Magister Educationis - MEd / The study explored the comparison of grade 8 to 10 urban and peri-urban learners' contexts preferences in mathematical literacy. There is currently a strong emphasis on the use of contexts for school mathematics. This has been also the case for South Africa when grade 10 learners have to make a choice between mathematics and mathematical literacy as one of their compulsory subjects for grade 10. This study focused more on the use of mathematics in real life situations. Data was collected by using questionnaires developed as part of the Relevance of School Mathematics Education (ROSME) project. The questionnaire dealt with contexts preferred by grade 10 learners from urban and peri-urban areas. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques. The findings radicate that there were contexts highly preferred by learners from both urban and peri-urban areas; least preferred by learners from both areas, highly preferred by learners from periurban areas but not by learners from urban areas and least preferred by learners from urban areas but not by those from peri-urban areas and vice versa. It is recommended that contexts highly preferred by learners should be incorporated in the learning experiences of learners. / South Africa

Les systèmes d’aide à la décision existants sont modélisés selon un modèle multidimensionneldédié à l’analyse. Leurs principales limitations sont leur structure statique, leur volume et lefait qu’ils ne prennent pas en compte ni l’évolution des sources de données ni celle desbesoins d’analyse. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une architecture dynamique pourl’analyse en ligne à la demande qui est différente d’un entreposage physique de données dansune base cible avec un modèle figé. Les données dans notre architecture peuvent continuer àévoluer et dans leur contenu et dans leur structure selon l’activité ou l’environnement qu’ellesdécrivent. Le recueil de données et leur structuration sous forme de contextes d’analyse se faitdonc au moment où l’on souhaite effectuer les diverses analyses envisagées. L’accès auxsources de données ne se fera alors qu’à ce moment.Pour pouvoir mettre en oeuvre cette architecture, nous envisageons une solution selon deuxgrands axes :– La construction d’un système d’intégration de données fondé sur une approche parmédiation. Afin de rendre la recherche de données pertinente, il fallait décrire defaçon plus proche de la réalité les sources de données. Pour cela, nous avons optépour l’utilisation des ontologies comme modèle de description des sources ainsique de leurs relations.– La mise en place d’un dispositif de création de contextes d’analyse à la demandesous forme de cubes de données. Ce dispositif est basé également sur l’utilisationde l’ontologie du domaine décisionnel et d’un entrepôt de cubes de données. / Current decisional systems are modelled according to a multidimensional model which, isdedicated to on-line analysis. Their principal limitations lie in their structure, their volume andthat they do not take into account data sources and analysis needs evolution. In this thesis, wepropose a dynamic architecture for on-line analysis on-the-fly which is different fromwarehousing data in a target base with a fixed model.In our architecture, data can continue to evolve in their sources according to the activity thatthey describe. Collecting and structuring data in analysis contexts is when we want to makeanalysis.To implement this architecture, we consider a solution composed of two main parts:- The construction of a data integration system by mediation based on ontologies.- The implementation of a dispositive to building analysis contexts on-the-fly which isbased on ontologies to describe the decisional domain.

Community cohesion in Britain has been an issue of policy concern in recent years in which the role of migrants in the UK has been scrutinised in terms of their sense of belonging, integration and their economic and social contribution to society. However, much of the existing literature, in this area relates to the experiences of low/unskilled labour migrants. This thesis redresses this imbalance and examines the experiences of overseas-trained South Asian doctors. It provides unique insights into the debates about integration, cultural identity and community cohesion based on an empirical study of overseas-trained South Asian General Practitioners who are elite migrants. A mixed method approach was employed that included secondary data analysis of the GP Workforce Statistics and in-depth interviews with 27 overseas-trained South Asian doctors in three different geographical locales in England with varying ethnic populations. The quantitative analysis shows that a significant and increasing proportion of NHS doctors continue to be overseas-trained South Asian doctors. It also provides evidence of geographical clustering with South Asian doctors being over represented in deprived areas with high and low ethnic minority concentrations. The case studies and interviews with the GPs reveal a complex intertwining of macro-, micro- and meso- structures in the migratory process, related, in part, to the legacy of empire and also to the inner workings and opportunities provided by an organisation such as the NHS. In order to overcome blocked social mobility within the NHS hospital structure, entry into General Practice appears to be an entrepreneurial step for overseas-trained South Asian doctors, also facilitated by regional NHS institutional structures like Primary Care Trusts. Evidence shows that doctors have integrated their cultural/religious values creatively in their adaptation to Britain importing innovation into their everyday experiences. The findings show that there are parallels to be drawn with the experiences of low/unskilled South Asians, in particular, in the area of structural integration. However, there is variation as to how these elite professionals approach issues related to socio-cultural integration thus adding a new dimension to our existing understanding of community cohesion in the UK.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / At primary school learners are excited about mathematics. This may be an indication that learning related to familiar contexts, connected to the learners’ interests, values and goals is necessary for motivation. At secondary school level learners begin to question the applicability of certain topics in the school syllabus and sometimes do not see the necessity of mathematics in their future careers. This is an indication that they are apprehensive regarding the relevance of mathematics in various contexts. However, relevance has a point of reference, what is relevant to a teacher is not necessarily relevant to the learner and what is relevant to a text book writer might not be relevant to the text book reader. As mathematics educators endeavour to encourage learners to appreciate the relevance of mathematics to everyday life, it is important to be aware of their interests. It is crucial to be informed on the subject areas they desire to know about in order to plan classroom activities that will occupy them in purposeful activity.Usually contexts for learning are chosen by adults without conferring with learners at any point. The present study investigated learners' preferences for contexts to use in learning school mathematics. Furthermore the study sought to establish motivations learners have for preferring particular contexts. The problem the study addressed was that of absence of learners' contribution in contexts used to learn mathematics. The aim was to find out the contexts learners preferred and the reasons they gave for their preferences. It is important to be aware of learners' preferences when choosing contexts to use in teaching. Preferences improve motivation and learning. Furthermore, consulting them sends a message that they matter and have an important role to play in their education. / South Africa

The Adobitos Complex and Lima Culture at Pachacamac SanctuaryTo promote tourism, the Site Museum of Pachacamac is excavating and conserving the archaeological complex known as the "Complejo de los Adobitos" or "Complex of Tiny Adobe Bricks". Excavation in progress demonstrates that the building experienced three different periods of construction. We are comparing the new data with what was previously thought about the Sanctuary, reevaluating the presence of Lima culture in the Pachacamac Sanctuary, revising old ideas, as well as proposing new hypotheses and approaches for investigation. / El Museo de Sitio de Pachacamac se encuentra realizando trabajos de excavación y consolidación en el edificio llamado "Complejo de los Adobitos", ubicado dentro del Santuario de Pachacamac, con el fin de incrementar la oferta turística del complejo. Estos trabajos de excavación pudieron demostrar la existencia de tres momentos constructivos. Los nuevos datos, analizados a partir de anteriores investigaciones arqueológicas en el Santuario, intentan reevaluar la presencia de la cultura Lima en el mismo, revisando los datos tradicionalmente asumidos como valederos y planteando nuevas hipótesis y líneas de investigación sobre el tema.

Esta pesquisa tem como foco a investigação das formas de expressão dos grupos familiares a partir dos espaços da morte da pólis ateniense no período inscrito entre aproximadamente 430 e o final do século IV a.C. Definido em função de um conjunto de mudanças significativas no conjunto arqueológico de contexto funerário no referido intervalo, o recorte cronológico adotado segue, portanto, as pistas de fenômenos da cultura material profundamente interligados e que nos sugerem uma forma peculiar dos grupos familiares se apresentarem e serem vistos nestes espaços. De fato, o desenvolvimento progressivo de novas formas de enterrar, de estruturas tumulares tipicamente clássicas e o surgimento de uma nova série de monumentos funerários com um repertório iconográfico tão original quanto padronizado, constituíram as bases para um estudo da categoria histórica ‘família’ (para aplicarmos um termo genérico, embora desconhecido na cultura clássica helênica em questão, senão como múltiplos termos e conceituações). Partindo majoritariamente de uma documentação de natureza arqueológica, procuramos, no decorrer do trabalho, identificar os principais conceitos e valores produzidos ao longo da trajetória de uso dos espaços funerários pelas famílias e como estes significados resultantes da intervenção direta em tais espaços remetem à dinâmica de reprodução dos próprios grupos e podem ser compreendidos à luz da conjuntura histórica de Atenas do século IV, principalmente. / The research that follows is focused on the investigation of the ways in which family groups expressed themselves within the funerary contexts of the Athenian polis from about 430 to the end of the fourth century. Defined by a set of remarkable changes registered in the archaeological material precisely in this period, the chronological span adopted follows thus the hints of material culture phenomena, all of them deeply interwined, suggesting that the family groups came up with a particular way of exposing themselves to social gazes. As a matter of fact, the development of new ways of burying, the equally new typical Attic tomb structures, as well as a freshly arising series of funerary monuments with new imagery (original and standardized at the same time) set the framework for the study of the historical category so-called ‘family’ by contemporary scholarship. We have chosen a set of archaeological evidences as a starting point so that it might help us to identify the main concepts and values created and performed by the families. We are interested in clarifying how the intervention of families in these spaces can lead us to the dynamic of its own reproduction and ultimately may be articulated to the fourth-century Athens and its particular historical moment.

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Magister en Psicología Clínica de Adultos / La presente propuesta de investigación buscará conocer las prácticas de supervisión implementadas por el equipo de supervisores de los diferentes programas desarrollados en el COSAM Pudahuel, con el propósito de plantear algunos lineamientos de supervisión representativos de esta institución de trayectoria y reconocimiento en el ámbito de la formación de practicantes en salud mental, a través de espacios de formación como lo es el de la supervisión. Para tal fin se realizará una investigación enmarcada en una perspectiva cualitativa que se desarrollara haciendo uso de la sistematización de prácticas como método, la entrevista grupal a los supervisores y supervisados como técnica de recolección de información además de la revisión de documentos institucionales, elementos que posteriormente serán discutidos y reflexionados a la luz de algunas hipótesis y ciertos planteamientos teóricos. Es así como se buscará resaltar la supervisión realizada por el COSAM Pudahuel como un referente en el área de la formación desde los contextos públicos de atención en Salud Mental / ABSTRACT The present research proposal will seek to know the supervision practices implemented by the team of supervisors of the different programs developed in the COSAM Pudahuel, with the purpose of proposing some supervision guidelines representative of this institution, owner of trajectory and recognition in the field of training of mental health practitioners, through training spaces such as supervision. For this purpose, a qualitative perspective will be developed, using the systematization of practices as a method, the group interview with supervisors and supervised as a technique for collecting information, as well as the revision of institutional documents, which later will be discussed and reflected in the light of some hypotheses and certain theoretical approaches. This is how it will be sought to highlight the supervision carried out by the COSAM Pudahuel as a reference in the area of training from the public contexts of care in Mental Health

Recent studies have shown that imagining contact with a member of a differing social group can reduce prejudice toward said group. This type of prejudice intervention, known as an imagined contact intervention, can be beneficial when direct contact with the outgroup is not feasible. This study adds to existing research on imagined contact interventions by replicating a simple version of the intervention by Husnu and Crisp (2010) and assessing attitudes toward an American Muslim out-group. This study extends the research of Husnu and Crisp (2010) by using American participants as opposed to British participants and also uses an online distribution for the intervention as opposed to a laboratory setting. The research question was: Will the imagined contact intervention significantly reduce prejudice toward the American Muslim out-group when compared to a control condition? Participants who reported socializing with the Muslim out-group less than three times in the past six months completed a form of the intervention online, responded to an out-group attitude index regarding the Muslim out-group, and completed demographics questions. In this study, there was no significant effect of the imagined contact intervention on out-group attitudes. Possible reasons for the intervention’s ineffectiveness, including the use of online distribution for the survey, are discussed along with directions for future research.

Personality refers to multiple traits that are thought to be stable over time and across situations. It is recognized that personality has a neural basis and is associated with health outcomes. Whether personality is also associated with cognitive ability, however, is still a matter of intense debate. One way to examine these potential relationships is to use a nonhuman primate model for which complexities present in humans can be minimized. Recent research into the varying personality types of marmoset monkeys suggests that there are predominantly three to five core primary domains that most marmosets and other primates can be categorized into, such as dominance, sociability, and neuroticism. The aim of the proposed study was to categorize a small colony of marmosets into respective personality domains, and to examine correlations between the monkeys’ personalities and their cognitive ability. This study was be conducted on 27 marmoset monkeys (14 male, 13 female) housed in the Lacreuse lab at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. A personality survey based on Koski (2015) containing 55 personality traits was utilized by 8 human judges, all of whom have been working with these monkeys daily for at least one year. Each judge rated each individual monkey on each individual trait on a 1 to 7-point scale; 1 indicating total absence of a trait and 7 indicating extreme presence of a trait. Once the survey data was compiled, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to condense the myriad of ratings into smaller distinguishable personality domains. Three personality types were identified in this population, consistent with other non-human primate species. An ICC(2) was performed to ensure the interrater reliabilities of the 8 judges were consistent enough to be considered. Lastly, a linear regression was conducted to reveal possible correlations between the observed personality domains and cognitive performance achieved in a reversal learning task. The results of this experiment showed no statistically significant relationships between any of the three personality domains: Assertiveness, Neuroticism, and Inquisitiveness with the reversal learning cognitive scores. Although these findings suggest that personality and cognitive flexibility are independent in marmosets, we cannot rule out that personality may influence other cognitive domains. Additional studies are needed to examine this possibility.