La réception de la littérature française en Pologne dans les années 1944-1956 est placée sous le signe de l'idéologie et de la politique provenant du fait du changement de régime politique à l'issue de la guerre, suite à la mainmise de Staline sur l'Europe Centrale et Orientale. L'installation progressive du régime communiste régit l'introduction dans la culture du dispositif politique à forte composante idéologique visant à créer les conditions de gestion de la culture directement par le parti communiste polonais. Cela s'est traduit, d'une part, par le contrôle de la production du papier, des imprimeries, la disparition progressive des éditeurs privés, et la mise en place de la gestion centralisée et de la planification, et, d'autre part, par la politique culturelle annonçant la démocratisation de la culture. La réception de la littérature française des siècles passés s'inscrit dans le processus de la création du nouveau canon littéraire marxiste, pour l'inclure dans le projet de "démocratiser" la culture. D'où les rééditions, dès 1946, de grands réalistes français du XIXe s., dans la première période de réception (1944-48), marquée par le débat sur le réalisme dans la littérature dans la nouvelle presse littéraire. La présence de la littérature française du XVIIIe et du XIXe dans ce vaste débat sert à illustrer la théorie marxiste de la littérature, dans un premier temps basée sur le concept du grand réalisme de G. Lukacs, ensuite, dans la deuxième période de réception (1949-56), faisant directement référence à la critique soviétique. Les deux périodes de réception ont donc été marquées par les rééditions à grande échelle des "classiques progressistes" français, suivant le modèle soviétique, servant directement à réaliser l'objectif de former la nouvelle intelligentsia issue des classes sociales privées auparavant d'accès à la culture. En parallèle, la réception importante des oeuvres des écrivains communistes français et des compagnons de route, et la critique virulente des existentialistes, confirme la thèse de dominante idéologique et politique de cette réception. / The precise study of the reception of French literature in Poland in the years 1944-1956 will show us that it is biased towards ideology and politic due to the nature of the change of the political regime after the war, following Stalin's grip on Central and Eastern Europe. The gradual installation of a communist regime strain the introduction of the politic with a strong ideological component, in culture, in order to create the conditions for culture management directly by the Polish communist party. The consequences, on one hand were the control of paper production and printing houses, the gradual blurring of private publishers, and the establishment of centralised management and planning, on the other hand was the installation of a precise cultural policy brandishing the democratisation of culture. The reception of French literature of past centuries is in the process of creating the new Marxist literary rule, to be the literary "progressive" canon and to include it in the project of "Popularization" of culture, hence the reissues in 1946 of great French realists of the nineteenth century, in the first reception period (1944-48), marked by the debate on realism in literature in the new literary press. The presence of French literature of the 18th and 19th centuries in this broad debate, serves to illustrate the Marxist theory of literature, initially based on the concept of great realism developed by G. Lukacs, and then, in the second reception period (1949-56), makes direct reference to Soviet criticism. Both periods have been emphasised by the large-scale editions of "progressive classical" French, following the Soviet model, being used directly to achieve the goal of training, and influencing the new intelligentsia coming from the popular classes who did not have access to culture before. In parallel, reception of a large quantity of works of French Communist writers and from fellows travellers, and the virulent criticism of the existentialists, confirms the thesis of ideological and political dominance of such receipt.

Après avoir partagé les politiques culturelles majoritairement actives en trois modèles et modes afin dedéfinir ce qu'est La Culture, je travaille à une catégorisation de l'objet de vulgarisation de cette Culture, à savoir l'Art, et à une cartographie de son ou ses sujets, à savoir le spectateur et sa place, pour finalement essayer de proposer un mode d'action culturelle nommé non plus politique culturelle mais politique artistique. De La Critique à La Critique de la Critique de la Critique, en passant par La Critique de la Critique, je cherche à sortir de la confortable définition polysémique régnant sur le territoire culturel et à la Tour des Arts, et ce dans le projet utopique de transfiguration de leurs architectures. / The Great Culture and the Great Public as mythical as Alexander or From the art of taking distance. What is art ? Verfremdung → to make stranger. While cultural exhibition tends to be events that are most often apprehended through their relation to the Great Public – sometimes legitimating, sometimes repulsive,sometimes motive and often simultaneously recipient, adjuvant, opponent, expected, persona non grata andalmost always juge-baromètre arpenteur, supposedly outside of concern of that event – we will try to bringout from these different policies (that pay close attention to numerical parameters) the complicities and contradictions between artistic/cultural practices and democratic practice. Can we still bet on subvertissant power of cultural production as ideological enhancer and democratical antioxidant whereas the culturallandscape seems to be shaped by a festivisation oxymoronique, a nivellement-exacerbant ?

Les festivals de musique s'étant constitués progressivement depuis le milieu des années 1990 en un véritable phénomène de société au Maroc, cette thèse analyse, dans une perspective comparatiste, en quoi ces événements artistico-culturels et festifs favorisent des formes nouvelles, non-conventionnelles, de production du politique dans le monde arabe entre contestation et relégitimation de l'ordre établi. D'une part, les festivals de musique, appréhendés par le biais d'une analyse culturelle de l'action collective et des mouvements sociaux, révèlent un espace politique alternatif au potentiel initial fortement subversif, à l’origine d’une Nayda post-islamiste. D'autre part, les différents processus de récupération et de cooptation, directes et indirectes, dans lesquels entrent peu à peu ces événements, illustrent les ressorts de la domination et d'une politique culturelle autoritaire exercées par le makhzen. Enfin, cette politisation multiple, que permet l'ambivalence de l'artistico-culturel et du politique, est exacerbée dans le contexte du Mouvement du 20 février et du Printemps arabe entre radicalisation et saturation de la dynamique festivalière. / Musical festivals in Morocco have progressively become a social phenomenon since the mid 1990's. This study takes a comparative perspective in order to analyse to what extent these artistic, cultural and festive events promote new and unconventional forms of politics production in the Arab world, which oscillate between a contestation and a relegitimation of the established order. On the one hand, music festivals, considered through the lense of a cultural analysis of collective action and social movements, constitute an alternative political space with an initially high subversive potential leading to a post-islamist Nayda. On the other hand, these events gradually enter diverse processes of direct and indirect distortion and co-optation, which illustrate the levers of the domination and the authoritarian cultural policy exercised by the makhzen. Finally, the multiple politicization allowed by the ambivalence of artistic, cultural and political expressions is exacerbated in the context of the Arab Spring and the 20 February Movement between a radicalisation and a saturation of the festival dynamics.

Cultural leadership has been a key concept in cultural policy and training since 2002. Most closely associated with the UK’s Clore Leadership Programme, it has been developed through various courses and initiatives domestically and internationally, initially as a response to crises of financial management and governance within major cultural institutions. This emergence of cultural leadership coincided with growing political interest in the social benefits of the arts and the economic potential of the creative industries. However, the concept is rarely clearly defined or critically analysed, while the political and economic environment in which the cultural sector operates has been transformed since the term was coined. This research investigates the evolution of cultural leadership as a discursive formation in these contexts. It traces the short history of the term itself and situates it within longer trajectories of cultural policy. Through critical discourse analysis the research questions the relationship between ‘cultural leadership’ and ‘cultural leaders’, asking who creates the circumstances in which art is produced and culture shaped. Leadership itself is reconsidered theoretically as an aspect of political action. Detailed interviews with influential cultural sector professionals are analysed as an empirical complement to literature around cultural history, policy and artistic leadership. The analysis reconfigures cultural leadership as a dynamic process arising from relationships between creative practice and social, political and organisational development. Outlining the respective roles of government, the public and the sector, it proposes a framework for understanding leadership through the interplay of action and influence within and beyond the cultural workforce. Indicating that cultural leadership has a vital critical role to play in democratic society, the research argues for more effective engagement between sectoral leaders, including artists, and questions of policy and cultural value. Its findings are significant for the future study and development of cultural leadership nationally and internationally.

The aim of this thesis is to map and subsequently analyse and evaluate all the processes that are going on in the Ponrepo cinema. Even though it is an archive cinema it is currently participating in more complex and broader activities than just film screenings. Therefore, this thesis deals with the processes associated with traditional function as an intermediary of collections of the National Film Archive to the public and the processes associated with the new mission as a creative centre or platform for film education.

In the late 1990s an attempt got underway to develop a new paradigm for cultural development policy at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The fruit of these efforts was the adoption of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, which entered into force in 2007. This binding international treaty has been welcomed for restoring a degree of cultural policy sovereignty to states against some of the pressures of contemporary globalisation, and celebrated for burying some of the political differences between North and South that had pulled UNESCO apart in the 1970s and 1980s. As an instrument with widespread political support the Convention on cultural diversity has also marked something of a landmark event in the more general controversies over the nature of contemporary cultural change and the role of cultural policy in the era of neoliberal globalisation. This thesis is a response to these developments over the last decade, based on a series of studies looking at the processes that led to the formation of the Convention and examining some of the effects of the new framework as they are becoming apparent in the first years following its adoption and entry into force. It looks in particular at the precise points of consensus between North and South that have been found in the new framework of cultural development, examining some of its measures and the way they are coming to feature - or not - in the work of international development agencies, policymakers and cultural industry stakeholders. These observations are developed through two main case studies looking at contemporary attempts at cultural policy reform in China and the Caribbean. The thesis also attempts to offer an alternative perspective to the legal and international relations analyses that have surrounded the Convention and its political controversies so far by approaching them within the framework of social and cultural theory, engaging in particular with recent claims about the transformation of culture into a 'resource' for trade and development in the new global economy. I argue that the new framework tends to conflate cultural rights and recognition with the right of the state to protect and promote activities that it deems worthy of recognition on cultural grounds: this has offered a welcome development to those that have come to have a privileged role to play in the contemporary concern to promote enterprise, production and trade in the knowledge-based economy of content and intellectual property creation, but it has also tended to weaken the position of others whose claims to cultural recognition are inseparable from demands which have little or no protagonism in this framework.

Diploma thesis deals with public financing of Czech cinematography from 1989 to the present, focusing on state funds. It outlines the economic aspects of public support of this specific area and puts film into economic theory of goods and into the concept of cultural and creative industries. It also describes the legislative development up to the present Audiovisual Act, by which the State Cinematography Fund was established. The paper analyzes the structure of the Fund, its activities and its funding. Another object of the research is the development of financing of cinematography support. The thesis identifies sources of funding to support the film, and for what purposes it has been spent. For comparison it provides a brief overview of support in Europe and the description of support schemes in Great Britain and France. Main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the development and current state of public support for the film.

Dans cette thèse, je tente de comprendre l’intrigue politique qui lie musique et politique au prisme des musiques du monde. Il s’agit de comprendre ce que les acteurs font au nom de ces musiques et de quelles manières cet engagement questionne les idées que nous nous faisons de l’usage et des effets de la musique dans nos sociétés. La démonstration parcours quatre cas. Je commence par analyser les Etats Généraux des Musiques du Monde organisés en 2009 à Sciences Po et les échanges qui s’y déroulent. J’y analyse les disputes et controverses en regard des régimes de justification et des références historiques utilisées par les intervenants. Je tente de comprendre ce que font réellement les acteurs dans la situation produite par les Etats Généraux et quelle compétence ces arènes de dispute fabriquent. J’interroge l’évolution de la politique culturelle au prisme de la notion de disponibilité culturelle. De là, je rapproche la focale de mon observation vers l’un des acteurs, le festival africolor et un dispositif, celui de l’accompagnement artistique et professionnel de l’artiste Jean-Didier Hoareau. A travers ces deux chapitres, j’expose en vis-à-vis les intrigues festivalières et politiques et les compétences et savoir-faire qui caractérisent chacune des parties, des accompagnés comme des accompagnants, des programmateurs comme des artistes, des militants comme du public. Je reviens pour la première fois de manière réflexive sur la place que j’ai occupé pour cet accompagnement et la manière dont j’ai construit peu à peu ma réflexion dans le cadre de cette thèse. Pour le dernier cas, je m’attache à prendre en filature la fabrication de « Mulhouse Capitale du Monde », enquête, dispositif, événement, à travers plusieurs arènes d’interprétation : les débats d’un comité, la réception d’une enquête, les interviews de musiciens, l’organisation de concerts. Je problématise cette « filature » au sein d’un corpus de recherches autour de l’idée d’un lien entre gouvernance, mise en valeur d’un territoire et musique. J’essaie de saisir la fabrique d’un art de s’en mêler. / In this thesis, I attempt to understand the political intrigue linking music and politics within the prism of World Music. I aim to unveil what stakeholders do in the name of this music and in what ways their commitment calls into question our conceptions about how music is used and how it affects our society.I examine four cases, beginning with an analysis of the Forum for World Music (Etats Généraux) held in 2009 at Sciences-Po and the discussions that took place there. I examine the conflicts and controversies linked to the regimes of justification and the historical references used by the speakers. I attempt to comprehend what those taking part in the Forum were really doing in this context and what authority these arenas of conflict produced. I question the evolution of cultural policy through the prism of the concept of cultural availability.I go on to focus on one of the stakeholders, the Africolor festival and the artistic and professional support of the artist Jean-Didier Hoareau. In these two chapters, I unveil face to face the festival and political intrigues ; the specific expertise and savoir-faire of the accompanied and those accompanying them, of the programmers and the artists, of the activists and the audience. For the first time, I reflect on my role and the way in which I have formulated my reflection little by little for this thesis.Finally, I follow the creation of the “Mulhouse Capitale du Monde” event – investigation, organization, event, in various contexts: a committee’s debates, the receiving of an investigation, interviews with the musicians, the organization of the concerts. I call into question this “shadowing” with a body of research into the concept of a link between governing, the development of a territory and music. I attempt to grasp how one creates an art of interfering.

This is a concurrent, mixed methods study of the impacts of Austin, Texas’s cultural plan, CreateAustin. In the study, trend analysis and a t-test were used to examine variables before and after the cultural plan was in place. At the same time, interviews with cultural planners were used to uncover other effects. My research addresses a gap in the literature between understanding the desired and actual outcomes of a cultural plan. Cultural plans are being developed by many communities in an effort to attract creative workers but they are rarely evaluated. Evaluation using a mixed methods approach is necessary to capture all the outcomes of a cultural plan, rather than the limited scope of impacts that are captured by qualitative or quantitative analyses alone. My analysis of the quantitative variables showed some significant differences between when the plan was in place and the years prior to its creation. Interviews with key stakeholders revealed the formation of new networks as a powerful outcome of the planning process. The results allowed me to gauge the overall impact of CreateAustin and make some observations about the cultural planning process in general, as well as uncover new directions for future research.

Der grundlegende Wandel in der bibliothekarischen Arbeitswelt infolge der digitalen Veränderungen rückt das Aufgabengebiet der Bestandserhaltung scheinbar in das Licht, ewig gestrig dem Alten verhaftet zu sein. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass das Ziel der Bestandserhaltung notwendig der Originalerhalt ist und dass sie sich am Analogen orientieren muss. Daraus folgt die Brisanz der Tatsache, dass Bestandserhaltung verstärkt ins Bewusstsein der Politik und der Öffentlichkeit zu heben ist. / The fundamental change in library work owing to the digital changes seems to show the area of preservation of collections as clinging firmly to the past. The report shows that the goal of preservation of collections necessarily is the preservation of originals and that it has to be orientated towards analogue subjects. From this follows the explosiveness of the fact that preservation of collections must increasingly be brought to the notice of politics and the public.