Previous research has found that programmers spend a significant fraction of their time navigating between different source code locations and that much of that time is spent returning to previously viewed code. Other work has identified the ability to juxtapose arbitrary pieces of code as cognitively important. However, modern IDEs have inherited a user interface design in which, usually, only one source file is displayed at a time, with the result that users must switch back and forth from one file to another. Taking advantage of the increasing availability of large displays, we propose a new interaction paradigm in which an IDE presents parts of multiple source files side by side, using the Mylyn degree-of-interest function to dynamically allocate screen space to them on the basis of degree-of-interest to the current development task. We demonstrate the feasibility of this paradigm with a prototype implementation built on the Eclipse IDE and note that it was used by the author over a period of months in the development of the prototype itself. Additionally, we present two case studies which quantify the potential reduction in navigation and demonstrate the simplicity of the approach and its ability to capture complete concerns on screen. These case studies suggest that the approach has the potential to reduce the time that programmers spend navigating by as much as 50%. / Science, Faculty of / Computer Science, Department of / Graduate

Numerous models of IS success and technology acceptance their extensions have been proposed and applied in empirical. This study continues this tradition and extends the body of knowledge on the topic of IS success by developing a more comprehensive model for measuring IS success and technology acceptance within a government organization. The proposed model builds upon three established IS success and technology acceptance frameworks namely the DeLone and McLean (2003), Venkatesh et al.'s (2003) unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and Wixom and Todd (2005). The findings from this study provide not only a comprehensive IS success assessment model but also insights into whether and how IS success models are influenced by application variables as applied within a government organization. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for instrument refinement and validity test of the existing and proposed models. Using data from employees of a local government municipal, the comprehensive model explained 32 percent variance. Four of the hypothesis were fully supported five were not supported, and four were partially supported. In addition, the results suggest that behavioral intention may not be the best predictor of technology acceptance in a mandatory environment.

abstract: De facto potable reuse (DFR) occurs when surface water sources at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) contain treated effluents from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) originate from treated effluents (e.g., unregulated disinfection by-products, pathogenic microorganisms as Cryptosporidium oocyst, Giardia cyst, and Norovirus) can be present in surface water and pose human health risks linked to CECs. Previously developed De facto Reuse Incidence in our Nations Consumable Supply (DRINCS) model predicted DFR for the national largest DWTPs that serve >10,000 people (N = 2,056 SW intakes at 1,210 DWTPs). The dissertation aims to quantify DFR at all surface water intakes for smaller DWTPs serving ≤10,000 people across the United States and develop a programmed ArcGIS tool for proximity analysis between upstream WWTPs and DWTPs. The tested hypothesis is whether DWTPs serving ≤10,000 people are more likely to be impacted by DFR than larger systems serving > 10,000 people.The original DRINCS model was expanded to include all smaller DWTPs (N = 6,045 SW intakes at 3,984 DWTPs) in the U.S. First, results for Texas predicted that two-thirds of all SW intakes were impacted by at least one WWTP upstream. The level of DFR at SW intakes in Texas ranged between 1% to 20% under average flow and exceeded 90% during mild droughts. Smaller DWTPs in Texas had a higher frequency of DFR than larger systems while < 10% of these DWTPs employed advanced technology (AT) capable of removing CECs. Second, nationally over 40% of surface water intakes at all DWTPs were impacted by DFR under average flow (2,917 of 6,826). Smaller DWTPs had a higher frequency (1,504 and 1,413, respectively) of being impacted by upstream WWTP discharges than larger DWTPs. Third, the difference in DFR levels at smaller versus larger DWTPs was statistically unclear (t-test, p = 0.274). Smaller communities could have high risks to CECs as they rely on surface water from lower-order streams impacted by DFR. Furthermore, smaller DWTPs lack more than twice as advanced unit processes as larger DWTPs with 52.1% and 23%, respectively. DFR levels for DWTPs serving > 10,000 people were statistically higher on mid-size order streams (3, 5, and 8) than those for smaller DWTPs. Finally, DWTPs serving > 10,000 people could pose risks to a population impacted by DFR > 1% as 40 times as those served by smaller DWTPs with 71 million and 1.7 million people, respectively. The total exposed population to risks of CECs served by DWTPs impacted by upstream WWTP discharges (DFR >10%) was estimated at 12.3 million people in the United States. Future studies can use DRINCS results to conduct an epidemiological risk assessment for impacted communities and identify communities that would benefit from advanced technology to remove CECs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

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This paper analyses the innovative digital money CBDC and its potential influence in Sweden and China with Privacy Calculus Model. The research aims to understand how e-krona and e-CNY will influence individual privacy in Sweden and China, and what the similarities and differences are. The e-krona and e-CNY will further reduce the usage of cash, which is the full-anonymous money. E-krona may not be full-anonymous, when it replaces some cash, the payment privacy also gets reduced. E-krona and e-CNY will both allow their central banks to have more control of transaction data. Compared to cash, privacy is reduced. Compared to other e-payments such as bank cards, individual privacy is more protected. The commercial organizations may have less access to transaction data with e-krona and e-CNY, there will be less targeted advertising, individuals will have more privacy. Swedish interviewees also trust the current payment tools. But they think e-krona could further improve the payment system. Chinese interviewees complain a lot about private payment companies, they think the change by e-CNY will be great. For personal interest, both sides have interests in e-krona/e-CNY. But Swedish interviewees are interested in e-krona due to the willingness to try new things. Chinese interviewees also mention that they are attracted by its free transaction fees, linking the isolated payment platforms.

Die körperdysmorphe Störung ist eine chronische psychische Störung, bei welcher die Patientin eingebildete oder minimale Schönheitsmakel oder Asymmetrien überbewerten. Die führt dazu, dass sie ständig über die vermeintliche Mitgestaltung von Teilen ihres Körpers nachdenken müssen. Dies nimmt häufig mehrere Stunden des Tages in Anspruch und kann im Extremfall dazu führen, dass Betroffene nicht mehr arbeitsfähig sind. Bei milderen Verlaufsformen, müssen sich Patienten häufig die Rückversicherung von Bekannten oder Familienmitgliedern holen, um sich zu beruhigen. Sozialer Rückzug aus Scham kommt häufig vor und kann sich bis zu einer sozialen Phobie entwickeln. Nicht selten kann sich diese Symptomatik derart ausweiten, dass die Betroffenen suizidal werden. Häufige Komorbiditäten sind Essstörungen, Angst- und affektive Störungen. Falls diese Menschen das Haus verlassen und sich auf einen gesellschaftlichen Rahmen einlassen, verwenden sie häufig kosmetische Produkte, um die vermeintlichen Makel zu verstecken. Bei der Körperdysmorphen Störung können nahezu alle Körperteile Objekt der Entstellungswahrnehmung werden. Häufig betroffen sind: Haut, Haare, Zähne, Nase, Ohren und sekundäre Geschlechtsmerkmale. Dabei ist zu betonen, dass objektiven Betrachtern der vermeintliche Makel meist nicht oder kaum auffällt. Die Patienten gehen in ihrer Verzweiflung bis zum Äußersten und greifen dabei auch auf Schönheitsoperationen zurück, welche sich bis zur Operationssucht steigern kann. In mehreren Studien weltweit wurden Untersuchungen bzgl. der Punktprävalenz der Körperdysmorphen Störung (KDS) gemacht. Es existieren ebenfalls Untersuchungen über die spezifischen Settings in welchen die KDS gehäuft vorkommt. In Studien wurde bisher noch nicht die Frage geklärt, ob oder in welchem Ausmaß die Krankheit in den letzten Jahren zugenommen hat. In dieser Arbeit soll daher überprüft werden, ob die Entstellungswahrnehmungen und die Tendenz zu einer KDS in Deutschland zugenommen hat. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist: Die Analyse der Prävalenzentwicklung der Körperdysmorphen Störung in Deutschland, anhand eines spezifischen Fragebogens, in ihrer subklinischen und klinischen Form, in den Jahren 2002-2013. Im Rahmen einer Umfrage durch ein professionelles Institut (USUMA GmbH Berlin) wurden Personen in allen Teilen Deutschlands befragt. Im Jahre 2002 waren es n=2066 und im Jahre 2013 n=2508 befragte Personen (verwertbare Daten). In dieser Erhebung wurde zum Screening der Körperdysmorphen Störung, der sogenannte DCQ angewandt. Dieser Dysmorphic condern Questionnaire stammt in der deutschen Validierung von Stangier et al (2003) und wurde aus dem General Health Questionnaire nach Goldberg (1972) von Oosthuizen et al (1998) entwickelt. Der Fragebogen besteht aus 7 Items, welche durch eine 4 Punkte- Skala von 0-3 zu bewerten ist. Als Beispiel sei hier ein Frage erwähnt: „Wurde Ihnen schon von Ärzten oder anderen gesagt, dass Sie normal seien, obwohl Sie der Überzeugung sind, dass etwas mit Ihrem Aussehen oder Ihren Körperfunktionen nicht stimmt.“ Für die statistische Datenanalyse wurde IBM SPSS Version 22 Windows 2013 verwandt. Zum Vergleich der Häufigkeitsverteilungen wurden Chi2-Tests bestimmt. Die Veränderungen der Prävalenzen von 2002 bis 2013 wurden mittels ODDs-Ratios, mit einem Konfidenzintervall von 95% dargestellt. Zusätzlich wurden ODDs-Ratios für den Vergleich der Abstufungen der Variablen: -Männer/Frauen -mit und ohne Abitur -mit und ohne Partner analysiert. In einer zuerst erfolgten deskriptiven Statistik wurde die Punktprävalenz der KDS in beiden Stichproben ausgewertet. Für die subklinische Form der KDS wurde ein Cut-Off Wert von >_ 11-<14 und für die klinische Form ein Wert von >_ 14 verwandt. Es zeigte sich eine Zunahme in Wahrnehmung von Entstellungen in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Im Jahre 2002 gaben 0,5% der Befragten subklinische Symptome an, im Jahre 2013 2,6% (OR=5.16; CI95% =(2.64; 10.06). Die klinisch relevanten Symptome stiegen von 0,5% auf 1% (OR=2.20; CI95%=( 1.03; 4.73). Die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Befragten bzgl. Entstellungswahrnehmungen mit einem Wert <11, d.h. es liegt weder ein subklinische noch eine klinische Form der KDS vor, unterscheidet sich signifikant zwischen den Jahren 2002 bis 2013 (Chi2(2) = 32.71; p<.001). Bei den genannten Untergruppen zeigt sich ein Anstieg allerdings nur in der subklinischen Form. Im Vergleich der Frauen und Männer zeigt sich, dass sich in der Gruppe der Frauen häufiger die subklinische Form zeigt (Frauen:OR = 4.21; CI 95% = (1.87; 9.47); Männer: OR = 7.38; CI95% = (2.24; 24.35)). Die Untergruppe ohne Abitur (OR = 9.49; CI95% = 3.79; 23.76), sowie die Untergruppe mit/ohne Partner zeigen höhere Prävalenzen im Jahre 2013 (OR = 5.38; CI95% = (2.09; 13.86)/ (OR = 4.89; CI95% = 1.90; 12.57). Mit dieser Fragebogenstudie konnte die Annahme, dass sich die Entstellungsbefürchtungen in den Jahren 2002-2013 erhöht haben, nachgewiesen werden. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt offenbar, einen Trend in der Entwicklung der Häufigkeit der Körperdysmorphen Störung in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Diesem Krankheitsbild sollte daher mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden und häufiger in differentialdiagnostische Überlegungen miteinbezogen werden. Da sich der DCQ (Dysmorphic concern Questionnaire) in dieser Studie bewährt hat, erscheint ein klinischer Einsatz sinnvoll. Durch dieses Screening-Instrument ist eine klinische gestellte Diagnose schnell zu überprüfen, so dass eine schnelle Diagnostik und Einleitung von Psychotherapie möglich ist. Dies kann zur schnellen Minderung von Beschwerden führen und eine unnötige Belastung durch z.B. häufige Operationen reduzieren.:1. Bibliographische Beschreibung 4 2. Einführung 5 2.1. Einleitung 5 2.2. Epidemiologie der Körperdysmorphen Störung 6 2.3. Genese der Körperdysmorphen Störung 7 2.4. Klinik der Körperdysmorphen Störung 7 3. Publikationen 11 4. Zusammenfassung 13 5. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 17 6. Danksagung 18 7. Lebenslauf 19

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Definition of privacy has changed by the changes and improvements in information and surveillance technologies. These changes and improvement need new legal decisions for new kinds of privacy invasions. This study explores the scope of privacy right, particularly when a technological surveillance has occurred by law enforcement agencies. It focuses in particular on increasing law enforcements' surveillance technologies and devices that have the potential to impact citizens' information privacy. These increasing changes in surveillance technologies have important implications both for law enforcements and citizens. This study also discusses increasing law enforcement surveillance for the public's security, changes of the laws that allow law enforcements to use new surveillance powers as a war on terrorism, and the citizens concerns of information privacy. A particular attention is given to the recent public opinion surveys which show citizens' increasing privacy concerns. Finally, a set of recommendations to figure out security-privacy debate and reduce the privacy concerns of the citizens is offered.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to conduct a systematic literature review in the domain of permission marketing to provide a comprehensive future research agenda and policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach: This research paper worked with a systematic literature review as a method, where articles will be selected, screened, reviewed, and synthesized. In total, the review included 61 studies. This study developed a detailed future research agenda in the form of the TCCM framework that can be followed to further explore the domain. Findings: Consistent throughout the literature has been that certain underlying factors have a crucial influence on the domain of permission marketing. Those factors include trust, transparency, control, and privacy concerns affecting the consent giving which then affects the permission marketing. Ultimately, these aspects led to considering the field from an ethical perspective and thus, guided the development of policy recommendations including ethical considerations where the perspectives of consumers and company were highlighted. Research limitations/implications: The conceptual model developed within this research paper was solely developed based on the gathered synthesized literature due to the time frame limitations. Future researchers are encouraged to validate the findings empirically. Furthermore, the researchers have developed a detailed future research agenda in the form of the TCCM framework that can be followed to further explore the domain. Practical implications: Reviewing the literature has led to the conclusion that policymaking is in need of some additions and improvements. Thus, the paper provides policy-making implications for practitioners from both an organizational standpoint, as well as a governmental one. Originality: The originality of this thesis is that it conducts a systematic summary and analysis of accessible field knowledge in order to provide a comprehensive overview of permission marketing antecedents, which was priorly lacking in the domain. Through the lenses of a systematic literature review, the outcomes of the thesis provide guidance as to the unique value proposition. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, this research is the only one that incorporates the method of systematic literature review within the domain and time frame of 15-01-2022 to 15-04-2022. Keywords: Permission Marketing, Privacy Concerns, Ethical Marketing, Trust, Transparency, Control, Consent, Personal Data Paper type: Systematic Literature review (SLR)

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