No description available.

The aim of the research is 1) to introduce a definition of the concept of al-Aqsa Mosque and 2) to understand its architectural development and evolution in the early Islamic period within the cultural context of the site. The initial cause of the study was that almost nothing is known about the Muslim building activities at the enclave and there is very little information about it. The existing interpretations of the early development of al-Aqsa Mosque have been generated either from a typological and formal-aesthetic point of view or are based on interpretation constant with biblical texts. This thesis attempts to expand these interpretations with contributions by additional historical, archaeological and architectural investigations of the early Muslim architecture of the enclave within the Islamic cultural context. In order to achieve these main objectives, a systematic survey of the different parts of al-Aqsa was carried out and archaeological excavations of the site were stu died and both helped determine the significance of the site of al-Aqsa Mosque in each period of development. The thesis also investigated the urban context of al-Aqsa enclave and concluded that the earliest ancient traces in the foundation are mainly Roman and were destroyed in the 1st century AD when the site lost its significance and was situated outside the urban form of Aelia. Muslims reaffirm al-Aqsa Mosque for its religious significance in Islam after their conquest of Jerusalem. The Muslim had complete sovereignty over al-Aqsa Mosque in 638 AD and its initial revitalisation encompassed some building activities including the delineation of a house of prayer. Significant construction activities at al-Aqsa enclave were initiated a few decades after the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem. The surviving early Muslim building types, styles, decorative features and construction type provide evidence to show that they date back to the early Islamic period. Even this time could be narrowed down to the time of the Umayyad caliph 'Abd al-Malik. 'Abd al-Malik saw Jerusalem as a place where he could best proclaim his power and therefore he developed a fully threedimensional Muslim image of Jerusalem. The architecture of the enclave and its syntax presents considered and precise planning, a high quality of building skills and careful attention to the structural problems of its parts. Certain buildings are produced from relics in response to particular functional demands practised at the enclave. In relating the early Muslim buildings of the enclave to its given topography, neither their places nor forms, functions nor meanings are accidental. Each fits into its place within an overall architectural formula of al-Aqsa Mosque. From a comparison and evaluation of building types and architectural configurations, the study concludes that the early Muslim monuments have been built in response to Muslims' religious and cultural requirements. Annular centralised buildings have been c onstructed to fulfil cultural and functional requirements and reflect religious values. As for the broad house type of the Congregation Mosque, it was also created to meet the same purpose of the Muslims' religious functions, and its origin can be found in the plan of the Prophet Mosque in Madīnah. The thesis concludes with a set of recommendations for further research that would attract public awareness towards the cultural heritage of Islamic Jerusalem.

Arizona has an exceptionally rich cultural heritage, and yet only a small fraction of this legacy has been digitized and made available online through the Arizona Memory Project and other collections. With IMLS funding, the University of Arizona’s DigIn program is carrying out research (grant ending 2012) on digital collection development and digital curation activities in a diverse sampling of Tucson-area cultural heritage institutions, especially those representing underserved communities. We are gathering data on a range of factors influencing the decision to start digital projects, and the sustainability of digitization at a time of limited resources. Our goal is to assess the feasibility of new or expanded digital projects, and to define best practices for institutions pursuing small-scale digitization efforts especially. In this program we will share our preliminary results and discuss future efforts to advance the digitization of cultural heritage by librarians and information professionals across Arizona and the West.

The aim of this study is to explore the role of authenticity in heritage festivals in Korea. It compares and critically evaluates the commodification of heritage festivals in Korea by investigating the tourists’, the performers’ (ethnic community) and the policy makers’ perceptions of authenticity based on comparative case studies and detailed empirical investigations of two contrasting heritage festivals in Korea. As one of the most debated issues in heritage tourism, authenticity has been an important topic of discussion. However, current authenticity research has been dominated by the naturalistic tradition with a strong emphasis on theory building. This study addresses the gap between conceptual and detailed empirical research in the area of authenticity. Therefore, this study identified stakeholders; visitors, performers and policy makers’ perception of authenticity in two comparative cultural heritage festival. The Baudeogi Festival in Anseong was selected as the first case study as it is representative of a commodified heritage festival. The Baudeogi Festival was started under deliberate government strategy in 2001 to promote local development. The second cases study, the Danoje Festival in Gangneung, was selected as representative of ancient forms of festivals. The Danoje festival is preserved and inherited from generation to generation for centuries by the local community and was registered as world intangible heritage by UNESCO in 2005. 800 visitor surveys were conducted with 17 interviews from festival performers and policymakers in both case festivals to identify their motivations for participating and their perceptions of authenticity. Several important findings emerged. Firstly, visitors’ characteristics at both festivals showed slight differences reflecting the character of the local area. Danoje visitors were younger than Baudeogi visitors while most Baudeogi visitors were with a family group whereas Danoje visitors also had a considerable number of friend/colleague groups. Regarding motivation, Baudeogi visitors generally showed stronger motivation than Danoje visitors about heritage festival visitation. The motivation to visit heritage festival were reduced through factor analysis to four each dimensions: cultural learning; escape/family togetherness; the need for authenticity; and enjoyment/socialisation factor at Baudeogi while enjoyment/novelty authenticity/cultural learning, family togetherness escape/socialisation were divers to those attending in the Danoje Festival. Secondly, authenticity was understood differently by stakeholders. Among visitors’ motivation, existential authenticity was identified as a strongest predictor for overall satisfaction from both festivals. Otherwise, performers and policy makers largely showed objective-related authenticity providers of the festival. However, there were tactical variations: performers and policy makers displayed existential authenticity as a means of engineering visitor satisfaction. Furthermore, the commodified Baudeogi festival was commonly perceived as staged authenticity (Cohen 1979) by visitors, where performers and local government viewed it as real in a staged setting whereas central and regional government perceived it as contrived authenticity, as a staged festival. In contrast, Gangneung Danoje Festival was perceived as an authentic experience by all levels of governments and by performers as real in a real setting, while it was perceived as denial of authenticity by visitors as staged festival. This result indicated that the perception of authenticity was identified as depending on personal judgement (Cohen 1988). Finally, through linear multiple regression analysis, visitors’ motivation and perception of authenticity was identified as an influence to visitors’ post-trip behaviours (satisfaction, recommendation and revisit). For the Danoje Festival, visitors’ perception of authenticity showed effective causal relationship to visitors’ intention of recommendation. Also, visitor satisfaction more strongly affected to intention of recommend and revisit. Keywords: Local Cultural Heritage Festival, Perception of Authenticity, Commodification, Stakeholders, Motivation, Satisfaction

The current lack of federal heritage policy and legislation in Canada is examined through a comparative study with two other formerly colonial Commonwealth countries, Australia and New Zealand. The full responsibility for protecting the nation’s cultural heritage has been left to individual provinces and a comparative study of policy and legislation across Canada is undertaken. The archaeological excavation at the site of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights has proven to be one of the most significant in the province of Manitoba and serves as the case study for this research. All of this comparative research aspires toward a single goal; the creation of a best practices model broadly applicable to the provinces of Canada, which aims to provide a basis for the creation of federal heritage policy and legislation in meaningful consultation with Indigenous communities. / February 2017

Since 2000, important advances have been made worldwide in the dendrochronology of wood associated with past human activity and cultural heritage. This review summarizes this recent progress in regions with a longstanding tradition of using tree-ring methods, such as Europe and the USA, as well as others such as Asia where developments have been particularly rapid in recent years. The oldest wood generally originates from archaeological sites and the largest amount of wood for research comes from historical structures such as monumental and vernacular architecture. In addition to construction wood, wooden doors, ceilings, furniture, objects of art (such as panel paintings and sculptures), Medieval books, musical instruments and boats can also be utilized. Dating is the first and crucial step of the research and is often difficult even in regions where dendrochronology has a long history of use. In addition to absolute dates, dendrochronology has provided extra information that has enhanced historical knowledge from other sources. Behavioral and environmental inferencing and dendroprovenancing are becoming major areas of research in regions with well-developed networks of reference chronologies and active cooperation among laboratories. The online Bibliography of Dendrochronology and information from conferences have been indispensable in this compilation, because much work related to dendrochronology in cultural heritage is still published in ‘‘gray’’ literature, making it difficult to access.

The fishing method of trawling, or dragging, has long been shown to be harmful to a plethora of sea life inhabiting the world?s oceans and inland waterways. Fishing nets scour the seabed, disturbing everything in their path, while usually in search of only one type of bottom-dwelling species. Impacts to the seafloor include a removal of topographic features, disturbance of the upper sediment layers, including deep furrows, as well as physical and chemical changes to sediment morphology. While biological organisms and communities can potentially recover from this destruction, archaeological data cannot. Fishermen have been raising important artifacts in their nets for over a century. These finds have helped archaeologists locate significant sites, but they also have the adverse effect of irreparably damaging these sites. This thesis explores the impacts of bottom trawling on underwater cultural heritage. The methods and gear used by trawlers and their documented effects upon the sea floor are identified. Examples of the types of damage shipwreck sites receive after being impacted by trawling are presented. Instances where fishermen have raised prehistoric artifacts from inundated land sites are also introduced. The fishing and archaeological communities must cooperate to limit further damage to underwater cultural heritage around the globe.

No description available.

OLIVEIRA, Alexsandra Flávia Bezerra de. Feira livre de Bodocó: memória, africanidades e educação. 2013. 151f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-27T17:46:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-AFBOLIVEIRA.pdf: 3544056 bytes, checksum: 4803eae717524df3e96e12cbf64b1eb0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-28T13:49:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-AFBOLIVEIRA.pdf: 3544056 bytes, checksum: 4803eae717524df3e96e12cbf64b1eb0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-28T13:49:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-AFBOLIVEIRA.pdf: 3544056 bytes, checksum: 4803eae717524df3e96e12cbf64b1eb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Ascertains the artifacts of black culture in the city of Bodocó PE-exposed through the fair free weekly quoted municipality through the memories of those who are guarding the ancestral heritage of producing clay, leather and caroá, but also of people who attended and observed the Friday from childhood to the present day. We describe the settlement of northeastern Brazil and discuss the meaning of hinterland, as well as characterize the municipality of Bodocó and reported briefly your history inextricably linked to the fairs. We report the presence and contributions of historical cultural heritage left by the ancestors of African descent and African lands bodocoenses through the techniques of production of flour, items made of clay, leather and fibers caroá. For this we use the techniques and methods of oral history that took us along with the bibliography to realize the black presence in local history and civilization as a factor of fundamental importance to the teaching of history was also a topic of discussion in this paper where we perceive strong brand Eurocentrism over what is Brazilian, African, African descent. We propose that the heritage bequeathed to our generation by African ancestors in the city of Bodocó and present in weekly markets is subject of local history classes fulfilling what determines the Law 10.639/03 and education leading to a fair and equitable way where we can valuing cultural diversity and include the diversity of students that schools receive for bringing the classroom to their ancestry, historicity and cultural identity. / Averígua os artefatos da cultura negra no município de Bodocó-PE expostos através da feira livre semanal do citado município através das memórias daqueles e daquelas que guardam a herança ancestral da produção em barro, couro e caroá, mas também de pessoas que frequentaram e observaram a feira desde a infância aos nossos dias. Descrevemos o povoamento do interior do Nordeste brasileiro e discutimos o significado da palavra sertão, assim como caracterizamos o município de Bodocó e relatamos de maneira breve o seu histórico intrinsecamente ligado às feiras. Relatamos a presença e as contribuições históricas da herança cultural deixada pelos ancestrais africanos e afrodescendentes em terras bodocoenses através das técnicas de produção da farinha, de artigos feitos em barro, couro e fibras de caroá. Para tanto nos utilizamos das técnicas e métodos da História Oral que nos levou juntamente com a bibliografia consultada a perceber a presença negra na história local como fator civilizatório e de fundamental importância para o ensino de História que também foi tema de discussão neste trabalho onde percebemos a forte marca do eurocentrismo em detrimento daquilo que é brasileiro, africano, afrodescendente. Propomos então que o patrimônio legado a nossa geração pelos ancestrais africanos no município de Bodocó e presente nas feiras semanais seja tema das aulas de História local cumprindo o que determina a Lei 10.639/03 e levando a educação a um caminho mais justo e equitativo onde possamos valorizar a pluralidade cultural e incluir a diversidade de alunos que as escolas recebem trazendo para a sala de aula a sua ancestralidade, historicidade e identidade cultural.

Our thesis discusses the issue of Europeanization in light of Scottish cultural heritage policies since devolution. This sectoral public policy is not the subject of much attention, but this thesis wants to fill the gap. This thesis also raises the questions of identity in the field of cultural heritage. We tend to determine the forces that are involved in the construction of the Scottish identity post-devolution. This work is done by keeping in mind the fact that Scotland is torn between the European and the British influences. In order to operationalize our object of study, we identify six variables that are part of the EU public policies. These variables are the economic and social justifications of cultural public policies, the importance of cultural democracy, the cultural development of regions, the EU policy process and the decision-making process, the emphasis placed on the development of partnerships and the ambivalence of the notion of the EU identity. Our analysis reveals that all of these variables are present in Scottish cultural heritage policies. The omnipresence of all these variables is significant. Nevertheless, because of the limited extent of our work, we consider that it is more appropriate to assert that policy convergence is taking place in Scotland instead of concluding that Scottish cultural heritage policies are openly Europeanized. Our thesis also shows that the presence of these variables in Scottish cultural heritage policies since devolution is an efficient way for Scotland to assert its difference from the UK. Indeed, for almost all of these variables, Scotland’s position tends to differ from the UK.