The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of addition of technical hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on performance parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 105 broilers Ross 308 were divided into three groups. The groups were identified: Cannabis 5, Cannabis 15 and Control. Group Cannabis 5 was fed with 5 % hempseed cake in feed composition. Group of Cannabis 15 was fed with 15 % hempseed cake in feed composition. Group of Control was not fed with hempseed cake. As a response criterion was chosen weight gain, feed conversion, lean meat, carcass yield and blood liver enzymes concentration. In this thesis, we focus on assessing the impact of hempseed cakes on weight gain, feed conversion and the carcass yield. The increments in body weight were significant statistical differences (P < 0.05). Broilers fed with 15 % hempseed cake in feed composition grew slowly and had worse feed conversion. Carcass yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by content of hempseed cake in feed composition. Measured concentration of enzymes in groups was not affected by contents of hempseed cake.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho aborda o movimento social conhecido como Marcha da Maconha, buscando uma análise compreensiva de suas características a partir de revisão teórica e pesquisa etnográfica. Apresenta inicialmente uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o fenômeno das drogas, com o objetivo específico de contextualizar o debate em que o movimento se insere. Busca-se enfatizar a polissemia do termo droga, os aspectos culturais, sociais, econômicos e políticos da história da proibição de algumas drogas e o atual cenário de modelo proibicionista. A partir deste enquadramento, o trabalho apresenta um histórico da manifestação Marcha da Maconha no Brasil, enfatizando seus princípios norteadores, modo de organização, demandas e identidade. Busca-se compreender, lançando mão da abordagem teórica de autores como Touraine e Melucci, os fatores de mobilização e pertencimento construídos na manifestação que marcam experiências na vida social. Apresenta então resultados da pesquisa de campo junto à rede de ativistas da manifestação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2013. Partindo da diversidade e das tensões internas e históricas da organização, o trabalho propõe mapear e caracterizar os grupos engajados, evidenciando as diferentes interpretações sobre o próprio movimento, perfis de ativismo e militância, interesses, enfoques e estratégias. / The present work aproaches the social movemente known as Marijuana March. Proposes a comprehensive description of the movement and its characteristics, starting from a theorical revision and etnograpich search. Presents initially a bibliograpich revision about the drug phenomenum, trying to comprehend the debate in which the movement acts. At this point, emphasize the polissemic aspect of the term drug, the cultural, social, economic and political aspects of the history of prohibition of some drugs, and the actual scenarium of the prohibitionist model. Starting from this frame, the work presents a history of the Marijuana March events in Brasil, emphasizing its principles, organization, demands and identity. Using the theorical aprouch of authors as Touraine and Melucci, we search to comprehend the factors of mobilizations and belongings constructeds in the manifestation, that marks experiences on social life. Then presents results of the field search along activists of the manifestation in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the year 2013. Starting from the diversity and intern and historical tensions of the organization, the work proposes to map and characterize the groups involveds, showing the different interpretations of the movement, ways of acting, interests focusing and strategies.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-12-19T17:57:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Identificação Química em Nível Molecular de Amostras de de Maconha por ESI-FT-ICR MS.pdf: 5116408 bytes, checksum: bd1abd84e579ae77841f93ccc152cb2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-12-19T18:13:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Identificação Química em Nível Molecular de Amostras de de Maconha por ESI-FT-ICR MS.pdf: 5116408 bytes, checksum: bd1abd84e579ae77841f93ccc152cb2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-19T18:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Identificação Química em Nível Molecular de Amostras de de Maconha por ESI-FT-ICR MS.pdf: 5116408 bytes, checksum: bd1abd84e579ae77841f93ccc152cb2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / mais consumida no país, e proscrita pela Lei n° 11.343 de 23 de agosto de 2006 (chamada de “nova lei de droga”), onde todos os isômeros, sais, éteres e ésteres do ∆9-Tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), princípio ativo, foram proscritos. O método utilizado pela Polícia Civil do Estado do Espírito Santo para a identificação de cannabinóides é o teste colorimétrico, por meio de solução básica de Salt Fast Blue B, o qual apresenta resultados falsos negativos e falsos positivos. A técnica de espectrometria de massas de altíssima resolução e exatidão de massas (ESI(-)FTICR MS), permite detectar os principais cannabinóides na forma de molécula desprotonada, íon [M-H]-. Alguns íons que podem ser identificados são: [CBN - H]- de m/z 309 (CBN = cannabinol); [THC - H]- de m/z 313 (THC = tetrahidrocannabinol) e [CBD - H]- de m/z 313; [CBC - H]- de m/z 327 (CBC = cannabicromeno); [CBEA - H]- de m/z 345 (CBEA = ácido cannabielsóico); [CBNA - H]- de m/z 353 (CBNA = ácido cannabinólico); [THCA - H]- de m/z 357 (THCA = ácido tetrahidrocannabinólico); [8α, 11-Bis-hydroxy-∆9-THC-A - H]- de m/z 389); [∆9-THCA +C2H2O - H]- de m/z 357; e dímeros com m/z de 637, 653, 673, 681, 685 e 717. Foram encontrados adulterantes identificados como [M + N + H]+ : 491; [2M + N + H]+ : 819 e [3M + N + H]+ : 1147, onde M = OTHC (328Da C21H28O3) e N = Nicotina (162Da C10H14N2), além de lidocaína e cocaína. Ainda foram identificados alguns noncannabinóides como Cannflavino A e B e ácidos graxos como palmítico, oleico, linolênico e gama-linolênico nos extratos de sementes de Cannabis. Este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar o perfil químico de amostras de maconha, apreendidas pela Polícia Civil do Estado do Espírito Santo, por ESI(±)-FT-ICR MS. / The Cannabis sativa L. is well known in Brazil as "maconha". This is the most consumed drug in this country, proscribed by the Law number 11.343 of 23rd August 2006(called "new drug law) , where all isomers, salts, ethers and esters of ∆9Tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), active principle, were proscribed. The method used by the Civil Police of Espírito Santo state to identify the cannabinoids is the test called "colorimetric. It is used by a basic solution of Salt Fast Blue B, which presents results false negatives and false positive. The technic of mass spectrometry of high solution and mass accuracies, ESI(-)FT-ICR MS, allows to detect the main cannabinoids in the form of molecules deprotonated , ions [M-H]. Some ions that can be identified are: [CBN-H]- of m/z 309 (CBN = cannabinol); [THC - H]- of m/z 313 (THC = tetrahidrocannabinol) and [CBD - H]- of m/z 313; [CBC –H]- of 327 (CBC = cannabicromeno); [CBEA - H]- of m/z 345 (CBEA = acid cannabielsóico); [CBNA - H] of m/z 353 (CBEA = acid cannabinólico); [THCA-H] de m/z 357 (THCA = acid tetrahidrocannabinólico); [8α,11-Bis-hydroxy-∆9-THC-A - H]- de m/z 389); [∆9-THCA +C2H2O - H]- of m/z 357; and dimers with m/z 637, 653, 673, 681, 685 and 717. Identified as contaminants found: [M + H]+: 491; [2M + N + H]+: 819; [3M + N + H]+: 1147, where M = OTHC (328Da C21H28O3) and N is nicotine (C10H14N2 162Da) beyond lidocaine and cocaine. Still some noncannabinóides were identified as: Cannflavino A and B and fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic and gammalinolenic acid in the extracts of cannabis seeds. This study has the purpose to identify the chemical profile from samples of cannabis seized by the Civil Police from Espirito Santo state, by ESI(±)-FT-ICR MS.

The frontostriatal dopamine system modulates brain function and is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Dysfunction of this system is associated with many pathological states, including schizophrenia. The enzyme catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) metabolises dopamine and its gene contains a polymorphism (Val¹⁵⁸Met) that affects enzyme activity. Delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis, has been suggested to interact with this polymorphism to increase the risk for psychosis and cognitive impairments. Dopaminergic mechanisms are a plausible candidate for mediating this interaction. I used microdialysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to examine the effects of THC on extracellular dopamine and its metabolites in the nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in freely moving mice. Following acute COMT inhibition with tolcapone, THC increased extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens in tolcapone-, but not in vehicle-, treated mice. The introduction of the low activity Met allele into the COMT gene produced a highly specific, novel mouse model of the Val158Met polymorphism. In contrast to the effects of acute COMT inhibition, the Met allele protected against THC-induced changes in accumbal dopamine. No interactive neurochemical effects were observed in the dorsal striatum (pharmacological and genetic study) or in a preliminary study of the mPFC (genetic study only). On a progressive ratio task measuring motivational salience, the direction of the interactive effect between COMT genotype and THC differed between 2 independent cohorts and provided tentative leads that stress/arousal-dependent effects on COMT may have a confounding effect. My data provide evidence that COMT activity modulates the effect of THC on accumbal dopamine function, and suggest the mechanism through which this interaction is mediated differs between acute and lifelong reduction in COMT activity. Through the interactive effect on the dopaminergic system, the data provide a potential mechanism for the reported interaction between COMT and cannabis/THC in determining psychosis risk and cognitive impairments.

abstract: There is a robust association between psychosis and cannabis use, but the mechanisms underlying this relation are poorly understood. Because both psychosis and cannabis use have been linked to cardiovascular problems, it is possible that cannabis use exacerbates an underlying vascular vulnerability in individuals prone to psychosis. To investigate microvascular differences in individuals with psychotic symptoms and cannabis use, the current study tested associations between psychotic-like experiences, cannabis use, and retinal vessel diameter in 101 young adults (mean age=19.37 years [SD=1.93]). Retinal venular diameter did not differ between participants with (M=218.08, SD=15.09) and without psychotic-like experiences (M=216.61, SD=16.18) (F(1, 97)=0.01, p=.93) or between cannabis users (M=218.41, SD=14.31) and non-users (M=216.95, SD=16.26) (F(1, 97)=0.37, p=.54). Likewise, mean retinal arteriolar diameter did not differ between participants with (M=157.07, SD=10.96) and without psychotic-like experiences (M=154.88, SD=9.03) (F(1, 97)=0.00, p=.97). However, cannabis users had statistically significantly wider retinal arterioles (M=159.10, SD=9.94) than did non-users (M=154.29, SD=10.20) (F(1, 97)=5.99, p=.016), and this effect was robust to control for covariates. There was no evidence of an interaction between psychotic-like experiences and cannabis use in predicting retinal vessel diameter. These results indicate that cannabis use is associated with microvascular differences in young adulthood. Given current trends toward legalization of recreational cannabis use, future research should explore these differences and their potential consequences for cardiovascular health. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2016

Past research has explored the concurrent and longitudinal associations between externalizing behaviours, marijuana use, and academic outcomes and has found that externalizing behaviours and marijuana use negatively affect academic performance. However, precursors to these pathways are not well understood. Early evidence of academic aptitude is an important predictor of academic performance in high school. Performance at a young age does not guarantee results in high school and low early academic aptitude does not necessarily result in low later performance. It is important to understand the factors that may impact students’ academic performance as they proceed through middle school and high school, and how early academic aptitude can influence risk factors that impact later academic performance. This project examines the role that marijuana use and externalizing behaviours play in the association between early academic aptitude and later academic performance. The project uses six waves of data from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey (V-HYS), a 10-year prospective longitudinal study. A community-based sample of youth (N = 662; 48% male; ages 12 to 18) were surveyed biannually from 2003 (W1) to 2014 (W6). Frequency of marijuana use over the past year and externalizing behaviours were assessed at each time point. To assess academic aptitude, participants’ British Columbia Foundation Skills Assessment (FSA) percentile scores in numeracy, reading, and writing were measured in grades 7 and/or 10. Academic performance was assessed using participants’ provincially reported grade 12 English and Math course percentage grades as well as self-reported grade 12 grades. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the possible mediating and moderating effect of marijuana frequency and externalizing behaviours in the association between academic aptitude and academic performance. Academic aptitude was positively associated with academic performance (B = .59, SE = .04, p < .001) and negatively associated with marijuana use (B = -.21, SE = .04, p < .001). Marijuana use was negatively associated with academic performance (B = -.25, SE = .04, p < .001). The indirect effect of marijuana use was significant (b = .04, SE = .01, 95% CI = .018, .068). In terms of moderation, for the High Externalizing group (n = 75, 47% males), no paths were significant. For the Low Externalizing group (n = 445, 49% males), all paths were significant, and the indirect effect was significant (B = .05, SE = .02, CI = 0.01, 0.08). Marijuana use mediates the association between early academic aptitude and later academic performance, indicating the importance of early prevention and intervention. Externalizing behaviours moderated this association. While youth with externalizing behaviours are at high risk for marijuana use and should be targeted for intervention, youth who do not exhibit externalizing behaviours should also be included for prevention and intervention and may require different strategies. / Graduate

Syftet med denna studie var att belysa behandlarens roll och syn när det kommer till ungdomar med cannabisproblematik samt deras upplevelse av ungdomars inställning till samma ämne. Den metod som valdes för detta arbete var av en kvalitativ ansats och den empiriska data som samlades in var med hjälp av intervjuer genom strukturering av låg grad, vilket innebär att respondenterna hade stort utrymme att svara med egna ord. Det som har framkommit under studiens gång är hur ungdomar kommer i kontakt med den hjälpen som de behöver och varför de behöver hjälp med att sluta bruka cannabis. Det framgår även hur mycket alliansskapandet betyder när det kommer till behandlingsarbetet. Andra viktiga saker att poängtera är hur behandlare ska förhålla sig gentemot ungdomarna för att uppnå så goda behandlingsresultat som möjligt. Det som framgått i resultatet är hur behandlare förhåller sig till den svåra balansgången i mötet med ungdom samt hur behandlare upplever unga cannabisbrukare.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho aborda o movimento social conhecido como Marcha da Maconha, buscando uma análise compreensiva de suas características a partir de revisão teórica e pesquisa etnográfica. Apresenta inicialmente uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o fenômeno das drogas, com o objetivo específico de contextualizar o debate em que o movimento se insere. Busca-se enfatizar a polissemia do termo droga, os aspectos culturais, sociais, econômicos e políticos da história da proibição de algumas drogas e o atual cenário de modelo proibicionista. A partir deste enquadramento, o trabalho apresenta um histórico da manifestação Marcha da Maconha no Brasil, enfatizando seus princípios norteadores, modo de organização, demandas e identidade. Busca-se compreender, lançando mão da abordagem teórica de autores como Touraine e Melucci, os fatores de mobilização e pertencimento construídos na manifestação que marcam experiências na vida social. Apresenta então resultados da pesquisa de campo junto à rede de ativistas da manifestação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2013. Partindo da diversidade e das tensões internas e históricas da organização, o trabalho propõe mapear e caracterizar os grupos engajados, evidenciando as diferentes interpretações sobre o próprio movimento, perfis de ativismo e militância, interesses, enfoques e estratégias. / The present work aproaches the social movemente known as Marijuana March. Proposes a comprehensive description of the movement and its characteristics, starting from a theorical revision and etnograpich search. Presents initially a bibliograpich revision about the drug phenomenum, trying to comprehend the debate in which the movement acts. At this point, emphasize the polissemic aspect of the term drug, the cultural, social, economic and political aspects of the history of prohibition of some drugs, and the actual scenarium of the prohibitionist model. Starting from this frame, the work presents a history of the Marijuana March events in Brasil, emphasizing its principles, organization, demands and identity. Using the theorical aprouch of authors as Touraine and Melucci, we search to comprehend the factors of mobilizations and belongings constructeds in the manifestation, that marks experiences on social life. Then presents results of the field search along activists of the manifestation in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the year 2013. Starting from the diversity and intern and historical tensions of the organization, the work proposes to map and characterize the groups involveds, showing the different interpretations of the movement, ways of acting, interests focusing and strategies.

abstract: Although prior research has identified negative consequences from marijuana use, some states are legalizing marijuana for medical use due to its medical utility. In 2010, the State of Arizona passed medical marijuana legislation, yet, to date, little research has been published about the specific population characteristics of medical marijuana users or their criminal activity. The purpose of this study is to present the characteristics of medical marijuana users and examine the relationship between medical marijuana use and crime, including substance use, by comparing four groups which are medical marijuana users with authorized medical marijuana ID card (authorized medical marijuana users, AuMM users), medical marijuana users without authorized medical marijuana ID card (non-authorized medical marijuana users, NonAuMM users), illegal marijuana users without authorized medical marijuana ID card (non-authorized marijuana users, NonAuM users), and non-marijuana users (Non-users). Data were collected from a sample of recently booked arrestees in Maricopa County, Arizona through the Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) project. A total of 2,656 adult arrestees participated in the study. Findings show that authorized medical marijuana users were more likely to be male, younger, and high school graduates. Medical marijuana users, on average, were likely to acquire more marijuana and spend more money on obtaining marijuana compared to non-authorized marijuana users. Whereas the authorized medical marijuana users had a higher probability for DUI and drug selling/making than non-marijuana users, non-authorized medical marijuana users had a higher probability for involvement property crime, violent crime, DUI, and drug selling/making than non-marijuana users. Authorized medical marijuana users were less likely to use meth compared to non-authorized medical marijuana users and non-authorized marijuana users. This study suggests that it is important to recognize the non-authorized medical marijuana users under medical marijuana policy as well as the DUI regulations and medical insurance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2014

The type of cancer pain management used may have an effect on the quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. Researchers have determined that cancer patients are inadequately treated for pain and pain management is an essential determinant of patient survivability and QOL. Numerous clinical studies have been accomplished concerning opioid administration and noncancer and cancer pain management exist. Previous studies have examined the relationship between cannabinoid products, noncancer pain, cancer pain, and related QOL for patients but have not focused on the QOL of cancer patients while also moderating for gender. These relationships were investigated using the health belief model. The cancer pain management treatments (opioids and/or marijuana [cannabis]) and QOL, measured with World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey (WHOQOL-BREF), of 236 cancer patients were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), planned contrasts, post hoc tests, and moderated ANOVA (PROCESS tool) in the causal-comparative research. Research findings indicated significant benefit in cancer patient physical and psychological QOL in participants using marijuana when compared to participants using opioids and physical QOL for participants using marijuana over participants using both opioids and marijuana combined. Enhanced pain management options for cancer patients in order to reduce opioid side effects, increase pain treatment effectiveness, and improve patient QOL could yield positive social change. Growing rates of opiate addiction, abuse, and mortality are public health concerns and cannabis may be an effective pain treatment to reduce these social costs. This research may be of use to legislators considering rescheduling marijuana to less than Schedule I.