Orientador: Carlos Erivany Fantinati / Banca: João Luís Cardoso Tápias Ceccantini / Banca: Maria do Rosário Longo Mortatti / Banca: Alice Áurea Penteado Martha / Banca: José Batista de Sales / Resumo: As pesquisas ora realizadas sobre as crônicas de Ricardo de Medeiros Ramos (1929-1992) estão organizadas em dois volumes, visando alcançar pelo menos dois objetivos. Inicialmente, procurou-se valorizar o resultado de um longo trabalho de recolha e sistematização do corpus básico de estudo, trazendo, na íntegra, a transcrição das 93 crônicas publicadas pelo autor, de 1984 a 1986, no Jornal Folha da Tarde e um estudo que busca dar conta da dualidade de visão na articulação dos significados, marcadamente distintiva desses textos. Num segundo volume, objetivou-se comprovar a tese de que, partindo de comentários aparentemente simples sobre fatos do cotidiano, Ricardo Ramos constrói seu texto sob uma constante tensão crítica, que instaura um novo modelo de comunicação em que tese e antítese têm sua síntese na elaboração estética engendrada pelo autor por meio da linguagem. Este modo particular de "plasmar elementos não-literários" (CANDIDO, 1969, p. 34), insere-se numa vertente da literatura do final do século passado, que se destaca pela nítida função de crítica social, criando "um mundo novo, cujas leis fazem sentir melhor a realidade originária" (CANDIDO, 1993, p. 10) e exigindo do receptor "não uma postura empática e efetivamente identificadora com o texto, mas uma atitude atuante e interveniente no ato da leitura" (FANTINATI, 1983, p. 49), sob o risco do texto não se completar em sua totalidade. / Abstract: The researches made about the chronicles by Ricardo de Medeiros Ramos (1929-1992) were organized in two issues in order to aim at least two objectives. Firstly we have tried to value the hard work of collecting and systemizing a basic corpus. It has the whole transcription of 93 chronicles published by the author from 1984 to 1986 at Folha da Tarde newspaper as well as a study which tries to verify the double vision in the meaning articulation which are distinctly marked in those texts. Secondly, we aimed to prove the thesis that from apparently simple comments on everyday facts Ricardo Ramos builds his texts under constant criticism tension. It starts a new model of communication in which thesis and antithesis have its synthesis in the working up of aesthetics produced by the author through language. This unique way of "molding non-literary elements" (CANDIDO, 1060, p. 34) is part of late twentieth century literature side. This versant has a clear function of social criticism that creates "a new world whose laws make the derived reality fell better" (CANDIDO, 1993, p. 10) and demands from the receptor "not an empathy and effectively identifying posture whith the text but an acting and intervenient attitude in reading" (FANTINATI, 1983, p. 49) or the text will not be totally completed. / Doutor

[pt] Esta tese investiga a formação da historiografia moderna através do gênero crônica no império português. Escrita na segunda metade do século XVI, a Ásia de João de Barros possui uma história singular, sendo sua escrita continuada por dois cronistas de Goa no século XVII, Diogo do Couto e António Bocarro. Neste estudo, busco estabelecer as definições e funções do conceito de história na cultura letrada humanista portuguesa e as variações de práticas historiográficas, coêtaneas ao estabelecimento do Estado da Índia, entre cronistas e viajantes do Império Turco-Otomano e do Malabar. Nossa hipótese sustenta o argumento de que nesse período surge um regime de historicidade distinto do praticado no Medievo, o qual denominamos pela categoria histórias do mundo. / [en] This thesis investigates the formation of modern historiography through the chronic genre in the Portuguese empire. Written in the second half of the 16th century, Asia, by João de Barros has a unique history and its writing was continued by two writers of Goa in the seventeenth century, Diogo do Couto and António Bocarro. In this study, I seek to establish the definitions and functions of the concept of history in the literate humanist Portuguese culture and the variations of historiographic practices, related to the establishment of the State of India between chroniclers and travelers of the Ottoman-Turkish Empire and Malabar. Our hypothesis supports the argument that in this period a regime of historicity emerges distinct from that practiced in the Middle Ages, which is called by the category stories of the world.

Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht sich als ein Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Geschichte der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig und behandelt das erste Jahrzehnt ihres Bestehens, also den Zeitraum von 1923 bis 1933. Als Grundlage der Dokumentation dienten hauptsächlich Archivalien. Des Weiteren wurden zeitgenössische Fachzeitschriften verwendet. Zur Darstellung des zeitgeschichtlichen Hintergrundes wurden hauptsächlich Sekundärliteratur sowie einige wenige Internetseiten verwendet. Die Ergebnisse sind in zwei Abschnitte untergliedert, dabei befasst sich der erste Abschnitt mit der Gesamtfakultät, während der zweite Abschnitt näher auf die einzelnen Institute und Kliniken eingeht. Die Gesamtsituation war stark geprägt vom Umzug der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Dresden nach Leipzig und der damit verbundenen Eingliederung in die Leipziger Alma mater. Desweiteren verursachte die wirtschaftliche Notlage erhebliche Probleme für Forschung und Lehre. Dies ist auch im zweiten Abschnitt bei der Besprechung der einzelnen Einrichtungen an der Fakultät ein allgegenwärtiges Thema. Des Weiteren wird auf die Dozenten der Institute und Kliniken eingegangen, soweit diese nicht bereits Gegenstand anderer Dissertationen waren. Die wichtigsten Forschungsarbeiten und – soweit anhand von Archivalien belegbar – die Geldgeber dafür werden ebenfalls für die meisten Einrichtungen der Fakultät aufgezeigt. In der anschließenden Diskussion werden zunächst die Vor- und Nachteile des Umzuges von Dresden nach Leipzig gegenübergestellt. Obwohl die Nachteile hierbei zu überwiegen scheinen, kommt die Autorin zu dem Schluss, dass es nicht der Umzug an sich war, der sich als nachteilig erwies, sondern die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen nach dem 1. Weltkrieg, welche den Umzug zu einer regelrechten Bewährungsprobe machten. Weiterhin wird diskutiert, ob es unter den gegebenen Umständen möglich war, freie Forschung zu betreiben. Hier wird deutlich, dass diese Möglichkeit zwar theoretisch gegeben war, praktisch jedoch waren diejenigen Forscher, welche sich mit Themen beschäftigten, die das Interesse des Staates und/oder der Industrie weckten, weitaus besser gestellt und konnten ihre Forschungen entsprechend schnell vorantreiben. Als Beispiel sei hier Arthur SCHEUNERT genannt, der sich hauptsächlich mit Vitaminforschungen beschäftigte. Forschungen, für die der Staat bzw. die Industrie keine bzw. nur wenige Gelder aufbringen konnten oder wollten, waren dagegen nur möglich, weil sich Leiter und Mitarbeiter der Institute unter Erbringung persönlicher finanzieller und zeitlicher Opfer dafür einsetzten, wie beispielsweise Herman BAUM und sein Präparator Paul KURZWEG. / This paper should be understood as one article regarding the scientific processing of the history of the Faculty for Veterinary Medicine at the University of Leipzig. The paper presents the first decade of its existence, meaning the time period from 1923 to 1933. The archives have served primarily as the foundation of the documentation. Furthermore, contemporary technical journals have been used. Secondary literature and a few Internet pages have also been primarily used for the presentation of the historical background. The results have been sub-divided into two sections, whereby the first section deals with the overall faculty, while the second section addresses the details of the individual institutes and clinics. The overall situation was strongly characterized by the relocation of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Dresden, and its incorporation into the University of Leipzig. Furthermore, the economic necessity caused significant problems for research work and teaching. This is also a ubiquitous topic in the second section as part of the discussion of the individual establishments of the faculty. Furthermore, insofar as such has not been the topic of other dissertations, the lecturers at the institutes and clinics will be discussed. The most important research projects and, to the extent such can be proven on the basis of the archives, the sponsors for such projects will also be presented for most of the establishments of the faculty. The advantages and disadvantages of the relocation from Dresden to Leipzig will first be contrasted in the subsequent discussion. Although the disadvantages of this would seem to prevail, the author has concluded that the relocation itself was not the true disadvantages, but rather the economic conditions after the First World War, which made the relocation into a real test. Furthermore, if it would have been possible to conduct research freely under the circumstances will also be discussed. The fact that this possibility was entirely possible in theory, however those researchers who investigated these issues and wakened the interests of the state and/or the industry were much more capable of expediting their own research more quickly will be made clear. Arthur SCHEUNERT, who primarily performed vitamin research, would be one example. Research projects that either the state or industry could not, or did not, want to support financially were only possible, because the leaders and employees of the institutes invested their own money and time, as exemplified by Herman BAUM and his preparatory, Paul KURZWEG.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem por propósito investigar os modos de composição discursiva das crônicas portuguesas ultramarinas dos séculos XV e XVI. O discurso histórico apresentado por cronistas como Gomes Eanes de Zurara, João de Barros e Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, que serão aqui analisados, vinculados que estão à retórica, aplicam convenções morais e sociais, através das quais compõem os comportamentos e dignidades dos indivíduos representados por meio das narrativas. A crônica, como lugar de inscrição dos res gestae, atualizava a concepção epocal da história como memória, monumento e celebração de feitos dignos de serem historiados, relacionados a um regime de verdade e veridicção das imagens reputadas honestas dos indivíduos. Estas imagens são construídas através da alegoria, da metáfora e da figuração, representando, segundo os critérios semânticos da época, a verossimilhança e verdade dos feitos narrados, a partir de técnicas retóricas da evidentia e da ekphrasis. Como narrativa moral, cuja utilidade se reconhece na disponibilização de exemplos de virtudes e vícios a serem evitados e seguidos pelos indivíduos ligados à classe senhorial, as crônicas serviam ao bem comum do reino. Discurso ligado à retórica e à teologia-política, a história, nos séculos XV, XVI e XVII serve como memória artificial do patrimônio coletivo da comunidade, seguida de sua celebração e amplificação. / [en] The purpose of this dissertation is investigate the modes of discursive composition of the Portuguese Chronicles of the Fifteenth century and of the Sixteenth century. The historical discourse presented by the chroniclers Gomes Eanes de Zurara, João de Barros and Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, composed rhetorically for apply moral and social conventions, compose the behaviors and dignity of the represented individuals in the narratives. The chronicle, as a narrative of the res gestae, comprise the epochal conception of history as a memory, a monument and a place of celebration of facts worthy for history. These are facts are related a regime of truth and veridiction of the honesty of individuals. These reputations are be construed through the allegory, of the metaphor and the figuration. These forms of representation, according with the representation concept of Sixteenth century, was building of the truth and verisimilitude of the historical narrative, made from the category rhetoric of the ekhprasis and evidentia. As a morality tale, whose usefulness are be recognized in providing examples of virtues and vices, to avoid and followed by individuals linked to the master class, chronic served the common good of the kingdom. Connected discourse rhetoric and theology, politics, history, in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries serves as an artificial memory of the collective heritage of the community, followed by a celebration and amplification.

This diploma thesis is focused on the origin and history of elementary education system in the area Prague- west. The work is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practic. The theoretical part chronologically introduces the history of the schools since their inception ( complete dissolution ), to the present. The history of a particular schools in this area is the material source used to formulate the project for for students of different schools as the general public. The main aim of this project is to familiarize pupils with the history of their school and to strengthen the students' relationship to the school. The project will be realized in the school year 2014/2015. All proposed activities and expected outcomes are formulated according to the Framework Educational Programme.

The thesis deals with one of the most famous sources of citychronography that were being created in Bohemia in the 16th and early 17th century. The most competent and prolific literary author of Dačický's Paměti was Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov - a very controversial figure of the KutnáHora society before the Battle of the White Mountain. Beside introducing Dačický's personality and his own experience with the judiciary of the times, the thesis goes briefly into the history of Kutná Hora in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times and describes the city administration and the typical course of legal proceedings as it went before the municipal court. Paměti reflect the diverse crime of the time: the thesis focuses mainly on killing - special attention is paid to the agreements on the head (smlouvy o hlavu), female crimes or suicides - further affrays, duels, slanders and questioning of somebody's impeccability, frauds, thefts and robberies. Keywords Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov, the law, criminality, early modern period, Kutná Hora, city chronicle

This final work is focused on the space and light and its screening by the medium of the venetian blinds which are used to separate inner and outer space. This instalation made with 5 Venetian blinds is a parallel to the book. The object is in a form of the hexagon space. It mirrors surrounding story and closes it in the pages by the mirror film. The text is called Chronicle of the melancholy and indicates the intimite of the space of book. Between lines there is a penetration of the space and light behind the pages.

This paper deals with the problematic of ego-documents as historical sources. The following study is based on one example of these sources regarding the municipality of Studená during the first half of the 20th century. It is mainly focused on the local chronicle depicting the period of 1938-1949 written by the native of Studená and writer Vlasta Javořická. The important part of this work is an edition of this chronical completed with the comparaison with its almost identical copy. The chronical is characteristic of a noticable amount of specificities. It is predominantly an ego-document rather than an institutional and commemorative source. Through the analysis of local chronicles (ie. ego-documents) and the study of additional sources this paper aims to contribute among others to the theoretical problematic of the criticism of the historical sources. At the same time, it shall extend the existing findings regarding the study of the society and the reflection of some periods of the 20th century thanks to the official local chroniclers as well as the authors of different sources having a similar character. The main problematic of this paper is the question whether it is possible to fully use the ego-documents for the factual learning or rather for the research of the history of mentalities, dailyness, cultural and social history, ethnography, etc.

A Povst vremennyh lt ou, nesta versão em português, Narrativa dos anos passados é uma crônica monástica, de autoria indefinida, compilada na segunda década do século XII, no Monastério das Cavernas, em Kiev. A obra relata os feitos dos príncipes guerreiros de origem escandinava que reinaram sobre populações eslavas e fino-úgricas a partir da segunda metade do século IX, ao mesmo tempo em que busca inserir a Rus numa narrativa universal de caráter cristão. Para tanto, o texto segue de perto modelos cronográficos bizantinos e emprega constantemente episódios bíblicos, tanto canônicos, como apócrifos, além de escritos patrísticos. Por sua extensão, conteúdo, linguagem e estilo, considera-se a Povst vremennyh lt uma das principais obras da literatura eslava oriental antiga. Ademais, é a principal fonte para o estudo da história do principado de Kiev, tendo grande relevância para medievalistas, linguistas e estudiosos da cultura eslava em geral. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma tradução completa da crônica, direta do eslavo oriental, acompanhada de aparato crítico selecionado, comentários e apêndices. O texto da tradução é antecedido por uma breve contextualização histórica, uma apresentação do documento e dos manuscritos que o atestam, e uma reflexão a respeito das dificuldades práticas e teóricas do traduzir. / The Povst vremennyh lt, known in English as the Russian Primary Chronicle or The Tale of Bygone Years, is a monastic chronicle, compiled by an unknown author, during the second decade of the 12th century in the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev. It tells the deeds of the Scandinavian warrior princes that reigned over Slavic and Finno- Ugric populations from the second half of the 9th century. At the same time, it tries to fit the land of Rus into a Christian universal narrative. For this purpose, the chronicler emulates Byzantine models, and makes constant use of Biblical episodes, not only from the canon, but also apocryphal and patristic writings. Due to its length, its content and style, the Povst vremennyh lt is considered one of the most important works in Old East Slavic Literature, and one of the main sources for the study of Kievan Rus history. It is also valuable in the fields of medieval studies and linguistics. The present work aims to present a complete version of the chronicle in portuguese, translated directly from the Old East Slavic, with a selection of textual variants, notes and appendices. As a guide to the PVL, the reader will find a brief historical overview, a short analysis of the extant manuscripts and some comments on practical and theoretical translation topics.

Ce que nous appelons la Chronique (1408-1436) de Jean Lefèvre de Saint-Rémy (v.1396-1468) est une des sources les plus utilisées pour cerner l'histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne de la dynastie Valois, particulièrement les principats de Jean sans Peur et de Philippe le Bon. L'oeuvre historiographique décrit la guerre civile entre Armagnacs et Bourguignons de 1408 à 1435, en plus de quelques relations originales concernant la campagne d'Azincourt de 1415 vue du côté des Anglais ou encore les fêtes relatives aux noces de Philippe de Bourgogne et d'Isabelle de Portugal à Bruges, en janvier 1430. C'est en tant que roi d'armes de la Toison d'or que Jean Lefèvre a élaboré son oeuvre, prenant sa documentation depuis la copie de plusieurs sources narratives dont la plus importante est celle d'Enguerrant de Monstrelet mais également à partir de son témoignage oculaire, de ses enquêtes auprès de l'aristocratie bourguignonne ou encore des échanges avec les différents historiens contemporains évoluant au sein de la cour ducale. Le milieu bourguignon a influencé très largement cet auteur, celui-ci prenant comme type d'écriture celui des "Mémoires" composés par différents laïcs de son entourage. L'objectif de ses écrits historiques, traitant de manière clairement partiale les événements guerriers ou mondains, se situe dans la tradition encomiastique vis-à-vis du pouvoir à qui il doit ses missions, ses revenus et sa situation. En ce sens, nous retrouvons là une similitude avec les autres hérauts auteurs d'oeuvres historiques de la fin du Moyen Age, dont la sauvegarde de la fama et des revendications du maître reste la principale cause d'écriture. / The Chronicle (1408-1436) of Jean Lefèvre of Saint-Rémy (v.1396-1468) is one of sources the most used to understand the history of the Dukes of Burgundy from the dynasty Valois, particularly Princedom of John the Fearless and of Philip The Good. The historiographical work describes the civil war between Armagnac and Burgundians from 1408 until 1435, besides some original relations concerning the campaign of Azincourt of 1415 or the wedding of Philippe de Bourgogne and Isabelle of Portugal in Bruges, in January 1430. Jean Lefèvre developed his work as "Toison d'or" King of Arms (Golden Fleece chilvaric order's herald), taking his documentation from the copy of several narrative books, the most important of which are the one of Enguerrand of Monstrelet, but also from its eye testimony, from its inquiries with the Burgundians aristocracy or exchanges with the various contemporary historians evolving within the ducal courtyard. The Burgundian court influenced very widely this author, this one fascinating as type of writing that of the Reports consisted by various laymen of its circle of acquaintances. The objective of its historic papers, handling in a clearly partial way the warlike or worldly events, it situated in the encomiastic tradition towards the power to whom he owes his missions. We find a similarity with the other heralds authors of historic works of the end of the Middle Ages there, among which the protection of the fama of the Prince, which stays the main cause of writing.