia de Belas Artes, durante o século XIX. Nos anos 1940, apesar das preocupações do crítico envolverem sobretudo o modernismo brasileiro e a abstração aparecer apenas timidamente, no período de sua crítica madura, entre 1950 e início de 1960, passa a dedicar mais atenção à arte abstrata chegando, no fim desse período, a entender a abstração expressiva como vertente mais significativa, tanto da produção brasileira como internacional. Mário de Andrade era referência intelectual de destaque para Gomes Machado e ambos estavam em busca do que entendiam ser a configuração de uma arte propriamente brasileira. Para Andrade, a arte brasileira deveria carregar índices da natureza humana brasileira. Na crítica de Gomes Machado, a relação entre forma e lugar torna-se mais complexa, fazendo com que aquilo que antes transparecia na arte figurativa de deformação expressiva, relativa ao olhar de Andrade, passe a habitar a abstração não-geométrica, ou seja, a \"arte brasileira\" passa a ser caracterizada por formas, e não assuntos, que dizem respeito à mentalidade brasileira. Diante disso, optou-se por uma interpretação do pensamento crítico de Gomes Machado a partir de três momentos fundamentais de sua produção - modernismo, barroco e abstração expressiva -, cujos artigos revelam os contornos expressivos de sua concepção de \"arte brasileira\". / Through the organization and analysis of Lourival Gomes Machado\'s dispersed critical production, texts mostly belonging to the critic\'s personal archive, this thesis understands that, to Gomes Machado, there is an authentic Brazilian art, formed in the eighteenth century, under the sign of the Baroque, and which extends itself until early 1960, with informalism, presenting an interruption due to the implementation of the Academy of Fine Arts, during the nineteenth century. In the 1940s, despite the critic being mainly involved with Brazilian modernism and having abstraction appear only timidly, in the period of his mature critique between 1950 and early 1960, he devotes more attention to abstract art, understanding expressive abstraction as the most significant aspect of both Brazilian and international production. Mário de Andrade was an important intellectual reference to Gomes Machado and both sought to understand the configuration of an authentic Brazilian art. To Andrade, Brazilian art should carry aspects of Brazilian human nature. In Gomes Machado\'s critique, the relationship between form and space becomes more complex, so that what appeared in figurative art of expressive deformation - characteristic of Andrade\'s vision -, continues to inhabit non-geometric abstraction. In other words, \"Brazilian art\" becomes characterized by forms, and not themes that concern Brazilian mentality. Therefore, Gomes Machado\'s critical thinking was analyzed from three key moments of his production - modernism, baroque and expressive abstraction. His articles reveal the contours of his expressive conception of \"Brazilian art\".

A hipótese apresentada em nossa pesquisa de doutorado é a de que as chamadas óperas joco-sérias do luso-brasileiro Antônio José da Silva (1705-1739) reproduziriam o theatrum mundi o teatro do mundo , topos recorrente no pensamento e na produção cultural do século XVII. Nesse sentido, desenvolveremos a análise e a interpretação das peças cunho mitológico do autor, a saber, Os encantos de Medeia (1735), Anfitrião ou Júpiter e Alcmena (1736), Labirinto de Creta (1736), As variedades de Proteu (1737) e Precipício de Faetonte (1738). Nelas, a teatralidade barroca manifesta-se não apenas no uso inflacionado das maquinarias e demais recursos cênicos, mas, sobretudo e especialmente, no fingimento (ou simulação), e na mutabilidade das personagens, de modo que tal noção inscrever-se-ia na própria ação dramática, servindo como motor das intrigas. Em nossa argumentação, recorreremos não só ao procedimento analítico e interpretativo do corpus principal da investigação, mas à busca do diálogo com a perspectiva de pensadores, retóricos e dramaturgos especialmente do Seiscentos que atualizaram, explícita ou implicitamente, a ideia da teatralização da existência mundana. A escolha das óperas joco-sérias que resgatam a mitologia greco-latina justifica-se pela maior possibilidade de cotejamento de tais peças com outras fontes/paradigmas intertextuais, com o fito de investigarmos que elementos foram emulados por Antônio José da Silva no que se refere aos fingimentos e ao uso de artifícios levados a efeito pelas personagens. / The hypothesis presented in our doctoral research is that the so-called joco-serious operas of Luso-Brazilian Antônio José da Silva (1705-1739) would reproduce theatrum mundi - the theater of the world -, recurrent topos in thinking and cultural production of the seventeenth century. In this sense, we will develop the analysis and interpretation of the mythological pieces of the author, namely Os encantos de Medeia (1735), Anfitrião ou Júpiter e Alcmena (1736), Labirinto de Creta (1736) and Precipício de Faetonte (1738). Baroque theatricality manifests itself not only in the inflated use of machinery and other scenic resources, but especially in the pretense (or simulation), and in the mutability of the characters, so that this notion would be part of own dramatic action, serving as the engine of intrigue. In our argument, we will resort not only to the analytical and interpretative procedure of the main body of research, but to the search for dialogue with the perspective of thinkers, rhetoricians and playwrights - especially the XVII century - who have explicitly or implicitly updated the idea of the theatralization of existence. The choice of the joco-serious operas that rescue the Greco-Latin mythology is justified by the greater possibility of comparing such pieces with other intertextual sources / paradigms, with the purpose of investigating which elements were emulated by Antônio José da Silva in what refers the pretenses and the use of artifacts carried out by the characters.

Pretendemos entender a filosofia de Espinosa, em especial, a sua Ética ordine geometrico demonstrata, a partir de uma operação conflituosa bem específica entre, por um lado, a perspectiva do transcendente (ou a teologia racional) e, por outro, um desejo de salvação mundana; entre o projeto da filosofia imanentista de Espinosa e um mundo submetido ao poder teológico-político; e entre o texto teológico e o método da escrita da filosofia de Espinosa. Tais operações estruturam o cerne de nosso trabalho, no qual visamos entender o nexo causal na passagem de um Deus sive natura absolutamente infinito para nós, os modos finitos desta mesma natureza, de maneira a chegarmos a um entendimento que possa nos garantir não apenas ser, mas tomar parte ativamente neste absolutamente infinito. Não só procuraremos caminhar neste solo conflituoso, mas ainda proporemos tratá-lo com um procedimento que em si enfatiza conflitos, pois visamos responder às nossas questões acerca da filosofia da imanência, de Deus, da passagem do infinito ao finito a partir de uma aproximação entre a obra de Espinosa e o complexo universo artístico da literatura, das artes plásticas e da música do século XVII barroco. Além disto, procuramos demonstrar a hipótese de que a singularidade da Ética enquanto texto, expressa por uma forma textual filosófica sem precedentes, produz uma questão conceitual extremamente complexa que se funde à própria idéia do absolutamente infinito. Pois se a síntese da geometria dos indivisíveis, do século XVII, fornece-nos uma nova idéia de infinito (como amplamente discutiremos) e se a ordem geométrica da demonstração da Ética é fruto desta mesma síntese, então o livro deve necessariamente trazer, já, em sua fartura textual esta idéia de infinito. (Continua) / We intended to understand Espinosa\'s philosophy, especially, his Ethics ordine geometrico demonstrata, starting from a very specific conflicting operation against, on one side, the perspective of the transcendent (or the rational theology) and, on other, a desire for a mundane salvation; between the project of Espinosa\'s immanentist philosophy and a world submitted to the theological-political power; and between the theological text and the method of writing of Espinosa\'s philosophy. Such operations structure the core of our work, in which we seek to understand the causal connection in the passage from a God sive natura, absolutely infinite, to us, the finite manners of his same nature, in way that we can arrive to an understanding that can guarantee to us not to be a part, but to take part actively in this absolutely infinite. Not only we will try to walk in this conflicting path, but we intend to treat it with a procedure that emphasizes conflicts in itself, for we aim to answer our subjects - concerning the philosophy of the immanence, God, and the passage from the infinite to the finite - dealing with an approach between Espinosa\'s work and the complex artistic universe of literature, visual arts and music from the Baroque XVII century. Farther, we intend to demonstrate the hypothesis that the singularity of the Ethics while a text, expressed by an unprecedented philosophical textual form, produces an extremely complex conceptual subject that merges to the same idea of the absolutely infinite present in the Ethics. For if the synthesis from the geometry of the indivisibles, of the XVII century, provide us a new idea of the infinite (as we will extensively discuss) and if the geometric order on the demonstration of the Ethics is a fruit of this same synthesis, then the book should necessarily bring, already, in its textual profusion 7 this idea of the infinite. In other words, the idea of the geometric-synthetic order, key to the formulation of the absolutely infinite, already takes place in the textual structure ordine geometric demonstrata of the Ethics. Thus, we look forward to demonstrate that the order of exposition of the text in the Ethics operates with the same idea expressed by its ontology (the idea that is also expressed in mathematics by the geometrical synthesis). Farther on, we will insist that the formal articulation of the Ethics renders to us patent the fruition of the infinite, because we believe that such work while a text and as text, already expresses to its reader the experience of this new synthesis of an indivisible absolutely infinite.

A presente Tese propõe uma nova abordagem da leitura de textos do período conhecido por Barroco e, para isso, fez-se necessário criar novos termos que correspondessem a essa expectativa: a iconofotologia e poemas fotográficos. Para que um leitor contemporâneo possa ler e compreender textos daquele período, teria de ter acesso a uma chave sígnica a que somente os leitores do Barroco tinham acesso: as iconologias. No entanto, esse referencial se perdeu, por isso temos de substituí-lo por um outro, a partir do acervo imagético-fotográfico de que dispomos hoje e que chamamos de iconofotológico. A partir dele, será possível lermos, sob o ponto de vista contemporâneo (não sob o ponto de vista seiscentista), os poemas que denominamos fotográficos. / The present Thesis intends to give a new approach to the reading of texts from the period known as Baroque and, for that, it was necessary to create new terms that corresponded to this expectation: the iconophotology and photographic poems. In order to enable a reader to read and understand texts of that period, he would have to have access to a signical key to which only readers of that moment had access: the iconologies. However, such reference has been lost; therefore, we have to replace it by another one, from the imagetic-photographic collection we have, which is called iconophotological. With this premise, it will be possible to read, under the contemporary point of view (not under the baroque point of view), the so- called photographic poems.

Na Antiguidade Clássica oferendas efêmeras constituídas por guirlandas e festões de flores e frutos foram depositadas em frisos nas antigas construções dando origem aos relevos e esculturas ornamentais que, executados em pedra, foram aplicados sobre os frontispícios dos templos. Esse rico repertório ornamental foi reeditado na Renascença e, na Contra-Reforma, se tornaria representativo de uma estética oficializada pelo Concílio de Trento, dirigida à constituição da igreja enquanto expressão terrena da casa de Deus. No universo laico, a estética estaria subordinada ao poder real, configurando no espaço cortesão uma arte palaciana. No mundo ibérico esses motivos ornamentais seriam transpostos para a madeira, passando a recobrir as superfícies internas dos templos religiosos, também chamados de igrejas cintilantes de ouro, repertório este que chegou ao Brasil pelas mãos de mestres entalhadores, religiosos ou leigos provenientes do Reino. Nos templos construídos em São Paulo, entre os séculos XVII e XVIII, encontram-se exemplares de talha representativa das ocorrências estilísticas que se sucederiam no mesmo período na Europa, assumindo em alguns casos, particularidades regionais. O presente estudo parte dos tratados renascentistas, buscando identificar entre os conjuntos remanescentes do período colonial paulista, alguns dos elementos que teriam contribuído para a formação do repertório ornamental tridentino e palaciano que ocorreram primeiramente nos grandes centros europeus, geradores e difusores de estética, chegando a Portugal, e sendo editados na antiga Província de São Paulo de Piratininga, envolvendo aspectos que em muito ultrapassariam a materialidade dos suportes físicos. / In Classical Antiquity, ephemeral offers of wreaths and embroideries made of flowers and fruits were placed in the friezes of the ancient constructions, thus originating the ornamental engravings and sculptures that, worked in stone, were applied to the frontispiece of temples. This rich ornamental repertoire was reedited in the Renaissance and, in the Counter-Reformation, would become representative of a type of aesthetics made official by the Council of Trent with the intent of constituting the church as the earthly expression of the house of God. In the universe of laity, this aesthetic principle would be under royal power, configuring a palatial art in the court space. In the Iberian world, these ornamental motifs would be transferred to woodwork and cover the inner surfaces of the religious temples, which were also called shinny churches of gold. This repertoire arrived in Brazil through the hands of carving masters, both clergy and laymen coming from the Kingdom. In the temples built in São Paulo, between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, we can find examples of this type of carving that represent the stylistic manifestation which occurred in Europe in the same period, but in some cases presenting regional particularities. This study begins with the Renaissance treaties, seeking to identify among the remaining sets of the colonial period in São Paulo some of the elements that would have contributed to the formation of the palatial and Tridentine ornamental repertoires that occurred firstly in the great European centers, which generated and spread aesthetic trends. These trends would reach Portugal and later the old Province of São Paulo de Piratininga in Brazil, where they found a new expression, involving aspects that greatly surpassed the simple materiality of physical supports.