Rolls-Royce AB in Kristinehamn, Sweden, part of Rolls-Royce Marine, is a leading developer and supplier of water jet and propeller based propulsion equipment. Its low volume production series and wide product variety offered to its customers along with an increasingly competitive market has entailed an increased demand on both delivery time and cost reductions. The on-site manufacturing engineering department is responsible for developing all tools and fixtures, and programming required to maintain the on-site production, assembling and quality testing. As part of the departments streamlining efforts this study aimed on evaluating streamlining possibilities related to the existing tool design used for static balancing and function testing controllable pitch propeller assemblies before packaging and shipping, along with the related tool development and manufacturing processes has been conducted.The process evaluation started from the point when a hub assembly design was finalized until when a manufactured tool was delivered for use in production. Work focused on locating inefficient activities and product properties, with respect to tool cost and lead time, followed by setting up an amendment proposal, implementing it and producing an alternate tool design of which the effects on tool cost and manufacturing lead time would be evaluated. Post evaluating the current state of the process and product a set based front loaded product development methodology known as Modular Function Deployment was chosen to be the applied method. This application resulted in a modular tool design that avoided the determined most inefficient manufacturing operation combination of welding and annealing. Modularity increased manufacturing flexibility, enabling more concurrent manufacturing, to reduce the lead time. The tool design also applied integral properties by identifying the common components and features between tool sizes. This led to reducing manufacturing and material costs. Possible lead time reduction for manufacturing was determined to be 35-45%, 3-4weeks, in comparison with the original tool design due to increased parallel manufacturing and avoiding inefficient manufacturing methods. The estimated cost reduction for combined development and manufacturing was determined to be 105K SEK the initial year followed by 175K SEK the second year assuming the current tool manufacturing rate. The combined effects of reduced cost and lead time would be beneficial to Rolls-Royce AB by contributing to an increase in delivery reliability and competitive prices on the market

Developing process plans and part programs rapidly and correctly for CNC machine tools plays a vital role in manufacturing. This study is concerned with the development of a web-enabled virtual design and manufacturing application system for rotational parts. The object oriented methodology is used in the application development. Windows Distributed interNet Application (DNA) architecture which describes a framework of building software technologies in an integrated web and client-server model of computing, is employed in the system. The entire system was modeled with Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is an industry-standard visual modeling notation to express software development architectures. Feature-based design approach, being a practical way of linking the design with manufacturing, is implemented in the rotational part design. Users have to be registered in order to use the system. With the supplied web site, users can easily register to system. After registration, the user obtains a password and a unique username. Upon the user authentication, the user session starts. A typical user session involves new or past project selection, material selection, part sketching, blank size definition and cutting parameters determination. After all the steps are completed, process plan and part-program, which are required to manufacture the part on Denford Mirac CNC Turning Machine are generated and displayed on the web site and then saved to the database. The application enables the users to see past projects and to generate new process plan and part programs for different cutting parameters. The process plan, part program and the 2D wire frame drawing of the corresponding part are demonstrated on the web site for the chosen projects.

Manufacturing companies are continuously faced with requirements regarding technology novelty, shorter time to market, a higher level of functionality, and lower prices for their products. This is especially true of suppliers that develop and manufacture highly customized products within the automotive industry. It is not uncommon that a request for a new product or subsystem goes out to several suppliers and that the one that can deliver the product most quickly and at the lowest price receives the contract. It is therefore vital for any supplier to answer to quotation requests rapidly and with a high level of precision while also ensuring that company assets are used efficiently. Other issues that apply to suppliers in the automotive industry are heavily fluctuating requirements during development projects, each customer’s individual preferences, and the ever changing interfaces with the OEM product with which the supplier’s product is to be integrated. Platform strategies have been widely accepted in industry to serve a wide product variety while maintaining business efficiency. However, the challenge of applying a platform strategy at the supplier level in the face of the reality described above has not been fully investigated. Platform approaches tend to require a focused development of the platform, which in turn requires some knowledge about which future variants are to be derived from the platform. The research presented in this thesis investigates the state of practice in industry regarding the challenges, needs, and current use of platforms. To respond to the identified need, a platform approach is proposed that expands the scope of what a product platform has traditionally contained. This is undertaken to aid in the development of highly customized products when physical modules or component scalability does not suffice. The platform approach provides a coherent environment for heterogeneous design assets to be used in product development, supporting both the activity of designing and off-the-shelf solutions. The approach is based on identifying and modelling generic product items that are associated with descriptions governing their design. By describing the outcome of technology and product development like finished designs, design guidelines, constraints, etc., in a standardized format, the platform continues to evolve. To aid in using the platform approach, a support system called Design Platform Manager is introduced at a company active as a secondtier supplier in the automotive industry. The system enables the creation of generic product items that can be structured, instantiated, and associated with descriptions, which aids in realizing product variants. The aim of the platform approach and tool is to support the quotation and continued design processes by identifying valid knowledge to use as circumstances, such as requirement changes or new design iterations, warrant. The support tool and overarching model have been evaluated by company representatives, who reported good results.

CAPES / Com a evolução do setor da Construção Civil no Brasil, surge a necessidade da promoção de seu aperfeiçoamento e renovação. Em sua estruturação atual, o setor atua com uma segmentação entre as fases projetual e de execução, cuja conformação cria uma barreira entre fases obrigatoriamente interdependentes. Esta descontinuidade, acrescida às falhas na organização das informações, dificulta a recuperação de dados, induzindo a que profissionais de projeto, gestão e execução tomem decisões baseadas em sua intuição e experiência. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo, avaliar o processo de troca de informações e colaboração entre profissionais dentro do Ciclo Produtivo na Construção Civil, apropriando-se dos fundamentos e conceitos propostos pela Engenharia Simultânea e pela Ontologia. Estes conceitos têm por princípio promover a evolução em paralelo das atividades dentro do desenvolvimento de produto, bem como a retroalimentação das informações e dados gerados durante seu curso. Por este motivo serviu como hipótese para unificar projeto e execução, pois visa garantir que decisões sejam validadas por diferentes profissionais e etapas antes de sua efetiva aplicação. Como metodologia, foram utilizadas ferramentas de pesquisa como: revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e a aplicação de questionário direcionado aos profissionais atuantes em obras de Construção Civil. Esta estratégia de pesquisa proporcionou a identificação de pontos falhos no processo, o levantamento de aspectos a serem incorporados ao consciente coletivo do processo, por meio de uma abordagem sistêmica das atividades, e a posterior proposição de critérios de melhoria para suas ações. Como resultados, foram propostas ações de melhoria, e, também, o aperfeiçoamento das atividades que já se apresentam embasadas nos critérios da Engenharia Simultânea, porém, pouco desenvolvidas. Estas proposições discutem o processo de produção de obras de Construção Civil em sua totalidade, por meio da eficiente comunicação entre profissionais, colaboração entre funções e, principalmente, a simultaneidade das ações. / With the revolution of the construction industry in Brazil, it becomes necessary to promote its improvement and renovation. This sector in its current state has a segmentation between the stages of a project and its execution, whose conformation creats a barrier between phases that are necessarily independent. This discontinuity, added to failure in organization of informations, hampers the data recovery, and makes management, designers and project professionals to take decisions based on their intuition and experience. This thesis aims to evaluate the process of the exchange of information and collaboration among professionals in the production cycle in building construction, apropriating the grounds and criteria proposed by Concurrent Engineering. This concept has as its principle to promote the development of parallelization of activities in the product development, as well as the feedback of information and data genereted during its course. For this reason it has served as hypothesis to unify the project and its execution, it aims to ensure that decisions are validated by diferent profissionals and stages before its efective implementation. It was used as methodology the following research tools: literature review, field research and a questionary, focused to professionals in construction industry. This strategy of research has provided the identification of weak points in the process (in desagreement with the principles of Concurrent Engineering), rasing of issues to be incorporated into the collective conscious of the process through a systemic approach of activities, and the subsequent proposal of improvement criterion for their actions. As a result of this research, it was proposed improvement actions and also the improvement of activities that has already presented ambased on Concurrent Engineering criterion, underdeveloped, however. These propositions discuss the process of production in construction industry in its totality, through efective communication among professionals, sequence of activities, collaboration between functions and mainly the simultaneity of actions.

Um sistema composto por orientações de projeto e de processo, por um software CAD, mais especificamente, pelo PRO-ENGINEER (PRO-E) e um sistema de auxílio voltado para a manufatura (SEMF) foi desenvolvido como forma de auxílio ao engenheiro projetista no desenvolvimento do projeto de peças fundidas em areia. Este sistema integrado é capaz de analisar um desenho feito em sistema CAD (PRO-E), de um modelo de uma peça a ser fundida e fornecer um diagnóstico sobre possíveis violações quanto à sua manufatura. Isto é feito através de uma base de conhecimento que reúne informações de como minimizar possíveis defeitos com relação à geometria da peça a o processo de fundição. O desenho deve seguir um procedimento adequado para que as features criadas no PRO-E possam ser reconhecidas pelo sistema, para um possível diagnóstico de problemas existentes na geometria da peça e/ou no processo de fundição. / A computer system based on design and process guidelines and a CAD system has been developed in order to aid an engineer designer to develop cast parts free from defects. The proposed system can analyze and detect, automatically, problems that may happen during the casting process of a part. This is done through a built-in Knowledge Base that gather information on how to avoid defects related to part geometry and casting process. The parts must be designed using the CAD system, PRO-E, and the drawing of the part, must be done following a certain procedure, otherwise the system will not be able to check the part.

Le présent travail a pour but de contribuer à la prise en considération des aspects environnementaux dans le processus de conception de produits par l’étude des échanges d’informations en conception. Plus précisément, la question de recherche abordée est : Quelles sont les conséquences sur le produit lorsque différentes informations du processus de conception sont données à l'expert environnement ?Le développement de ce manuscrit porte, en premier lieu, sur la représentation des informations du produit nécessaires à l'expert environnement. Ensuite, en tenant compte de ces informations de base, un rôle d’expert environnement est créé dans le contexte d’une simulation de conception. Ici, trois niveaux d'information sont définis : le cahier des charges produit, le cahier des charges plus les règles métier et « tous les échanges » (i.e. l’intégration de l’expert dans l’équipe de conception). La comparaison des trois niveaux d’information nous amène, entre autres, à la conclusion suivante : dans un contexte où l’expert est déconnecté de l’équipe de conception, le fait, pour lui, de connaitre les règles métier des autres le rend moins efficace sur la réduction de l'impact environnemental. En fait, il est plus concerné par la faisabilité globale du produit. Cela n’est pas le cas dans un contexte intégré qui mène au meilleur compromis entre faisabilité et performance environnementale du produit / To increase integration of environmental expertise in design process, the present work aims to explore the information exchange matter. More precisely, the research question addressed is: what is the product outcome when different sets of information from the design process are given to the environmental expert?The development of this dissertation covers, first, the representation of product development information from the point of view of the environmental expert. Second, this baseline information is used to create an environmental expert role in the context of a design simulation. Based on this simulation, three sets of information are tested: specifications; specifications plus rules of thumb; and “all design exchanges” (i.e. the expert joins the design team). The comparison of the 3 levels of information reveals, among other results, that: in a context where the environmental expert is disconnected form the design team, and, in which rules of thumb are presented, the expert is less focused on reducing the environmental impact. Nevertheless, he is more concerned with the overall feasibility of the house. This is not the case of an integrated context, which results in the best compromise between feasibility and environmental performance

The construction sector has been struggling with low productivity issues during the last decades, mainly due to relatively low Research & Development investments compared to other industries, old-fashioned practices, and a fragmented market structure with Clients, Designers and Contractors.    The construction sector urges a digitalization revolution in order to overcome the aforementioned old-fashioned practices, but this digital revolution should go along with adequate methodologies that allow the digitalization to achieve its full potential. The work presented in this thesis aims to improve the efficiency of the construction sector by having a look on more collaborative approaches between Clients, Designers and Contractors in Construction Projects. The collaborative approach researched in this thesis is the Integrated Concurrent Engineering methodology, which covers aspects of Project Management, Organization, Communication and Leadership, exploiting the digitalization capabilities that nowadays’ Technology offers. This thesis develops a theoretical framework for Integrated Concurrent Engineering in Construction Projects, with the aim to enhance their efficiency. The theoretical framework is based in literature research as well as experiences from project managers in the construction sector. The result of this study includes guidelines and recommendations on how to effectively implement the principles of Integrated Concurrent Engineering. The guidelines are applicable for Clients, Designers and Contractors, and can be seen as a tool for the Project Management Team to improve construction project’s efficiency, especially in the design phase.

Det blir allt viktigare för dagens företag att diversifiera sig från konkurrenter och påvisa en god förmåga att tillfredsställa kundernas krav och önskemål. Detta kräver en hög intern effektivitet och en väl strukturerad organisation. Studiens syfte är uppbyggt utifrån detta och analyserar redan befintlig litteratur inom området produktutveckling för att visa på möjligheterna till en effektiv produktutvecklingsmetodik inom tillverkande företag i metallindustrin.  Den insamlade teorin utgör grunden för denna litteraturstudie som presenterar två olika strategier för att angripa ett produktutvecklingsprojekt. Strategierna som presenteras är PBE och SBCE, vilka båda är verksamma inom tillverkningsindustrin idag. Den stora skillnaden strategierna emellan är beslutsfattningen kring de genererade koncepten. PBE innefattar ett tidigt konceptval som sedan utvecklas via ett antal iterationer tills det att utvecklingsprojektets kravspecifikation är uppfylld. Inom SBCE utvecklas flera koncept parallellt med ambitionen att erhålla ny viktig kunskap samtidigt som koncepten optimeras innan ett slutgiltigt beslut fattas. Att etablera någon typ av strategi erbjuder verksamheten ett sätt att arbeta systematiskt och rationellt. Detta medför en medvetenhet i problemlösningen och att det slutgiltiga resultatet påverkas positivt. Vidare visar analysen av den ackumulerade teorin att flexibiliteten är viktig ur ett marknadsperspektiv samt att hanteringen av det mänskliga kapitalet är väsentligt för dagens företag, något som blir möjligt genom SBCE. SBCE är den mest effektiva strategin sett ur ett ledtidsperspektiv när graden av iteration är hög. Strategin tillgodoser också verksamhetens behov av flexibilitet samt hantering och utveckling av det mänskliga kapitalet, vilket gör den till det bästa sättet att angripa ett utvecklingsprojekt. / It is becoming increasingly important for today's companies to diversify themselves from competitors and demonstrate a good ability to satisfy customer requirements and requests. This requires high internal efficiency and a well-structured organization. The purpose of the study is based on this and analyzes already existing literature in the field of product development to demonstrate the possibilities for an effective product development methodology in manufacturing companies in the metal industry. The accumulated theory forms the foundation for this literature study, which presents two different strategies for lighting into a product development project. The strategies presented are PBE and SBCE, both of which are active in the manufacturing industry today. The big difference between the strategies is the decision-making around the generated concepts. PBE includes an early conceptual choice which then is developed through a number of iterations until requirements and requests in the specification sheet, for the specific development project, is met. Within SBCE, several concepts are developed simultaneously with the ambition to acquire new, important knowledge while optimizing the concepts before making a final decision. Establishing some kind of strategy offers the business a way to work systematically and rationally. This brings awareness to the problem solving and that the final result is positively affected. Furthermore, the analysis of the accumulated theory shows that a company’s flexibility is important from a market perspective and that the management of human capital is essential to today's business, which is possible through SBCE. SBCE is the most effective strategy seen from a lead time perspective when the rate of iteration is high. The strategy also meets the needs for flexibility in the organization, as well as the management and development of human capital, making it the best way to light into a development project.

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, l'économie industrielle a fait un pas dans l'économiedes services. De nombreuses illustrations témoignent de cette évolution comme le montrent lesnouveaux modèles d’affaires mis en oeuvre par les industriels. Ceux ci sont de plus en plusnombreux à passer de la logique traditionnelle axée sur la vente de s produits à la lo gique« servicielle » qui se focalise sur les effets utiles et la performance d’usage de la solution par lesparties prenantes . Dans ce contexte, les systèmes produits services (PSS) sont considérés commel’ une des mises en oeuvre possibles de la servitisat ion des entreprises manufacturières qui, desurcroît, s’annonce comme une possibilité prometteuse au plan du développement durable. Les PSSattire nt en conséquence l'attention de nombreux praticiens et chercheurs en raison de leur potentiel àsatisfaire le s exigences des clients par des solutions plus économiques, plus personnalisé e s et plusdurables. Cependant, dans le marché actuel, la plupart des solutions PSS sont poussées par lesfournisseurs en fonction de leurs propres capacités et de leur potentiel interne d'innovation sanstenir compte, la plupart du temps d es utilisations et d es valeurs réelles que représentent les offresproposées aux bénéficiaires. Il en résulte que les fonctionnalités des offres, souvent modulaires(différents scénarios de combinaisons de produits et de services ), sont parfois inutiles, parfoisredondantes et qu’ une grande quantité de déchets est produite lors de la production et de la mise enoeuvre de ce type de solution s ; ce qui est antinomique avec l’effet recherchéCet te thèse associe un concept complémentaire au concept de PSS existant pour obtenir unPSS orienté client (COPSS) qui se concentre sur les exigences des clients et leur satisfaction, sur laperformance économique de la solution, sur les autres exigences des fournisseurs de la solution,ainsi que sur la performance de la solution en terme de développement durable. A fin de concevoirdes solutions COPSS répondant véri table ment à ce cahier des charges , un cadre de conceptionintégré basé sur une approche tridime nsionnelle d'ingénierie simultanée est proposé. Selon ce cadre,la solution est construite en considérant simultanément la conception de la solution (offre COPSS),la conception des processus et d u réseau support à cette offre. C e cadre adopte plus précisé ment lapersonnalisation de masse comme méthodologie de conception de base pour concevoir l es offres etles processus supports et l’ architecture multi agent AGORA pour concevoir le réseau support. Afind’être éprouvé, le cadre proposé est mis en oeuvre sur un cas d’application / The world industrial economy has been witnessing to step into service economyduring last two decades. Evidence can be easily found to prove it, such as the shift ofmore and more manufacturers from traditional product centric logic intoservice oriented logic, sharing economy’s growth in popularity over the last severalyears, changing their business model and renting the usage of the p roduct theymanufacture, etc. Product Service Systems (PSS), under this context, are seen as onesolution to help companies to address the servitization process. PSS captures a lot ofpractitioners and researchers’ attention because of its potential to sat isfy customers’requirements of more economical, more c ustomized and more sustainable services inthe modern service economy context. However, in the current marketplace, most PSSsolutions are pushed by providers based on their own capabilities and their internalpotential for innovations and unfortunately, they most of the time ignore real usagesand values for beneficiaries. In this context, functions of offerings (different scenariosof combinations of products and services) are sometimes useless and ov erlapped and alarge amount of waste is being produced when producing and implementing this kindof solution....

Ce travail traite de l'extension du périmètre d'application de l'Ingénierie Système afin de couvrir l'ingénierie des systèmes de fabrication et sa coordination avec l'ingénierie des produits. Une méthode outillée est développée pour concourir à la maximisation du déploiement de cette démarche étendue, prise pour cible méthodologique par PSA Peugeot Citroën pour satisfaire l'amélioration requise de la performance de ses processus de développement. L'extension du référentiel d'Ingénierie Système Automobile est justifiée par l'état de l'art des méthodes d'ingénierie. La portée des résultats obtenus débouche sur la problématique de leur instrumentation logicielle, pour laquelle la modélisation et le raffinement des modèles est réalisée. La méthode outillée s'appuie sur une démarche d'interviews et sur l'analyse des processus d'ingénierie. Elle permet d'évaluer les pratiques actuelles et de réaliser des actions d'amélioration, en réponses aux besoins des métiers. Elle est validée en regard des pratiques du terrain par le cas d'étude présenté. En conclusion, la représentativité et le caractère générique des études réalisées justifient la valeur ajoutée de l'Ingénierie Système ici étendue et son utilité pour l'ingénierie de tout le cycle de vie d'un système ou encore pour d'autres domaines industriels. La principale perspective de ces travaux confirme l'intérêt, par tous les moyens développés dans ce travail, de la poursuite du déploiement de l'Ingénierie Système pour la branche recherche et développement du groupe PSA Peugeot Citroën.