• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 48
  • 17
  • 13
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 116
  • 104
  • 19
  • 19
  • 16
  • 16
  • 13
  • 13
  • 12
  • 12
  • 11
  • 11
  • 11
  • 9
  • 9
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Biomimetische Trispyrazolylborato-Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Modelle für Metall-Cofaktor-unspezifische Dioxygenasen

Hoof, Santina 10 June 2020 (has links)
Quercetin-Dioxygenasen (QueD) katalysieren die oxidative Spaltung von Quercetin, einem Pflanzenfarbstoff aus der Gruppe der Flavonole und bilden dabei das entsprechende Depsid und Kohlenstoffmonoxid. Interessanterweise werden in den QueDs natürlicher Quellen verschiedene zweiwertige Metallionen als Cofaktor im aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms gefunden. So stellt sich die Frage, welche Rolle dem Metallzentrum im Mechanismus der Katalyse zukommt. Um die Umgebung des Metallions im aktiven Zentrum mit einer biomimetischen, niedermolekularen Modellverbindung nachzuempfinden, wurde das Trispyrazolylborato-Ligandsystem (Tp) gewählt und als Substratanalogon diente 3-Hydroxyflavon (FlaH). So konnte ein strukturelles und funktionelles Modellsystem der NiQueD in Form von des Tp*NiFla-Komplexes synthetisiert und vollständig charakterisiert werden. Es erfolgte eine Variation dieses Systems, um verschiedene Einflüsse auf die Reaktivität mit Disauerstoff zu untersuchen. Der Austausch der Carbonylfunktion von FlaH durch C=S sowie C=Se Einheiten führte bei der Umsetzung mit O2 nicht zu der antizipierten Erhöhung der Reaktionsraten, stattdessen wurden zusätzlich Nebenreaktionen beobachtet. Die Veränderung der Substituenten am Tp-Ligandrückgrat zeigte, dass sterisch anspruchsvollere Gruppen zur Erhöhung der Reaktionsraten bei Umsetzungen mit O2 führen, vermutlich weil das Substrat für eine direkte Reaktion mit O2 leichter zugänglich wird. Durch systematische Variation der 3d-Übergangsmetallionen im Zentrum der Modellkomplexe wurde ein Einfluss auf die Redoxeigenschaften des metallgebundenen Flavonolats beobachtet. Die reversiblen Redoxpotentiale stehen in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Reaktionsrate. Ergebnisse mechanistischer Untersuchungen legen einen outer-sphere Elektronentransferprozess nahe, bei dem ein Elektron des Flavonolats direkt auf O2 übertragen wird. Durch Rekombination der entstandenen Radikale werden die nach biomimetischer Reaktion zu erwartenden Produkte gebildet. / Quercetin dioxygenases (QueD) catalyze the oxidative cleavage of quercetin, a flavonol commonly found in fruits and leaves, forming the corresponding depside and carbon monoxide. Interestingly, quercetinases of various natural sources show a different selectivity towards the divalent metal ion incorporated as cofactor, raising the questions on the role of the metal center in the mechanism of catalysis. Synthetic can help to gain insight into the mechanistic pathway of the reaction and thus clearify such questions. In order to synthesize a biomimetic model compound, the trispyrazolylborato ligands (Tp) were used and 3 hydroxyflavone (FlaH) was chosen as substrate. The compound Tp*NiFla with a was synthesized and fully characterized as a structural and functional model for the NiQueD. Based on this, the system was varied in different ways in order to investigate the influence on the reactivity towards O2. It was shown that the substitution of the carbonyl function of FlaH by C=S and C=Se units did not lead to an increase in the reaction rates, but additionally to undesirable side reactions. By altering the residues on the Tp ligand backbone it turned out that sterically more demanding groups increase the rates of reaction with dioxygen, likely because the substrate is more accessible for direct reaction with O2. By systematic variation of the metal ions in the center of the model compounds, an influence on the redox properties of the metal-bound flavonolate was observed. For the first time, reversible redox reactions of flavonolate bound to 3d transition metals was demonstrated. Furthermore, a direct relation of the redox potentials to the reaction rates emerged. The results of mechanistic studies indicate that all model complexes react via an initial outer-sphere electron transfer process, in which an electron of the flavonolate is directly transferred to O2. By recombination of the formed radicals, the products expected for a biomimetic process can be obtained.
92

水中で機能する超分子ペルオキシダーゼモデルに関する研究 / スイチュウ デ キノウ スル チョウブンシ ペルオキシダーゼ モデル ニカンスル ケンキュウ

上田 卓典, Takunori Ueda 22 March 2014 (has links)
ピリジン配位子を持つメチル化シクロデキストリン二量体と水溶性鉄ポルフィリンから構成される超分子ヘムタンパク質モデル化合物"hemoCD"を用いて、過酸化水素などのヒドロペルオキシドとの反応から、ペルオキシダーゼなどの酸化酵素における反応中間体および酸化活性種の捕捉とそれら反応性について検討を行った。 / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
93

Photochemistry of Vanadium Clusters and Applications For Responsive Materials

Edirisinghe, E.A. Kalani D. 29 August 2022 (has links)
No description available.
94

Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Reaction of the Reduced Vitamin B12 Complex Cob(II)alamin with Hydrogen Peroxide

Hunt, Andrew P. 09 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
95

Mechanistic Studies on the Reaction of Cob(I)alamin and Nitrite

Plymale, Noah T. 22 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
96

[pt] ESTUDO DA FORMAÇÃO DE COMPLEXOS BINÁRIOS E TERNÁRIOS DO ÍON CU(II) COM ALGUNS DIPEPTÍDEOS E AMINOÁCIDOS / [en] STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF BINARY AND TERNARY COMPLEXES OF CU(II) ION WITH SOME DIPEPTIDES AND AMINO ACIDS

FELIPE DE SOUZA DIAS DOS SANTOS VILHENA 08 November 2021 (has links)
[pt] Um grande número de complexos de cobre(II) tendo como ligantes compostos biológicos têm sido utilizados como modelos para o entendimento das diversas reações que ocorrem in vivo. Diversas desordens neurodegenerativas são caracterizadas pela presença anormal de proteínas no sistema nervoso central que possuem uma alta afinidade pelo íon cobre(II). Essa coordenação do metal à proteínas favorece o processo de deposição e associado ocorre a produção em excesso de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS - reactive oxygen species). A metionina é um antioxidante presente no meio biológico que pode se ligar ao cobre e prevenir os danos oxidativos. No presente trabalho, estudamos em solução aquosa, os complexos binários Cu(II):L1 e Cu(II):L2 e o complexo ternário Cu(II):L1:L2 (L1 = GlyGly e L2 = Met) a 25 °C e μ = 0,1 mol L-1. As constantes de formação dos complexos foram calculadas utilizando o programa BEST7. Os modos de coordenação dos ligantes nos complexos de Cu(II) foram investigados por cálculos DFT utilizando o programa TURBOMOLE 6.1. Foi utilizado o funcional PBE empregando a aproximação da resolução da identidade (RI-J) e com o conjunto de bases def2-SVP. Os efeitos do solvente foram incluídos através do modelo de solvatação COSMO. Os resultados DFT mostraram comportamento bidentado da glicilglicina na espécie Cu(H-1GlyGly), sem a participação do oxigênio do grupo carboxílico na esfera de coordenação do metal. O modelo de cluster-contínuo foi utilizado para obter, para os complexos mais estáveis, as energias livres em fase gasosa e em solução aquosa através dos métodos DFT: B3LYP/def2/TZVP e PBE0/def2-TZVP. Para os complexos mais estáveis foi incluída a segunda camada de solvatação (36 moléculas de água) para verificar a interferência de moléculas explícitas do solvente nos cálculos. Os resultados mostraram comportamento monodentado do ligante glicilglicina no complexo [Cu(GlyGly)(H2O)36]+, sem a participação do oxigênio peptídico na esfera de coordenação do centro metálico. Observou-se que os clusters assumem diferentes geometrias: octaédrica ([Cu(Met)(H2O)36]+), pirâmide de base quadrada ([Cu(GlyGly)(H2O)36]+, [Cu(H-1GlyGly)(H2O)36], [Cu(Met)(OH)(H2O)36], [Cu(Met)(OH)2(H2O)36]-, [Cu(HGlyGly)(Met)(H2O)36], [Cu(GlyGly)(Met)(H2O)36]- e [Cu(GlyGly)(Met)(OH)(H2O)35]2-) e quadrado distorcido ([Cu(GlyGly)(OH)(H2O)35]-). Todos os clusters apresentaram uma configuração eletrônica do estado fundamental t6 2g d22 d1 x2-y2 o que concorda com a distorção Jahn-Teller. Nas doenças neurodegenerativas o pH fisiológico é levemente acidificado. Na espécie ternária [Cu(GlyGly)(Met)(H2O)36]-, que é formada em pH 7, o enxofre não faz parte da esfera de coordenação do cobre, indicando que ele pode exercer uma ação antioxidante em sistemas biológicos sob condições de estresse oxidativo. / [en] A great number of copper(II) complexes that have as ligands biological compounds have been used as models for the understanding of several reactions that occur in vivo. Several neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the abnormal presence of proteins in the central nervous system that have a high affinity for the copper(II) ion. This coordination of metal to proteins favor the deposition process and associated the production in excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs. The methionine is an antioxidant present in the biological medium that could bind to copper and prevent the oxidative damages. In the present work we studied in aqueous solution the binary complexes Cu(II):L1 and Cu(II):L2 and the ternary complex Cu(II):L1:L2 (L1 = GlyGly and L2 = Met) at 25C and μ = 0.1 mol L-1. The binding constants of the complexes were determined using the BEST7 program. The coordination modes of the ligands in the Cu(II) complexes were investigated by DFT calculation using the TURBOMOLE 6.1 program. The PBE functional was used employing the resolution of identity approximation (RI-J) and with the def2-SVP basis set. The solvent effects were included through the COSMO solvation model. The DFT results showed bidentate behavior of the glycylglycine in the Cu(H-1GlyGly) species without the participation of the oxygen from the carboxylic group in the metal coordination sphere. The cluster-continuum model was used to obtain for the more stable complexes the free energies in gas phase and in the aqueous solution through DFT methods: B3LYP/def2/TZVP and PBE0/def2-TZVP. The second solvation shell (36 water molecules) was included in the more stable complexes to verify the interference of solvent explicit molecules in the calculation. The results showed monodentate behavior of the glycylglycine ligand in the complex [Cu(GlyGly)(H2O)36]+, without the participation of the peptidic oxygen in coordination sphere of metallic centre. It was observed that the clusters assume different geometries: octahedral ([Cu(Met)(H2O)36]+), square pyramid ([Cu(GlyGly)(H2O)36]+, [Cu(H-1GlyGly)(H2O)36], [Cu(Met)(OH)(H2O)36], [Cu(Met)(OH)2(H2O)36]-, [Cu(HGlyGly)(Met)(H2O)36], [Cu(GlyGly)(Met)(H2O)36]- and [Cu(GlyGly)(Met)(OH)(H2O)35]2-) and distorted square ([Cu(GlyGly)(OH)(H2O)35]-). All the clusters presented an electronic configuration of ground state t6 2g d22 d1 x2-y2 that agree with the Jahn-Teller distortion. In the neurodegenerative diseases the physiologic pH is slightly acidified. In the ternary species [Cu(GlyGly)(Met)(H2O)36]-, that is formed in pH 7, the sulfur is not part of the coordination sphere of copper, indicating that it could exert an antioxidant action in biological systems under oxidative stress conditions.
97

Complexes osmium nitrosyle avec des ligands bioactifs : synthèse, structure, réactivité et activité antiproliférative in vitro / Osmium nitrosyl complexes with bioactive ligands : synthesis, structure, reactivity and antiproliferative activity in vitro

Gavriluta, Anatolie 24 September 2013 (has links)
Notre travail de thèse a été dédié à la synthèse et à la caractérisation bio-physicochimique de complexes osmium nitrosyle, qui pourraient relarguer l’oxyde nitrique (NO) au sein des cellules tumorales pour conjuguer les propriétés anticancéreuses souvent associés aux complexes du groupe du platine avec la toxicité de l’oxyde nitrique. Le premier chapitre de notre mémoire de thèse présente l’état de l’art dans le domaine des composés anticancéreux et le rôle de l’oxyde nitrique dans l’apoptose cellulaire. Le deuxième chapitre concerne la synthèse et la caractérisation de complexes d’azole (C)[Os(NO)Cl4(A)] (C = Bu4N+, Na+, HA+; A = indazole, pyrazole, benzimidazole, imidazole), où le plus cytotoxique est H2ind[cis-Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)]. Le troisième chapitre est consacré à l’étude cinétique et thermodynamique par RMN de l’isomérisation trans ↔ cis du complexe (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)] qui met en évidence un processus d’isomérisation de type dissociatif. Le quatrième chapitre concerne la synthèse et la caractérisation de complexes d’aminoacides (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(L)] (L = gly, picolinate, L-, D-pro) qui ont une très faible activité antiproliférative. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et à la caractérisation de clusters hétérométalliques [{Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)}4Ln] (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Y ; Ox=oxalate) dans lesquels la coordinance 8 ou 9 du lanthanide dépend de son rayon ionique. Le précurseur {Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)} a l’activité antiproliférative la plus élevée de tous les complexes osmium nitrosyle connus / The PhD thesis was dedicated to the synthesis and bio-physic-chemical characterization of osmium nitrosyl complexes which could release nitric oxide (NO) in tumor cells to combine the anticancer properties of the platinum group complexes and the nitric oxide cytotoxicity. The first chapter presents the state of the art in the field of anticancer compounds and the role of nitric oxide in the apoptosis. The second chapter concerns the synthesis and characterization of azole complexes with the general formulae (C)[Os(NO)Cl4(A)] (C = Bu4N+, Na+, HA+; A = indazole, pyrazole, benzimidazole, imidazole), where the most cytotoxic is H2ind[cis-Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)]. The third chapter focuses on the kinetic and thermodynamic study of the trans ↔ cis isomerisation of (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)] complex by NMR, which highlights a dissociative isomerisation process. The fourth chapter concerns the synthesis and the characterization of amino acids complexes with the general formulae (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(L)] (L = gly, picolinate, L-, D-pro) of whose antiproliferative activity is very low. The last chapter is dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of heterometallic clusters with the general formulae [{Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)}4Ln] (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Y ; Ox = oxalate), where the coordination number 8 or 9 depends on its ionic radius. The precursor {Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)} has the highest antiproliferative activity among of all osmium nitrosyl known so far
98

Estudo de nanopartículas de ouro e de magnetita voltadas para medicina diagnóstica / Study of gold and magnetite nanoparticles for medical diagnostics applicatios

Uchiyama, Mayara Klimuk 14 August 2015 (has links)
A teragnóstica de doenças tem sido extremamente marcada nos últimos anos por nanomateriais formados pela conjugação de nanopartículas a biomoléculas, pois a aplicação de tecnologias baseadas em materiais na dimensão nanométrica é capaz de aumentar a seletividade, sensibilidade e praticidade dos métodos atualmente empregados, ou mesmo criar novos métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças. Dentre os vários tipos de nanomateriais desenvolvidos, aqueles baseados em nanopartículas de ouro ou nanopartículas magnéticas apresentam propriedades químicas e físicas diferenciadas que propiciam novas possibilidades. Por exemplo, a presente tese demonstrou que nanopartículas superparamagnéticas são excelentes agentes de contraste em exames de imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) por serem mais seguros, apresentarem melhor contraste nas imagens e possibilitarem direcionar/concentrar o material em tecidos ou tumores através de um gradiente de campo magnético aplicado. Foram feitos numerosos ensaios de toxicidade tanto in vitro quanto in vivo para assegurar a segurança da aplicação de nanopartículas no organismo, cujo potencial de uso somente se tornará uma realidade caso os nanomateriais se mostrem não tóxicos e biocompatíveis. Apesar dos significativos avanços na área da aplicação desses nanomateriais, não foram encontrados na literatura modelos capazes de explicar ou prever por quais sítios de ligação devem ocorrer as interações proteína-nanopartícula, como também não foram encontrados estudos sistemáticos acerca dos fatores que determinam a estabilidade e a funcionalidade dos nanobioconjugados (NBCs). Assim, nesta tese buscamos compreender os fatores responsáveis pela ligação/adsorção das proteínas nas nanopartículas de ouro e sua influência sobre a estabilidade das suspensões e a funcionalidade das proteínas. Desta forma, foram obtidos NBCs com propriedades adequadas para o desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de ensaios de diagnóstico e até para o tratamento de doenças. Foi demonstrado o potencial das nanopartículas de ouro para melhorar a performance de imunoensaios do tipo ELISA, mas também podem ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de métodos de diagnóstico, explorando as propriedades plasmônicas das nanopartículas de ouro acopladas a técnicas como SERS, SPR e microscopia Raman confocal. / Theranostics has been intensively pursued in recent years using hybrid materials based on nanoparticles conjugated with biomolecules. This is an interesting strategy to increase the selectivity and sensitivity, as well as to improve the currently used methods facilitating their use or creating new ones. Among the various types of nanomaterials, those based on gold and magnetic nanoparticles exhibit interesting chemical and physical properties in the biological environment, differing from that of free drugs or current explored in assay methods. For example, superparamagnetic nanoparticles are excellent contrast agents for magnetic resonance image (MRI) diagnostics because they are safer, present a better contrast efficiency for imaging and can be magnetically accumulated in tissues or tumors using a magnetic field. Numerous in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays were performed to ensure the safety for medical applications. Clearly, these type of applications only will be realized if nanomaterials prove to be nontoxic and biocompatible. This imply an strict control on their structure and composition. However, despite the significant advances in the development of such nanomaterials, there were not found in the literature model systems explaining or that can be used to predict by which sites the protein-nanoparticle binding should take place. In addition, no systematic studies on the factors determining the stability and the functionality of nanobioconjugates (NBC) were found. Thus, this thesis is focused in unveiling the factors responsible for binding/adsorption of proteins on gold nanoparticles and their influence on the colloidal stability of hybrid nanoparticles suspensions while keeping the functionality of biomolecules. In fact, NBC with enhanced properties suitable for the development of diagnostic methods and even for treatment of diseases were obtained. These nanomaterials can improve the ELISA immunoassay, or other diagnosis methods can be developed by using the gold nanoparticles plasmonic properties in association with SERS, SPR and confocal Raman microscopy techniques.
99

Espécies polinucleares de cobre e ferro com catalisadores de oxidação e modelos de sítios ativos / Polynuclear species of copper and iron as oxidation catalysts and types of active sites

Alves, Wendel Andrade 23 March 2005 (has links)
Diferentes complexos de cobre(II), contendo ligantes do tipo base de Schiff e um grupamento imidazólico, com interesse bioinorgânico, catalítico e como novos materiais, foram preparados na forma de sais perclorato, nitrato ou cloreto e caracterizados através de diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas (UV/Vis, IR, EPR, Raman) e espectrometria de massa Tandem (ESI-MS/MS), além de análise elementar, condutividade molar e medidas de propriedades magnéticas. Alguns destes compostos, obtidos como cristais adequados, tiveram suas estruturas determinadas por cristalografia de raios-X. As espécies di- e polinucleares contendo pontes cloreto, mostraram desdobramentos das hiperfinas nos espectros de EPR, relacionados à presença do equilíbrio com a respectiva espécie mononuclear, devido à labilidade dos íons cloretos, dependendo do contra-íon e do tipo de solvente utilizado. Adicionalmente, em solução alcalina, estes compostos estão em equilíbrio com as correspondentes espécies polinucleares, onde os centros de cobre estão ligados através de um ligante imidazolato. Em meio alcalino, estes compostos polinucleares contendo ponte imidazolato foram também isolados e caracterizados por diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas e magnéticas. Através da variação estrutural e também do ligante-ponte foi possível modular o fenômeno da interação magnética entre os íons de cobre em estruturas correlatas di- e polinucleares. Os respectivos parâmetros magnéticos foram obtidos com ajuste das curvas experimentais de XM vs T, correlacionando-se muito bem com a geometria, ângulos e distâncias de ligação entre os íons, quando comparado com outros complexos similares descritos na literatura. Posteriormente, estudaram-se os fatores relacionados com a reatividade de todas essas espécies como catalisadores na oxidação de substratos de interesse (fenóis e aminas), através da variação do tamanho da cavidade nas estruturas cíclicas ou de variações no ligante coordenado ao redor do íon metálico. Vários deles se mostraram bons miméticos de tirosinases e catecol oxidases. Um novo complexo-modelo da citocromo c oxidase (CcO), utilizando a protoporfirina IX condensada ao quelato N,N,-bis[2-(1,2-metilbenzimidazolil)etil]amino e ao resíduo de glicil-L-histidina, foi sintetizado e caracterizado através de diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas, especialmente EPR. A adição de H2O2 ao sistema completamente oxidado, FeIII/CuII, a -55°C, ou o borbulhamento de oxigênio molecular a uma solução do complexo na sua forma reduzida, FeII/CuI, saturada de CO, resultou na formação de adutos com O2, de baixo spin, estáveis a baixas temperaturas. / Different Schiff base copper(II) complexes containing an imidazole ligand were prepared as perchlorate, nitrate and chloride salts, and characterized by different techniques (UV/Vis, IR, EPR, Raman) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), besides elemental analysis, conductivity measurements and magnetic properties. Some of these complexes, suitable crystals were isolated, allowing its structure to be determined by X-ray crystallography. Equilibria involving mono- and dinuclear species containing chloro-bridges were monitored in solution by EPR spectra, indicating a significant dependence on the solvent, and the counter-ion. In alkaline solution, deprotonation of the imidazole moiety promotes a self-assembled process, by coordination of the irnidazolate nitrogen atom to a copper(II) center of an adjacent unit, leading to the macrociclic or zig-zag-chain structures. These complexes were isolated and characterized by different spectroscopy techniques and magnetic susceptibility. The use of different bridging ligands and well-designed polydentate ligands afforded correlated structural features and exchange coupling constant in a series of di- e polinuclear copper(II) complexes. The magnetic parameters of these compounds were determined by temperaturedependent magnetic studies XM vs T, showing that the sign and the magnitude of the exchange coupling constant depends of the geometry, angle at the bridge, as well as on the bond length between paramagnetic ions, when compared with other complexes already described in the literature. The catalytic activity of the obtained complexes toward the usual biological oxidant, molecular oxygen, were then compared. Most of the di- and polynuclear compounds showed to be efficient catalysts of the aerobic oxidation of amines and o henolic substrates. Differinvg in some structural features, their tyrosinase-like catalytic activity was verified to be influenced by several factors, including steric hindrance of the ligands, cavity dimensions and accessibility of the oxidant to the catalytic center. A new biomimetic model system of the cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) derived from protohemin-IX and it contains a glycyl-L-histidine methyl ester arm axially binds the iron; the bis(benzimidazole) group acts as copper-coordinating site. has been prepared and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, including EPR spectroscopy. The H2O2 addiction to the fully oxidised state of the system at -55ºC, or bubbling molecular oxygen into a CO-saturated solution of the reduced FeII/CuI state of the complex, resulted in a low spin oxygenated intermediate.
100

Estudo de nanopartículas de ouro e de magnetita voltadas para medicina diagnóstica / Study of gold and magnetite nanoparticles for medical diagnostics applicatios

Mayara Klimuk Uchiyama 14 August 2015 (has links)
A teragnóstica de doenças tem sido extremamente marcada nos últimos anos por nanomateriais formados pela conjugação de nanopartículas a biomoléculas, pois a aplicação de tecnologias baseadas em materiais na dimensão nanométrica é capaz de aumentar a seletividade, sensibilidade e praticidade dos métodos atualmente empregados, ou mesmo criar novos métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças. Dentre os vários tipos de nanomateriais desenvolvidos, aqueles baseados em nanopartículas de ouro ou nanopartículas magnéticas apresentam propriedades químicas e físicas diferenciadas que propiciam novas possibilidades. Por exemplo, a presente tese demonstrou que nanopartículas superparamagnéticas são excelentes agentes de contraste em exames de imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) por serem mais seguros, apresentarem melhor contraste nas imagens e possibilitarem direcionar/concentrar o material em tecidos ou tumores através de um gradiente de campo magnético aplicado. Foram feitos numerosos ensaios de toxicidade tanto in vitro quanto in vivo para assegurar a segurança da aplicação de nanopartículas no organismo, cujo potencial de uso somente se tornará uma realidade caso os nanomateriais se mostrem não tóxicos e biocompatíveis. Apesar dos significativos avanços na área da aplicação desses nanomateriais, não foram encontrados na literatura modelos capazes de explicar ou prever por quais sítios de ligação devem ocorrer as interações proteína-nanopartícula, como também não foram encontrados estudos sistemáticos acerca dos fatores que determinam a estabilidade e a funcionalidade dos nanobioconjugados (NBCs). Assim, nesta tese buscamos compreender os fatores responsáveis pela ligação/adsorção das proteínas nas nanopartículas de ouro e sua influência sobre a estabilidade das suspensões e a funcionalidade das proteínas. Desta forma, foram obtidos NBCs com propriedades adequadas para o desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de ensaios de diagnóstico e até para o tratamento de doenças. Foi demonstrado o potencial das nanopartículas de ouro para melhorar a performance de imunoensaios do tipo ELISA, mas também podem ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de métodos de diagnóstico, explorando as propriedades plasmônicas das nanopartículas de ouro acopladas a técnicas como SERS, SPR e microscopia Raman confocal. / Theranostics has been intensively pursued in recent years using hybrid materials based on nanoparticles conjugated with biomolecules. This is an interesting strategy to increase the selectivity and sensitivity, as well as to improve the currently used methods facilitating their use or creating new ones. Among the various types of nanomaterials, those based on gold and magnetic nanoparticles exhibit interesting chemical and physical properties in the biological environment, differing from that of free drugs or current explored in assay methods. For example, superparamagnetic nanoparticles are excellent contrast agents for magnetic resonance image (MRI) diagnostics because they are safer, present a better contrast efficiency for imaging and can be magnetically accumulated in tissues or tumors using a magnetic field. Numerous in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays were performed to ensure the safety for medical applications. Clearly, these type of applications only will be realized if nanomaterials prove to be nontoxic and biocompatible. This imply an strict control on their structure and composition. However, despite the significant advances in the development of such nanomaterials, there were not found in the literature model systems explaining or that can be used to predict by which sites the protein-nanoparticle binding should take place. In addition, no systematic studies on the factors determining the stability and the functionality of nanobioconjugates (NBC) were found. Thus, this thesis is focused in unveiling the factors responsible for binding/adsorption of proteins on gold nanoparticles and their influence on the colloidal stability of hybrid nanoparticles suspensions while keeping the functionality of biomolecules. In fact, NBC with enhanced properties suitable for the development of diagnostic methods and even for treatment of diseases were obtained. These nanomaterials can improve the ELISA immunoassay, or other diagnosis methods can be developed by using the gold nanoparticles plasmonic properties in association with SERS, SPR and confocal Raman microscopy techniques.

Page generated in 0.0519 seconds