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Despite increasing philosophical knowledge of disaster planning and preparedness, disasters still remain a challenge in many communities. As a result, communities, environment and economies remain considerably vulnerable and at the risk of disaster destruction hence, sustainable development is undermined. The purpose of this study is to review and assess the state of community readiness in order to prevent and mitigate common hazards in the City of Johannesburg, especially in previously disadvantaged communities such as Protea-South. A survey and interviews was conducted with the local community members. Results show that, this community like many others, is at high risk, due to their living circumstances. e.g. the presence of densely built shacks on a flood plain; poor hygiene and sanitation, pollution, poverty etc. There is therefore a need for a paradigm shift by institutions from emergency response and the provision of hard infrastructure to disaster prevention, preparedness and soft infrastructure provision by means of an approach encompassing collaborative planning.

Growing development pressure in Ontario’s Far North has prompted northern First Nation communities, who have recognized these potential outcomes, to initiate community-based land-use planning. In 2009 the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) announced Bill 191, An Act with Respect to Land-Use Planning and Protection in the Far North, to guide the planning process and promote a balance between conservation and development. The way the legislation develops and advances will be a determining factor in the degree of benefit to local communities. This manuscript thesis explores the issues related to land-use planning in Ontario’s Far North, specifically the James Bay lowland region, through two articles. Information collected through participant observation, an extensive multi-disciplinary literature review, interviews with key policy actors and review of transcripts from Standing Committee hearings was combined to inform the development of both articles. The first article explores the landscape to highlight the abiotic, biotic and cultural features of the region. This article provides a scoping exercise to begin to describe features that should contribute to the creation of the community-based land-use plans. The second article critically examines the development of Bill 191 to guide land-use planning through policy, organizational and operational institutional levels from a First Nations perspective. Themes of power, social justice and participation in the planning process are central to the consideration of the emerging planning process. This review reveals a process that, instead of initiating a new relationship between the government of Ontario and First Nations, has contributed to increasingly acrimonious relations between the two. / Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2010-10-25 12:37:47.676

Watershed planning and management relies on a diverse range of stakeholders. Collabora-tive planning can provide an opportunity for those stakeholders to equitably share their knowledge and learn from other participants, but such an outcome cannot be assumed. This re-search explores the potential for improved knowledge integration in watershed planning through research of a community-based watershed planning initiative in rural Saskatchewan, Canada. Us-ing semi-structured interviews and document review, this research identifies different knowledge types involved in watershed planning, explains how that knowledge is integrated through the planning process, and derives lessons for future watershed planning initiatives. Four general knowledge types identified in the analysis—bureaucratic, administrative, local, and scientific—were also evident in the literature. Specifically, this research affirms local knowledge characteris-tics—that it is spatially constrained, heterogeneous, generated through a relationship with place, and accrued over time—described in the literature. Results also reinforce claims that clearly de-fining boundaries between knowledge types is difficult and even undesirable. Differing from the descriptions in the literature of bureaucratic knowledge as including aspects of administrative knowledge, this research proposes that a greater delineation between the two is advantageous to ensure adequate knowledge is present to support the planning process. Two broad themes of how different types of knowledge influenced the planning initiative are presented: cooperation for long-term planning—highly influenced by administrative and bureaucratic knowledge; and set-ting and achieving goals—dominated by scientific knowledge as an ecological narrative through-out the process. These themes echo the collaborative planning literature on the importance of in-cluding as many knowledge types as possible throughout the process, while also revealing the necessity of ensuring that all participants are engaged in deliberations in order to contribute their knowledge. To meet this need, context-appropriate planning activities must be selected to sup-port collaborative planning; amendments to the planning process used in the community-based planning initiative are proposed to meet these needs.

Dancewalks är ett platsspecifikt danskonstverk skapat och uppfört i olika semioffentliga rum. Den här kvalitativa studien undersöker resultatet och effekterna av en Dancewalks i Malmö där 30 arkitekter och stadsplanerare deltog. Dancewalks är i sig själv ett performance vilket påverkar studien och därför också undersökningsprocessen. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från Non representative theory och teorier om hur människor interagerar i rum. Tillvägagångssättet för studien är en triangulering av observation, fokusgrupp och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att Dancewalks påverkar; hur deltagarna interagerar med platsen, hur deltagarna upplever platsen, deltagarnas uppfattning om hur platsen påverkar dem och deras medvetenhet om rörelsemönster. Studien kommer även fram till att Dancewalks kan användas som en metod för samhällsplanering såsom samverkansprojekt, intern och extern kommunikation och som ett verktyg att bättre förstå stadsrummet. / Dancewalks is a site-specific contemporary dance performance created and performed in urban spaces. This qualitative case study investigates the outcome of one Dancewalks performed in Malmö in which 30 architects and urban planners participated. The theoretical framework is within Non Representative theory and theories about human interaction in space. The method used in this study is a triangulation of observation, focus groups and non structured interviews. Dancewalks is in itself a performance, which has an impact on the study and therefore the research process. The study concludes that Dancewalks has an influence on; the way the participants interact with space, the participants’ perception of space, their perception of spaces’ impact on them and their awareness of movement patterns. The study also concludes that Dancewalks could be used as a method for urban planning such as collaborative planning, internal and external communication and as a tool to better understand urban spaces.

[pt] Este trabalho acadêmico tem como objetivo oferecer um guia de planejamento de demanda para uma indústria de médio porte por meio de colaboração de várias áreas dos processos decisórios, tais como departamentos chave da empresa, fornecedores e clientes. Propor metodologia formal para ajudar no balanceamento da oferta e demanda, promover a troca de informações dentro e fora da organização, otimizar o uso de recursos materiais e financeiros, e consequentemente, melhorar o resultado do retorno sobre o investimento. Observa-se no mercado que as pesquisas e práticas de planejamento colaborativo de demanda são direcionadas apenas para as grandes organizações, deixando assim as demais empresas sem referência. Logo, este trabalho tem a pretensão de contribuir com as empresas de médio porte, oferecendo soluções adaptadas para tratamento das causas das dificuldades e falhas de planejamento da demanda. A dissertação baseou-se em estudo de caso, dados de fontes primárias extraídos de sistemas de informação da empresa em estudo, entrevistas com funcionários envolvidos neste processo, visitas in loco para observação direta, e pesquisas bibliográficas que proporcionaram fundamento teórico. O foco da proposta de melhoria fundamenta-se nos conceitos e práticas de Sales and Operations Planning (SeOP) ou Planejamento de Vendas e Operações, como planejamento colaborativo interno para melhoria da conexão das áreas funcionais da empresa. O planejamento colaborativo externo para aperfeiçoamento da interface da empresa com fornecedores e clientes completa a proposta por meio dos conceitos e práticas adaptadas do Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) ou Planejamento Colaborativo, Previsão e Reabastecimento. / [en] This academic work is intended to provide a guide for planning demand for a medium size industry through collaboration in various areas of decision making, such as key company departments, suppliers and customers. This Masters thesis proposes a formal methodology to assist in balancing supply and demand, promotes the exchange of information within and outside the organization, optimizes the use of material and financial resources and consequently improves the return on investments. It is observed in market research and planning practices thats collaborative demand is directed only to large organizations, thus leaving other companies without reference. Therefore, this work intends to contribute with midsize companies, offering solutions tailored to treat the causes of the difficulties and failures of demand planning. The dissertation was based on a case study data from primary sources drawn from the information systems of the company under study, interviews with officials involved in this process, site visits for direct observation, and literature searches that provided theoretical foundation. The focus of the proposed improvement is based on the concepts and practices of Sales and Operations Planning (SandOP), and collaborative planning to improve the internal connection of the functional areas of business. Collaborative planning for improving the external interface with the companys suppliers and customers complete the proposal through the concepts and practices adapted from the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR).

This study explored the “sustainable city” by focusing on pro-cycling policies as a way to adapt theprinciple of sustainability to urban reality, as impacting the shape of the urban context and the lives of itsinhabitants. The case of the City of Seoul provided the opportunity to discuss potential and pitfallcharacterizing the implementation of pro-cycling policies, in light of the broader international contextoffering cases and examples that are here used as background for the analysis and interpretation of the case ofSeoul. This paper has two main parts. The first questions the key determinants of pro-cycling policies oftenproclaimed as “best-practices” in the field of cycling policies. It suggests that the overall level of cycling ismore related to government policies rather than history, culture, topography and climate. The identifiedgovernment policies have something in common. Firstly, cycling policies have evolved into an essential partof urban planning (cycling-inclusive urban planning). Secondly, they are created through the partnershipbetween the state, the private sector and civil society organizations based on the collaborative planninggovernance. Thirdly, policy components of hard and soft measures tend to be designed based on the needs ofthe great majority of citizens, particularly users. The second part explores the main causes of theshortcomings charactering pro-cycling policies in the case of Seoul. It argues that the main causes aredifficulties of achieving cooperation among different levels of government, the lack of opportunities forcitizen’s participation, the problems of hard components (cycling infrastructure) which is not based onpeople’s needs, unbalanced policy mixture of hard and soft components (non-infrastructural measures).Pro-cycling policies can play a significant role in achieving the sustainable city. To implement cyclingpolicies as a way of achieving the sustainable city, cultural and social shifts should be entailed. Theimplementation of pro-cycling can contribute to this cultural shift which is fundamental to the sustainable city.This is a cycle that has to be turned into a virtuous cycle leading to the city and urban community towardssustainability. However, if the created cycling policies are not based on the partnership and collaboration withvarious stakeholders, they are not likely to get society-wide support, meet the needs of users, and thus reachthe targeted goals. This is also true of Seoul. Even though the City of Seoul set up ambitious goals andinvested a lot of city budget, it could not achieve the desired aims. As a novice in pro-cycling policies, it isinevitable for the city experience trial and error. To reduce trial and error and develop more suitable policies,the city needs to explore best practices of cycling policies around world and adapt them to the local context.

Governing agencies increasingly employ collaborative forms of decision-making in fisheries management to improve decision quality and legitimacy. However, crafting fair and effective collaborative processes which will achieve these benefits is often difficult. In an effort to identify keys and obstacles to success, this research evaluated the Commercial Groundfish Initiative, a collaborative planning process tasked with reforming the management of Canada's Pacific groundfish fisheries. Using semi-structured interviews, I gathered the perspectives of participants from the two committees within the process: a consensus-based committee of commercial representatives and a committee broadly representative of other interest groups for which consensus was encouraged but not mandated. Control over the design of a proposal for management reform was asymmetrically divided between the two committees, giving the commercial committee the primary role. Participants from the commercial committee expressed high levels of support for their consensus process. Keys to this committee’s success in reaching a high quality agreement were (i) a strong incentive to cooperate, (ii) consensus decision-making, and (iii) independent process facilitation. The latter two functioned as security measures against the potential for process manipulation by participants or governing agencies. Results from an examination of the broader committee indicate non-commercial respondents were largely accepting of an “oversight” role provided that the scope for their input remained sufficient, which it did not. Early involvement in tasks such as designing the process and defining objectives were particularly critical to non-commercial respondents’ perceptions of procedural fairness and their ability to participate effectively. Several participants also raised concerns that the process was not appropriately representative of groups with an interest in groundfish management. The poor performance of the process in these respects overshadowed positive aspects of broadening participation beyond commercial users. Consensus approaches have gained currency among commercial participants as a result of their positive experience and made some of them more willing to consider meaningful collaboration with a broader range of interest groups. The ineffectiveness of the broader committee suggests there is still work to do in designing processes that will actually achieve this meaningful, broad collaboration.

This research explored the role of science and civil society environmental organizations in conservation planning, using a case study of Ontario’s Long Point region. Science is a dynamic field that is constantly adapting and evolving and is increasingly relied on as a basis for decision-making in conservation planning, policy and management. The role of civil society in conservation planning has also grown and organizations that operate outside of government now play an important role in acquiring land, conducting monitoring activities, and promoting local stewardship. Considering the activities of these organizations, and the underlying science that informs them, is essential given the increasing prevalence of this type of work and the increasing ability of civil society organizations to affect conservation planning outcomes. Through a literature review, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews, this research considered how characterizations of science, applications of science, and recent trends in science have influenced conservation plans, policies, and actions in the Long Point region. The results illustrate how different forms of information were considered and applied when prioritizing, justifying, and implementing conservation projects and provide a location-specific example of how the modern features of conservation planning and management are influencing environmental outcomes. Specifically, the results suggest how place-based knowledge can potentially be disseminated through policy and planning initiatives and also suggest how different forms of information may interact to influence overall project credibility. These findings have implications for both planning theory and practice by contributing to our understanding of the role of science in shaping conservation practices, the role of civil society in driving conservation innovation, and the importance of local knowledge in supporting effective conservation actions. / Thesis (Master, Urban & Regional Planning) -- Queen's University, 2010-07-05 20:55:39.924

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