This qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was aimed at exploring and describing secondary teachers’ experiences in dealing with adolescent learners displaying mental distress in Gaborone. Moreover, recommendations were proposed for the support needed by secondary teachers who interact with adolescents learners in order to curb mental distress in schools. The sampling method that was used to identify 21 secondary school teachers who participated in this study was purposive. Focus group discussions, as well as field notes, were used to collect data, which were analysed using a thematic analysis. An array of factors that could lead to delays in identifying adolescent learners with mental distress, such as large student numbers and insufficient resources to meet their needs, learners showing signs of mental distress not being taken seriously, lack of parental involvement, relegating parental duties and lack of trust were revealed by the findings. The researcher observed that approaches to support, such as policy guides, parental involvement, peer education and life skills training were best suited to address mental distress in schools as noted by participants. The participants shared the various ways they employed to deal with mental distress in adolescent learners, and suggested strategies that they, together with parents and other stakeholders, could engage in to address these factors. The identified strategies provided a contextual way of establishing recommendations to overcome adolescent mental distress. These included, but were not limitted to, the engagement by parents in mental health problems in schools, as well as policy reviews, and restructuring the referral system. / Health Studies / M. P. H.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background:Patient satisfaction is an important means of measuring the effectiveness of health care delivery and medical care. Patient satisfaction provides a picture of the extent to which the general health care needs of the patient provided by health care professionals are met to the satisfaction of the patient. Administration of patient satisfaction surveys provide an opportunity to identify and resolve potential problems before they become serious. Enhancing quality of service delivery in public health facilities is a prerequisite for the increased utilisation and sustainability of health care services to the population. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of patient satisfaction regarding service delivery provided by the doctors and nurses at a hospital in Botswana. Purpose:The study’s aim was to investigate the level of patient satisfaction regarding service delivery at a hospital in Botswana. Methods:Aquantitative approach using a self-administered structured questionnaire to collect data regarding patient satisfaction regarding service delivery at hospital was used.A consecutive sampling technique was used to select patients who fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. A sample size of 360 patients was required for the study, which was calculated based on the Taro Yamane formula. Data was analysed using SPSS version V.21.0. Results:The mean age of the outpatients was 38.5(SD ±15.6) years while,for the inpatients, the mean agewas 33.3(SD±12.4) years. The greater proportion of respondents in both groups was females. Nearly half (47%) of the outpatients were employed, whereas more than half (53%) of the inpatients were unemployed. The majority of the participants had a low level of education. The mean satisfaction level was 58.9 (SD±7.9)for outpatients, while for in patients, the mean satisfaction level was 70.3 (SD±12.5). A large proportion (65%) of the outpatients were satisfied compared to the inpatients (54%), however, the results were not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the age, gender, employment status, level of education of the outpatients and their level of satisfaction. For inpatient variables, age, gender, and level of education were not associated with level of satisfaction (p>0.05). Conclusion: Inconclusion, regardless of the fact that certain aspects of care provided a t this hospital were unsatisfactory, the results of the present study revealed that, overall,more than half of the patients were satisfied with the inpatients and outpatient aspects of the xiv care they were provided.

The debates on whether or not to regulate micro lending have shifted to finding the appropriate regulatory models. This is because countries are in agreement that being part of the greater financial services sector, micro lending plays an important role in the economic and social development of the citizens as it enables the poor to have access to credit and better their lives. To this end, Botswana has not fallen short of this global trend. Micro lending regulation plays an important role in maintaining the financial safety and soundness of any country’s financial sector. If not properly regulated, the micro lending industry can lead to undesirable incidents like financial crisis and suicide cases as it was the case in the State of Andhra Pradesh of India where borrowers were over-indebted leading them to commit suicide. Since there is not a perfect regulatory model, countries have over the years formulated regulatory frameworks for micro lending. Some of the laws failed and created more problems than they were in fact intended to solve like the 2010 financial crisis in India. In 2008 Parliament of Botswana enacted the Non-Bank Financial Institutions Regulatory Authority Act in order to regulate (NBFIs), including micro lenders. The primary purpose of this study is to scrutinize the mechanisms in place for the regulation and supervision of micro lenders in Botswana in light of those set internationally and subsequently deducing their effectiveness or lack thereof. The comparative analysis will focus on South Africa and India’s State of Andhra Pradesh. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Botswana Railways has been facing low employee motivation and productivity for some time. Companies such as Air Botswana which had been experiencing similar issues decided to privatise to increase its efficiency and, as a result, turned things around. Hence, using both quantitative and qualitative investigation at the Headquarters of the Botswana Railways, this study sought to determine the extent of employee motivation and how to enhance it in order to increase employee productivity. The study revealed that employees' main grievances included poor remuneration and lack of opportunities for growth and promotion. It is recommended that Botswana Railways implements policies and strategies which could uplift employees' morale to increase employee productivity and company output. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

The debates on whether or not to regulate micro lending have shifted to finding the appropriate regulatory models. This is because countries are in agreement that being part of the greater financial services sector, micro lending plays an important role in the economic and social development of the citizens as it enables the poor to have access to credit and better their lives. To this end, Botswana has not fallen short of this global trend. Micro lending regulation plays an important role in maintaining the financial safety and soundness of any country’s financial sector. If not properly regulated, the micro lending industry can lead to undesirable incidents like financial crisis and suicide cases as it was the case in the State of Andhra Pradesh of India where borrowers were over-indebted leading them to commit suicide. Since there is not a perfect regulatory model, countries have over the years formulated regulatory frameworks for micro lending. Some of the laws failed and created more problems than they were in fact intended to solve like the 2010 financial crisis in India. In 2008 Parliament of Botswana enacted the Non-Bank Financial Institutions Regulatory Authority Act in order to regulate (NBFIs), including micro lenders. The primary purpose of this study is to scrutinize the mechanisms in place for the regulation and supervision of micro lenders in Botswana in light of those set internationally and subsequently deducing their effectiveness or lack thereof. The comparative analysis will focus on South Africa and India’s State of Andhra Pradesh. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This study focuses on the induction of novice teachers in Community Junior Secondary Schools (CJSS) in Gaborone, Botswana. The point of departure is that induction is an important factor that is essential to the success of every beginner teacher. It is the responsibility of the school management to provide comprehensive induction programmes that will support beginner teachers and retain them in the teaching profession. This problem was investigated by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation using a qualitative approach. A small sample of beginner teachers in six selected schools in Gaborone formed the sample for this study. Findings indicated that the extent to which novice teachers are given professional guidance and support in schools is not enough. It is recommended that induction programmes receive more priority in schools since the first year of teaching is the most important determiner in the teaching career of an individual. / Education management / M.Ed. (Education Management)

This research investigated the educational orientation of teacher educators in colleges of education in Botswana whether pedagogic or andragogic, and how they influence their educational practice. The methods of investigation were, a literature study of belief systems, andragogy and pedagogy as well as the nature of educational orientation, a survey of the educational orientation of teacher educators in Botswana using a structured Educational Orientation Questionnaire (EOQ) adopted from Hadley (Quam, 1998) and a semi-structured group interview to a stratified random sample of student teachers at two of the colleges of education. The results showed that most teacher educators in colleges of education in Botswana had a pedagogical rather than an andragogical orientation. They predominantly use educator-centred rather student-centred teaching methods. / Educational Studies / M Ed. (Didactics)

This study examines the role of Community Based-Organisations (CBOs) in the response to HIV/AIDS as a development challenge drawing examples from the Gabane Community Home-Based Care CBO in Botswana. The study adopted qualitative methods of research and used group discussions, relative unstructured interviews, direct observation and literature review as methods of data collection. The study found out that HIV/AIDS is indeed a development problem and that it can be dealt with using some existing development approaches such as the sustainable livelihoods approaches. The study further identified specific roles that CBOs play in the response to HIV/AIDS. It also revealed the potential that CBOs have in achieving development. In addition, the study identified and outlined challenges that CBOs face in responding to HIV/AIDS. Key recommendations are that CBOs must integrate poverty reduction interventions in their activities. They must also form coalitions and strengthen their capacity to sustain their activities and manage partnerships. / Development Studies

Economic development is one of the main objectives of developed and developing nations worldwide. Development comes with growth of urban areas. Urban growth is achieved through sand and gravel mining for construction of modern, attractive and durable structures. The study examined positive and negative environmental impacts of the continuous removal of river sand, pit sand and gravel from sampled rivers and open areas surrounding Gaborone developing Central Business District, malls and private properties in city. Quantitative and qualitative research designs that is questionnaire survey, oral interviews, field observation and measurements were used to collect data from selected sampled points. Metsimotlhabe and Ditlhakane rivers were selected because they are nearer to Gaborone and most river sand is mined from these rivers. More points were sampled from open areas in Kumakwane, Kopong and Bela Bela farms where pit sand and gravel are mined. Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to pick questionnaire survey respondents (175) from Kumakwane and Metsimotlhabe villages where people affected lives. Findings of the study highlighted that river sand was mined most from rivers near Gaborone compared to pit sand and gravel because of its multi uses. Mining is important for economic development, to construct durable, modern structures, employment creation and revenue collection but removal of river sand leads to deepening and widening of rivers. Artificial rivulets are formed as resource is extracted uncontrollably. Pit sand and gravel are extracted from open areas creating uncovered deep pits, which caused of accidents to children and livestock. Erosion and environmental degradation occur due to continuous mining. Miners dispose waste on open areas and riverbeds causing land pollution. Dust and noise pollution from tipper trucks ferrying sand and gravel are a cause of concern to villagers as the trucks move even at night, disturbing sleep. Solutions to uncontrolled mining include 24 hour security and regular raids on illegal miners. The author recommends that heavy penalties should be imposed to curb illegal mining. High level decision making forum involving all stakeholders is necessary to discuss problems of illegal mining and how to limit negative impacts. Department of Mines need to develop an Environmental Management Plan and a close monitoring program nationwide. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

The study was carried out to investigate the role of the secondary school head in Botswana in respect to four themes, namely: staff development; classroom supervision; school culture building; and conflict management. Basically, school development planning was defined as a strategy that can be employed to improve the teaching and learning processes. This could be achieved by on-going staff development programmes that equip staff with new knowledge and new classroom teaching techniques. Details of strategies that could be used to achieve this were examined and discussed in this thesis. Two chapters of the literature review were made in this thesis. Chapter II (Part I) made a direct link between the literature review and the research questions on the main topic of this thesis. Chapter III (Part II) on the other hand provided, a comparative analysis of school development planning between Botswana (as the focal point) and the United Kingdom and Australia (as examples). The analysis was concerned with three issues of: human capacity; budget allocation and its control; and accountability. The inclusion of this second chapter on the literature analysis was to add weight and to raise the analytical standard of the thesis. Closed responses and open-ended questionnaires were used to gather data. A total of 60 respondents comprising heads and teachers from 10 junior and five senior secondary schools participated in the investigation. Summaries of the findings from both the empirical and theoretical components for each of the themes are that: • There cannot be development without developing the developer. • Classroom supervision is essential because it provides the basis for staff development and subsequently improved teaching. • School development planning must be a staff co-operative effort leading to the formation of a sustainable school culture of working teams. • Conflict is always there in organizations, what is important , however, is for the administrator to manage it such that it benefits the organization. Basically, the empirical and theoretical components, supported each other on the majority of issues. The United Kingdom and Australia, being developed countries, do not experience the problems of funding, staffing, and other supportive resources to effectively implement school development planning to the extent of Botswana. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Educational Management)