Like Alike explores notions of pleasure and beauty through an examination of mundane activity. Pleasure is simple, uncomplicated niceness. Pleasure is forgettable and related to the norm. Beauty is complicated and hardly predicted. Finding beauty in the banal provides an escape from mundane life. The banal, then becomes unforgettable. The nondescript, everyday experience becomes important and gains meaning. Like Alike's electronic format is adapted from the original format of an artist book.

This master thesis' main topic is fashion and lifestyle blogs and the impact of the brands and the ideal of beauty that is widely promoted in the media on them. The aim of this thesis is to find out which type of the brands can be mostly found in the blog posts with personal style of the successful bloggers and if there is a type of physical appearance that prevails among them. I am using the quantitative image analysis of Gillian Rose to test these hypotheses on photographs of bloggers. I was inspired by the work of Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins. My hypotheses are tested on photographs from three websites (Lookbook, Chictopia, Bloglovin') where bloggers are hierarchized. Bloggers are opinion leaders. This means it is advantageous for the marketing departments of brands to collaborate with them because bloggers can effectively influence their readers. Brands play an important role in life of people that believe brands can non-verbally tell the character of the brand consumer. In these days the Eurocentric ideal of beauty and the ideal of thin bodies are forced especially on women by media. The thinness is in the advertisements connected with attractiveness and successfulness, which is transferred also in the real life of people. The conclusion of this thesis indicates that there are most often...

The thesis presents a typology of characters in short prosaic works of Jaroslav Durych. In the introduction the readers get acquainted with contemporary approaches of the theory of literature towards the characters and with the ways to make typologies of characters. The author's opinions about art and man are quoted too because Durych's fiction is influenced by his artistic and religious opinions. Next, Durych's prosaic works are characterised in relation to trends in literature. Information about previous works concerning characters in prosaic works of Jaroslav Durych is also given in the introduction. The central part of the thesis is focused on the analysis of characters in short prosaic works. Both female and male characters are analysed by means of the same criteria: character-definition v. character-hypothesis, character-subject v. character- object, name, appearance, soul, death, love to God and their human partner. Within each section, e.g. Appearance, short prosaic works are analysed in chronological order to show how the characters were altered and how they were influenced by various trends in literature, etc. Eventually, differences between female and male characters are named, and two basic types of female characters and two basic types of male characters which can be found in Durych's...

Cette thèse s'intéresse à la "presse féminine noire", c'est-à-dire aux magazines qui s'adressent à des femmes partageant l'expérience sociale d'être perçues comme noires. Elle se fonde sur une analyse des contenus, nourrie par une enquête auprès de lectrices et des producteurs des magazines Amina, Miss Ebène et Brune en France. Entreprises commerciales et supports d'identification, ces médias témoignent de l'existence de consommatrices mais aussi de lectrices en quête de reconnaissance sociale. Leurs ressources publicitaires et leurs conditions de production révèlent une "ligne de couleur" dans la presse féminine française. Ces magazines, qui sont également distribués en Afrique francophone et aux Antilles, s’inscrivent dans un espace qui déborde les frontières nationales tout en assignant leur lectorat à un "entre soi". Les ambiguïtés des représentations qu'ils véhiculent sont inhérentes à la nécessité de relier l'ici à l'ailleurs, de valoriser des singularités phénotypiques tout en se conformant aux critères hégémoniques de la beauté et de soutenir l'émancipation féminine tout en conservant des spécificités culturelles. Cette recherche soulève plus largement les enjeux relatifs à la reconnaissance des minorités comme productrices et réceptrices des médias dans un contexte politique marqué par un idéal universaliste qui ne reconnaît pas leur existence. / The focus of this thesis is on magazines addressing women sharing the social experience of being perceived as black. It is based on a content analysis, fuelled by enquiries on the producers and readers of magazines Amina, Miss Ebène and Brune in France. These magazines are also distributed in francophone Africa and in the Caribbean. Commercial companies and identification supports, these magazine bear witness of the existence of the consumers but also of readers in search of social recognition. The advertising resources and the production conditions of the media reveal the existence of a “colour line” in the French women’s press. The analysis of the representations conveyed by each magazine reveals ambiguities, as much as in the contents as in the positioning, inherent to the need of linking the here and elsewhere promoting phenotypic singularities while conforming to the hegemonic criteria of beauty, supporting the emancipation of women while preserving cultural characteristics. This work, more broadly, raises issues concerning the recognition of minorities as producers and receptors of the media in a political context marked by a Universalist ideal that does not recognize their existence.

Master of Science / Department of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design / Melody LeHew / The purpose of this study was to explore how African American women think and feel about their bodies. Specifically, this study examined how Black women define beauty by means of variables such as body shape, skin complexion, and hair texture; whether African American women ages 18-30 compared themselves to media images; and if so, did comparison to these media images impact African American women’s body satisfaction. In addition, this study explored if African American women felt pressure to adopt beauty standards attributed to the dominant culture, as well as the role of racial identity in forming beauty standards and social comparison behavior. Twelve African American women were interviewed and findings of this exploratory research illustrated that the Black community has different standards than the traditional beauty standards of the U.S. Even though interviewees articulated standards of beauty for women in the Black community, there was a lack of uniformity in how these women felt about their own attractiveness: some identified with the Black beauty standards, while others did not. In addition, opinions varied regarding Black women’s engagement in social comparison behavior and whether it was related to racial identity or body satisfaction. Limitations of study included: how Black women define social comparison behavior and racial identity, self-identification of participants, and the lack of Caucasian women included in this study. However, this research still provided rich data exploring Black women’s perceptions of beauty among other issues within the Black community. Future research is required to better understand influences shaping standards of beauty within this subculture of the United States and recommendations are provided in the last chapter.

Orientador: Vera Lucia Borges Isaac / Banca: Édison Pecoraro / Banca: Raquel Regina Duarte Moreira / Resumo: Filtros solares são substâncias capazes de refletir, espalhar ou absorver a radiação ultravioleta emitida pelo Sol. Alguns filtros podem ter sua capacidadede proteção aumentada pela adição de outros compostos sintéticos ou naturais. Exemplos das substâncias naturais muito utilizadas nas formulações cosméticas são os óleos de origem vegetal, tal como o óleo de café verde, que, além de ser um excelente emoliente, apresenta a capacidade de proteger a pele contra os danos advindos da exposição à radiação solar devido à sua ação antioxidante e fotoprotetora. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o mecanismo de interação que possibilita, ao óleo de café verde, aumentar o fator de proteção solar de diferentes filtros solares químicos e físicos, para isso, foram desenvolvidas emulsões com ou sem óleo de café verde, nas quais foram incorporados diferentes filtros para avaliação do fator de proteção solar. O aumento do FPS pode ser observado para benzophenone-3, ethyl hexyl salicilate, bemotrizinol e ethyl hexyl triazone, sendo que o aumento na absorção de radiação ocorreu na mesma faixa de UV que os filtros absorviam sem a adição do óleo de café verde, o que indica possíveis interações intermoleculares entre componentes do óleo de café e os filtros solares. Por meio de cromatografia em coluna de sílica, foram obtidas 13 diferentes frações de óleo de café verde, as quais foram analisadas quanto a sua interação com os filtros usados e posteriormente, identificadas por meio de Cromat... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Solar filters are substances capable of reflect, spread or absorb the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Sun. Some filters can be potentiated by the addition of other sintetic or natural compounds. Examples of the natural substances widely used in cosmetic formulations are vegetable oils, such as green coffee oil,which in addition to being an excellent emollient, has the ability to protect the skin against damage from exposure to solar radiation due to its antioxidant and photoprotective action. This study aims to identify the mechanism of interaction that allows green coffee oil the ability to increase the sun protection factor of different chemical and physical sunscreens. For this purpose, emulsions with or without green coffee oil have been developed, in which different filters were incorporated to evaluate the sun protection factor. The increase in SPF can be observed for benzophenone-3, ethyl hexyl salicilate, bemotrizinol e ethyl hexyl triazone, and the increase in radiation absorption occurred in the same UV range as the filters absorbed without the addition of green coffee oil, which indicates possible intermolecular interactions between coffee oil components and sunscreens. By means of silica column chromatography, 13 different fractions of green coffee oil were obtained, which were analyzed for their interaction with the filters used and later, identified by means of High Performace Liquid Chromatografy and Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance. The fractions capable... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This dissertation explores the making of and research for the film, Fattitude, a social justice based documentary that looks to awaken viewers to the reality of weight bias in media representation. This dissertation reviews the filmmaking process and then engages with the nature of stereotypes about fat bodies. Deeply tied to feminist and fat studies theory, the work here seeks to categorize and shape the understanding of weight bias in the media by linking fat tropes to clearly understood images of oppression, for example the monstrous, the fool, they hypersexual and the asexual. The work also seeks to present theory on the nature of creating media representations of fatness that are not oppressive – making note of current media created by grassroots movements for body acceptance and fat positivity. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Det har länge varit känt att de kropps- och skönhetsideal som råder i samhället långt ifrån inkluderar alla typer av kroppar. Modebranschen har framförallt utmärkt sig på den här punkten, och det är väl känt att det allt som oftast är smala modeller som representeras i branschen. Vår valda problemformulering grundar sig i att normbrytande kroppar är underrepresenterande i samhället och i modebranschen. Vårt syfte med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur Veckorevyn förhåller sig till sitt manifest de kallar Size Hero. Det här manifestet grundar sig i en protest mot de rådande kropps- och skönhetsideal som råder i samhället. I samband med detta ska vi även analysera hur många normativa kontra normbrytande kroppar som totalt finns representerande i tidningen, och hur de framställs. Vi ämnar även att problematisera begreppet ”plus size”, dess användning och betydelse. Den valda metoden för vår analys grundar sig i flermetodsforskning, och valet av den här metoden gjordes då vi ville ha svar på hur underrepresenterade de är men även hur de framställs när dem väl gör det. Vårt material består av alla Veckorevyns utgivna tidningar under ett år. Vi har analyserat dessa med hjälp av en semiotisk bildanalys och genom en kvantitativ metod. Tillsammans med den semiotiska bildanalysen så har vi använt oss av Hansen och Machins bärare av denotationer och konnotationer för att analysera bilderna. Vårt resultat visade att Veckorevyn uppfyller sitt manifest men i det stora hela är de modeller med normbrytande kroppar fortfarande väldigt underrepresenterade. / It has been known for a long period of time that the body and beauty ideals in society do not include all types of bodies. The fashion industry is known to be exceptional good at excluding bigger bodytypes, and it is well known that it is slim models that is representing majority of it. Our chosen problem for this essay is based on the fact that norm-breaking bodies are underrepresented in society and in the fashion industry. Our purpose with this essay was to investigate how the fashion magazine Veckorevyn relates to their manifest, called Size Hero. This manifest is based on a protest against the prevailing body and beauty ideals that exists in society. We will also analyse how many normative vs. norm-breaking bodies there are as a total representation in the magazine, and how they are presented. We also intend to problematize the concept of the word "plus size", its use and meaning. The chosen method for our analysis is based on a multimethod research and the choice of this method was made because we wanted to have an answer to how underrepresented the norm-breaking bodies are and how they are being portrayed when so. Our material consists of all of Veckorevyn's published magazines for one year. We have analyzed them with the help of a semiotic image analysis and through a quantitative method. Together with the semiotic image analysis, we have used Hansen and Machin's bearers of denotations and connotations in order to analyze the images. Our result showed that Veckorevyn is fulfilling their manifest but on the whole the norm- breaking bodies were still very underrepresented.

From 2015 to 2018 many Swedish news media were publishing articles about the same topic; body activism. The purpose of this study is to examine how Swedish news media linguistically uses the term body activism, how they define the term and if discursive themes and patterns can be identified when it comes to how the news media report about body activism. The study relies on a theoretical framework with ideas about media logic, news values and framing; theories about social movements and the media; theories about beauty standards, norms and the consumer society; and also studies about body activism, fat activism and body positivity. The method used is a connected content analysis of a material consisting of 676 texts published in Swedish news media. The connected content analysis was achieved by the use of Textometrica which is a tool for examining frequency and correlation of words used in texts. To further analyse the results a discourse analysis has been used. The study shows that body activism in Swedish news media gets framed and defined as something that is about opposition and wanting change, something that is about size and weight, something that often gets told through individual stories and experiences, something that takes place on social media, and as an activism that is performed by women for the sake of women. Furthermore, the results of the study show interesting thematic patterns not only in how body activism gets defined but also in how the news media report about body activism. When it comes to the question of how the texts about body activism get told there is a pattern in that a few female activists become main profiles in the texts, which raises questions about representation and power structures. About the framing of the message of the activism, there is a discussion of beauty and looks, self-acceptance and liberation of ideals and norms of beauty. About the framing of the response to the activism there is a discussion about meeting symbolic violence and the risk of facing hate as a body activist. When it comes to the framing of the tool for spreading the activism, I discuss consumerism on social media and the interesting divergence between wanting to oppose how consumerism works to reproduce ideals and norms of beauty with activism on platforms closely linked to commercials and consumerism.

Uma das atividades pouco estudadas no âmbito da Saúde do Trabalhador no Brasil é a dos profissionais de Institutos de Beleza, função historicamente vinculada ao gênero feminino e que foi sujeita a grandes mudanças no processo de trabalho ao longo dos últimos anos. Nesse estudo, optou-se por analisar o trabalho das cabeleireiras, pois estas profissionais estão sujeitas a diferentes agravos à saúde devido aos fatores de risco inerentes às suas atividades. Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar a prevalência dos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LER/DORT) em cabeleireiras por meio de relatos de sintomas, caracterizar as regiões anatômicas mais acometidas e identificar e analisar os fatores de risco para LER/DORT existentes no trabalho dessas profissionais. Foi utilizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal e também o embasamento teórico do método de avaliação da situação de trabalho e repercussões na saúde, desenvolvido pela teoria da Ergonomia Francesa, para se discutir determinadas associações entre condições de trabalho e morbidade referida. Foram estudadas, no período de abril de 2002 a fevereiro de 2004, 220 cabeleireiras e auxiliares que trabalhavam em Institutos de Beleza localizados nos distritos de Pinheiros e Jardim Paulista da cidade de São Paulo. Identificou-se, a partir de relato de sintomas, uma prevalência de LER/DORT de 70,5%. A localização corporal mais freqüente de relato de sintomas para LER/DORT foi ombro (48,6%), seguida pelo pescoço (47,3%) e coluna (38,6%). Verificou-se que os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência dos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LER/DORT) em cabeleireiras estavam relacionados com: a) Fatores de Incômodo e Fadiga no Trabalho (referentes à organização do trabalho e aos aspectos psicossociais do trabalho) sendo que, após análise fatorial, o único dos fatores resultantes que teve significância estatística foi o que agrupava as variáveis Falta de reconhecimento no trabalho e Postura desconfortável no trabalho (ORaj=3,54; p=0,004); b) Posturas assumidas durante a realização das atividades - Não sentir conforto no corpo/pescoço/ombros enquanto trabalha (ORaj=2,78; p=0,004); c) Tempo de profissão acima de 15 anos(ORaj=3,04; p=0,022). Identificou-se, por meio de relato de sintomas e da análise ergonômica do trabalho, que os fatores de riscos ocupacionais associados ao desenvolvimento de LER/DORT em cabeleireiras, confirmam os riscos já descritos na literatura referentes a outras atividades, ou seja, aqueles relacionados aos fatores biomecânicos, organizacionais e psicossociais do trabalho. / An activity poorly studied in Occupational Health in Brazil is the work of professionals in Beauty Parlours. This occupation is historically linked to the female gender and in the past years has been through huge changes in its operational process. In this study it was decided to analyze the job of airdressers since these professionals are under different health hazards due to risk factors related to their activity. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of WRMD among hairdressers through reported symptoms, to characterize the most injured anatomic regions, and to identify and analyze the risk factors for WRMD present in the activities of these professionals. A cross-sectional study was employed together with the theories of the method for evaluation of the work situation and its consequence on health developed by the French Ergonomics, in order to discuss certain associations between working conditions and reported morbidity. Between April 2002 and February 2004 a total of 220 hairdressers who worked in Beauty Parlors in the districts of Pinheiros and Jardim Paulista were studied. A prevalence of WRMD of 70,5% was found. The body region most reported with symptoms of WRMD was shoulder (48,6%), followed by neck (47,3%) and spinal column (38,6%). It was noted that the risk factors for WRMD in hairdressers were related to: a) Annoying Factors and Fatigue at Work (connected to the work organization and the psychosocial aspects of the work) that after factorial analysis the only remaining factor statistically significant was the one that contains the variables lack of recognition at work and uncomfortable position at work (ORaj=3,54; p=0,004); b) Postures during attainment of activities - not feeling comfortable in the body/neck/shoulder while working (ORaj=2,78; p=0,004); c) Time at this occupation above 15 years (ORaj=3,04; p=0,022). Through reported symptoms and ergonomic analysis it was identified that the occupational risk factors associated with the development of WRMD in hairdressers corroborate the risks already described in the literature for other occupations, that is, those related to biomechanical, organizational and psychosocial factors.