SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF DIAZOPHENYLENE AND DIAZODIPHENYLENE BRIDGED Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, AND Er PHTHALOCYANINE POLYMERS Alkan, Cemil M. Sc., Department of Polymer Science and Technology Supervisor: Prof.Dr. Leyla Aras Co- Supervisor: Prof.Dr. G&uuml / ng&ouml / r G&uuml / nd&uuml / z September 2004, 112 pages In this research, diazophenylene and diazodiphenylene bridged metal-phthalocyanine polymers were produced from diazonium salt of diaminophenylene/bensidin and pre-synthesized tetraamino metal phthalocyanines. Tetraamino metal phthalocyanine complexes of Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, and Er were obtained by reducing tetranitro metal phthalocyanine complexes synthesized from 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, urea, metal salt, and ammonium molybdate catalyst. Complexes and polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopies. X-Ray analysis showed that there were short range orientations in the polymers. Thermal analysis of the complexes and the polymers were done by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10&amp / #61616 / Cmin&amp / #61485 / 1 under nitrogen atmosphere. Ash analysis was performed to determine the metal content of the polymers. Viscosity and ebullioscopy measurements of the soluble part of the polymers were carried out in THF at 25&amp / #61616 / C. Scanning electron microscopy were used for morphology investigations of the polymers. Four probe conductivity measurements showed that electrical conductivity of the polymers increased according to the metallic conductivity of the metal at the center of the phthalocyanine units. When doped with iodine, the polymer samples showed 104 fold increase in their conductivities. Current-Voltage (I-V) measurements showed that the polymers were optically sensitive and semiconductors. Electrochemical analysis of the soluble part of the polymers were determined in tributylamine perchlorite+dichloromethane mixture utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV).

In the recent years, environmental pollution becomes a health threatening issue for human beings. Technological developments introduce industrial wastes and heavy metals, and developments in agriculture introduce pesticides into the world that we live. All these toxic wastes accumulate in drinking water and food consumed by humans. Therefore, detection of toxic wastes in all kinds of environmental samples, and development of new detection techniques become an important issue. In this study, development of a protein-based biosensor for detection of heavy metals in environmental samples, by expressing genetically modified glutathione S-transferase (GST-(His)6) protein in E.Coli BL21 (DE3) expression system, was designed. Recombinant GST proteins was expressed in E.Coli BL21 (DE3) expression system and purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity column and Ni-NTA spin kit. GST activities were determined using the GST substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Protein expression was tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Product formation linearly increased up to 1 mM CDNB, 1 mM GSH, 1.7 &micro / g proteins in 0.05 M, pH 6.9 phosphate buffer in the final volume of 1.0 ml at 25&amp / #9702 / C. The Vmax and Km values for GST-(His)6 towards CDNB and GSH were calculated with Lineweaver-Burk as CDNB Vmax / 22.88 &micro / mol/min/mg, Km / 4.29 mM,and as GSH Vmax / 6.42 &micro / mol/min/mg, 24.45 &micro / mol/min/mg, Km / 3.69 mM, respectively. Biosensor working electrode was prepared by immobilizing the GST-(His)6 by 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) coupling on the gold surface. Electrode preparation was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry measurements. The biosensor was inserted as the working electrode in the constructed three(four)-electrode flow cell. The conformational change resulting from the binding of the metal ions to the recombinant protein causing a capacitance change proportional to the concentration of the metal ions was determined. After the working electrode is standardized and calibrated, the heavy metal concentration in water samples was measured. The GST-(His)6 biosensor has a large operational range between 1 fM and 10 mM and a storage stability of approximately 2 weeks. The GST-(His)6 biosensor is very sensitive to, Cu+2&gt / Cd+2&gt / Zn+2&gt / Hg+2 metal ions, at low concentrations.

Orientador: Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo / Banca: Newton Luiz Dias Filho / Banca: Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a preparação e caracterização de uma sílica micelar template modificada com Ti(IV), e posterior reação em H3PO4. O produto formado, chamado de SMT-2, foi caracterizado por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difração de Raios X (DRX), análise de área superficial e porosidade. Este material não adsorveu metais e sim compostos fenotiazínicos. Uma caracterização dos compostos fenotiazínicos nas cavidades da SMT-2 foi realizada empregando técnicas de FTIR, termogravimetria e voltametrica cíclica. O voltamograma cíclico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificado apresentou dois pares redox com potencial padrão (E0'), onde E0' = (Epa+Epc)/2, 0,09 V para o pico I e 0,42 V para o pico II (v=50 mV s-1; solução tampão Britton-robinson; pH 2) versus Ag/AgCl que foi atribuído ao monômero e dímero do azul de orto toluidina nas cavidades da SMT-2, estes resultados foram análogos ao azul de metileno e azure A. Em uma segunda etapa, preparou-se óxido de titânio seguindo uma nova metodologia de síntese. Por analogia a SMT-2, o material preparado foi modificado com H3PO4, que foi descrito como TiP, e contrariamente ao SMT-2, o material apresentou capacidade de adsorver íons metálicos (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). Após a caracterização do TiP pelas técnicas supracitadas, efetuaram-se os estudos de adsorção de íons de Co2+, Cu2+ e Ni2+ em meio aquoso, etanol/água (42%) e etanol (99%) onde se determinou para estes metais os respectivos tempos de equilíbrio de sorção. Após a determinação do tempo de equilíbrio para a adsorção dos íons metálicos em cada sistema, determinou-se a capacidade específica de sorção (NfMax) através de isotermas de sorção. Para o Co2+, os valores de Nf foram: em meio aquoso (4,95 x 10-4 mol g-1), etanol/água 42% (6,09 x 10-4 mol g-1) e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work presents the preparation of a micellar template silica modified with Ti (IV), and subsequent reaction with H3PO4. The product formed, called SMT-2, was characterized by spectroscopy in infrared region (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis and porosity. This material did not adsorbed metals but adsorbed phenothiazine compounds. A characterization of phenothiazine compounds in the wells of SMT-2 was performed using techniques of FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of modified graphite paste electrode showed two redox couples with standard potential (E0'), where E0' = (Epa + Epc) / 2, 0.09 to peak I and 0.42 to peak II ( v = 50 mV s-1 BR solution, pH 2) vs. Ag / AgCl which was assigned to the monomer and dimer of ortho toluidine blue into the wells of SMT-2, these results were similar to methylene blue and azure A. In a second step, prepared titanium oxide following a new methodology for synthesis. By analogy of SMT-2, the prepared material was modified with H3PO4, which was abbreviated as TiP, contrary to the SMT-2, the material shows the ability to adsorb metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). After characterizing the TiP by the techniques described above, were conducted studies of ion adsorption of Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in water, ethanol/water (42%) and ethanol (99%) which was determined for these metals their equilibrium times sorption. After determining the equilibrium time for adsorption of metal ions in each system, we determined the specific sorption capacity (NfMax) through sorption isotherms. For the Co2+, the values of Nf were in water (4.95 x 10-4 mol g-1), ethanol/water 42% (6.09 x 10-4 mol g-1) and ethanol 99% (3.00 x 10-4 mol g-1), with concentrations of Co2 + ions ranging from 9.03 to 18.63 x 10-4 mol L-1. As for the Cu2 + these values were: in water... (Summary complete electronic access click below) / Mestre

Orientador: Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo / Banca: Newton Luiz Dias Filho / Banca: Regina Massako Takeuchi / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a preparação de um silsesquioxano nanoestruturado, o cloropropilsilsesquioxano (S) que foi organofuncionalizado com os seguintes agentes modificadores: 4-amino-3-hidrazinico-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol (Purpald®) e o 4-amino-5-4(piridil)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-tiol (APTT), os materiais obtidos dessa funcionalização foram descritos como SP e SA, respectivamente. Os materiais SP e SA foram caracterizados por diversas técnicas espectroscópicas: Espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FT-IR), Ressonância magnética nuclear 29Si e 13C no estado sólido (RMN), Difração de Raios- X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios X (EDX), Termogravimetria e Análise Térmica Diferencial (TG - DTA). Após a devida caracterização, realizaram-se estudos de adsorção de íons metálicos (Cu2+, Cd2+ e Ni2+) nos sítios ativos do SA, porém, curiosamente não se observou a mesma capacidade de sorção pelo SP. Diferentes meios foram estudados no processo de adsorção dos íons metálicos supracitados: aquoso, etanólico 99% e etanólico 42%, determinando-se o tempo de equilíbrio de adsorção, que para ambos os meios e metais esse tempo máximo foi em média 35 min. Determinado o tempo de equilíbrio de adsorção dos íons metálicos em cada sistema, determinou-se a capacidade específica de sorção (Nfmax) através de isotermas de adsorção. Para o Cu2+, os valores de Nf foram: meio aquoso (3,09 × 10-4 mol g-1), etanólico 42% (1,03 × 10-4 mol g-1) e etanólico 99% (1,86 × 10-4 mol g-1), com concentrações de íons Cu2+ variando de 1,74 a 29,64 mol L-1. Os valores encontrados para o Ni2+ foram: em meio aquoso (2,11 × 10-4 mol g-1), etanólico 42% (0,97 × 10-4 mol g-1) e etanólico 99% (1,05 × 10-4 mol g-1), com concentrações de íons Ni2+ variando de 2,25 a 33,18 mol L-1. Para os íons cádmio não foram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work presents the preparation of a nanostructured silsesquioxane, the cloropropilsilsesquioxano (S) that was organofunctionalised with the following modifying agents: 4-amino-3-hydrazino 5 - mercapto 1,2,4 triazole (Purpald ®) and 4- amino-5-4 (pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (APTT), the materials obtained of the functionalization were described as SP and SA, respectively. The materials SA and SP were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as spectroscopy in the region of infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance 29Si and 13C solid-state (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Rays (EDS), Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG - DTA). After proper characterization, were carried studies on adsorption of metallic ions such as Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ in the active sites of SA, but curiously did not observe the same sorption capacity of the SP. Different methods were studied in the adsorption of metal ions above: aqueous, 99% ethanolic and 42% ethanolic, determining the adsorption equilibrium time, which for both means and metals the maximum time averaged 35 min. After determining the adsorption equilibrium time of metal ions in each system, we determined the specific sorption capacity (Nfmax) through adsorption isotherms. For Cu2+, the values of Nf were: aqueous solution (3.09 × 10-4 mol g-1), 42% ethanolic (1.03 × 10-4 mol g-1) and 99% ethanolic (1.86 × 10-4 mol g-1), with Cu2 + ion concentrations ranging from 1.74 to 29.64 mol L-1. The values obtained for the Ni2+ were: aqueous solution (2.11 × 10-4 mol g-1), 42% ethanolic (0.97 × 10-4 mol g-1) and 99% ethanolic (1.05 × 10-4 mol g-1), with Ni2 + ion concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 33.18 mol L-1. For the cadmium ions were not observed saturation of adsorption sites in the concentration range studied, not getting the maximum... (Summary complete electronic access click below) / Mestre

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Various dermatological disorders, such as formation of black pigmented patches on the surface of the skin arise from the over-activity of tyrosinase enzyme's degenerative action. This enzyme is further implicated in the involvement of melanin in malignant melanoma, the most lifethreatening skin tumors. Although, synthetic products were found effective to combat this menace, nevertheless, overtime detrimental effect on human skin is a challenge. Investigation of natural tyrosinase inhibitors from methanol extracts of medicinal plants of Lamiaceae family using L-tyrosine as substrate on three different complementary assays (TLC bio-autography, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry) was carried out accordingly. The result indicated Salvia chamelaeagnea, Salvia dolomitica, Plectranthus ecklonii, Plectranthus namaensis, and Plectranthus zuluensis, with significant zone of inhibition against tyrosinase on TLC bio-autography, spectrophotometry result showed that extracts of Plectranthus ecklonii (IC50 = 21.58 μg/mL), Plectranthus zuluensis (IC50 = 23.99 μg/mL), Plectranthus madagascariensis (IC50 = 23.99 μg/mL) and Salvia lanceolata (IC50 = 28.83) demonstrated good anti-tyrosinase activity when compared with kojic acid (IC50 = 3.607 μg/mL). On the other hand, cyclic voltammetry are in consonant with above results thereby supported the nomination of some of the extracts as strong anti-tyrosinase agents. Salvia chamelaeagnea showed strong activity in cyclic voltammetry and clear zone of inhibition on TLC bioautography, these reasons gave us justification for further chemical study to isolate the bioactive constituents. Phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extract of Salvia chamelaeagnea using different chromatographic methods including column chromatographic and semi preparative HPLC afforded six (6) known compounds viz carsonol (C1), carnosic acid (C2), 7- ethoxylrosmanol (C3), ursolic acid (C4), rosmanol (C5) and ladanein (C6). Their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR) data as well as correlations with existing literature. The methanolic extract of S. chamelaeagnea (SC) showed moderate antityrosinase (IC50 = 267.4 μg/mL) activity, total antioxidant capacities measured as: Oxygen radicals absorbance capacity (ORAC; 14970 ± 5.16 μM TE/g), ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 9869.43 ± 7.87 μM AAE/g) and trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC; 13706.5 ± 0.95 μM TE/g). Excellent total antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by C1 and C5 respectively as FRAP (9338.92 ± 1.72; 8622.73 ± 1.92) μM AAE/g; TEAC (16505 ± 0.86; 10641.5 ± 0.52) μM TE/g; ORAC (14550.5 ± 3.65; 14633.90 ± 3.84) μM TE/g and including the inhibition of Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 32.5; 30.25) μg/mL. All the compounds except C4 are electro-active with well-defined oxidation-reduction peaks while C1 demonstrated the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity by strongly decreased the inhibition current with time using cyclic voltammetry method. The isolated compounds especially C1, C2 and C5 are well known to combat with ageing problems and documented for their powerful activity against oxidative stress and alzheimer's diseases, which are ageing related symptoms. The isolation of such bioactive compounds indicated the synergetic effect of the results of the three methods used in this thesis. This is the first report on the evaluation of both anti-tyrosinase and total antioxidant capacities of the isolated compounds from S. chamelaeagnea. The findings therefore can be used as background information for exploitation of skin depigmentation and antioxidant agents from natural source.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Pollution of water sources, aquifers and wetland systems caused by industry, agriculture, and municipally treated wastewater is a worldwide problem that contributes to the scarcity of clean and potable water. Rivers, channels, lakes, oceans, and ground water are often contaminated by a variety of organic substances that can affect aquatic life and threaten human health. Organic compounds such as antibiotics that are not effectively removed by modern day water treatment technology are a growing threat to water quality and health. The emergence of antibiotics in the environment particularly aquatics have become a matter of concern as they may result in induction and spread of bacterial resistance which may be harmful to humans or animals. After administration, antibiotics for human use or their metabolites are excreted into the effluent and reach the sewage treatment plant (STP). Not all Antibiotics in sewage treatment plants are eliminated. Consequently they can pass through the sewage system and may end up in environmental and even potable water systems. Antibiotic residues have been reportedly found in places such as hospital wastewaters, wastewater treatment plants and surface waters all over the world with concentrations ranging from approximately 60-120000 ng/, 2-580 ng/L and 5-1300 ng/L respectively. The current methods that are used to detect antibiotics can be quite expensive and time consuming due to sample preparation (necessary for detection of very low concentrations of antibiotics in water) and technology used in the instruments. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are simple systems, with high selectivity and sensitivity for individual measurements and cost effectiveness. The development of composites based on conductive phases dispersed in polymeric matrices has led to important advances in analytical electrochemistry. Polyamic acid and graphene oxide are both materials with well-defined electrochemistry and are easily processable in the design of various sensor formats. In this study we present a novel polyamic acid - graphene oxide (PAA/GO) electrode which was prepared for electrochemical screening of antibiotic residues in aqueous systems. Polyamic acid (PAA) and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully synthesized independently and characterized using SEM which was used to study the morphology of the PAA, FTIR spectroscopy to confirm chemical structures and functional groups as well as CV and SWV which were used to identify the unique electrochemical behavior of PAA and GO respectively. Polyamic acid-graphene oxide nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by CV, SWV, FTIR and SEM. The novel electrode (PAA/GO/SPCE) was prepared by electrochemically depositing PAA/GO (0.03 mg/mL) onto SPCE electrodes using 5 cycles between −1000 mV and 1000 mV at 50 mVs. The analytical performance of the electrochemical sensor towards detection of neomyxin and norlfoxacin was compared to standard Uv-vis spectroscopy method. The Uv-vis spectroscopy showed LOD of 1.61x10-5 M and 1.41x10-5 M for norfloxacin and neomycin respectively. The PAA/GO electrochemical sensor had a LOD of 3.37x10-7 M for norfloxacin and 1.066x10-6 M for neomycin. Sensitivity of the UV/vis method was comparable to electrochemical sensor sensitivity for neomycin and norfloxacin.

Magister Scientiae - MSc (Biotechnology) / It has been estimated that the world population will reach about 10 billion by the year 2050 and in order to accommodate the increased demand of food, the world agricultural production needs to rise by 70 % in the year 2030. However, the realisation of the goal in food production is hindered by limited arable land caused by urbanisation, salinisation, desertification and environmental degradation. Furthermore, abiotic and biotic stresses affect plant growth and development, which lead to major crop losses. The long term goal of this study is to improve food security by producing genetically engineered agricultural crops that will be tolerant to diverse stresses. This research aims at developing stress tolerant crops through the determination of important signalling molecules and second messengers, such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and calcium ion (Ca2+), which can bind to plant proteins such as AtNOGC1 in order to induce stress tolerance in plants.

Submitted by VANESSA SOLFA DOS SANTOS null (solfavanessa@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T14:21:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Vanessa (1).pdf: 3423502 bytes, checksum: 5b479bf4b60a4efb35c20557d8775014 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-04T17:58:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vs_me_ilha.pdf: 3423502 bytes, checksum: 5b479bf4b60a4efb35c20557d8775014 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T17:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vs_me_ilha.pdf: 3423502 bytes, checksum: 5b479bf4b60a4efb35c20557d8775014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho descreve a preparação, caracterização e aplicação eletroanalítica de nanopartículas formadas a partir de Hexacianoferrato (III) de potássio e Cloreto de zinco em água, formamida e uma mistura de água/formamida, estabelecendo respectivamente três sistemas de análise ZnH-1; ZnH-3 e ZnH-2 com o intuito de investigar sua influência na morfologia, topologia e nas propriedades eletrocatalíticas das nanoparticulas. Todos os sistemas foram caracterizados por técnicas espectroscópicas e eletroquímica tais como: espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), Difração de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), Reflectância difusa (UV-visível) e voltametria cíclica (VC). Após as caracterizações foram realizados estudos sobre o comportamento voltamétrico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo as nanopartículas (ZnH) e testados na oxidação eletrocatalítica do Sulfito e da N-acetilcisteína. Dois sistemas (ZnH-1 e ZnH-3) foram sensíveis a concentrações de Sulfito. O sistema ZnH-1 apresentou um limite de detecção de 3,312 × 10-5 mol L-1, com um desvio padrão de ± 3 % (n=3) e uma sensibilidade amperométrica de 0,259 A/ mol L-1, em uma faixa de concentração de 9,0 × 10-5 a 8,0 × 10-4 mol L-1.O sistema ZnH-3 apresentou um limite de detecção de 3,988 ×10-4 mol L-1, com um desvio padrão de ± 5 % (n=3) e uma sensibilidade amperométrica de 0,031 A/ mol L-1, em uma faixa de concentração de 1,0 × 10-3 a 9,0 × 10-3 mol L-1 para o ZnH-3. Somente o eletrodo modificado com a pasta de grafite contendo ZnH-2 foi sensível a diferentes concentrações de N-acetilcisteína com um limite de detecção de 1,474 × 10-5 mol L-1, um desvio padrão de ± 3 % (n=3) e uma sensibilidade amperométrica de 0,451 A/ mol L-1, em uma faixa de concentração de 6,0 × 10-5 a 2,0 × 10-4 mol L-1. / O presente trabalho descreve a preparação, caracterização e aplicação eletroanalítica de nanopartículas formadas a partir de Hexacianoferrato (III) de potássio e Cloreto de zinco em água, formamida e uma mistura de água/formamida, estabelecendo respectivamente três sistemas de análise ZnH-1; ZnH-3 e ZnH-2 com o intuito de investigar sua influência na morfologia, topologia e nas propriedades eletrocatalíticas das nanoparticulas. Todos os sistemas foram caracterizados por técnicas espectroscópicas e eletroquímica tais como: espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), Difração de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), Reflectância difusa (UV-visível) e voltametria cíclica (VC). Após as caracterizações foram realizados estudos sobre o comportamento voltamétrico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo as nanopartículas (ZnH) e testados na oxidação eletrocatalítica do Sulfito e da N-acetilcisteína. Dois sistemas (ZnH-1 e ZnH-3) foram sensíveis a concentrações de Sulfito. O sistema ZnH-1 apresentou um limite de detecção de 3,312 × 10-5 mol L-1 , com um desvio padrão de ± 3 % (n=3) e uma sensibilidade amperométrica de 0,259 A/ mol L-1 , em uma faixa de concentração de 9,0 × 10-5 a 8,0 × 10-4 mol L-1 .O sistema ZnH-3 apresentou um limite de detecção de 3,988 ×10-4 mol L-1 , com um desvio padrão de ± 5 % (n=3) e uma sensibilidade amperométrica de 0,031 A/ mol L-1 , em uma faixa de concentração de 1,0 × 10-3 a 9,0 × 10-3 mol L-1 para o ZnH-3. Somente o eletrodo modificado com a pasta de grafite contendo ZnH-2 foi sensível a diferentes concentrações de N-acetilcisteína com um limite de detecção de 1,474 × 10-5 mol L-1 , um desvio padrão de ± 3 % (n=3) e uma sensibilidade amperométrica de 0,451 A/ mol L-1 , em uma faixa de concentração de 6,0 × 10-5 a 2,0 × 10-4 mol L-1.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:53:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pipi_arf_me_ilha.pdf: 5601014 bytes, checksum: e6e8165f62f904c9ebc3d807bad047c8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho apresenta a preparação e caracterização de uma sílica micelar template modificada com Ti(IV), e posterior reação em H3PO4. O produto formado, chamado de SMT-2, foi caracterizado por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difração de Raios X (DRX), análise de área superficial e porosidade. Este material não adsorveu metais e sim compostos fenotiazínicos. Uma caracterização dos compostos fenotiazínicos nas cavidades da SMT-2 foi realizada empregando técnicas de FTIR, termogravimetria e voltametrica cíclica. O voltamograma cíclico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificado apresentou dois pares redox com potencial padrão (E0’), onde E0’ = (Epa+Epc)/2, 0,09 V para o pico I e 0,42 V para o pico II (v=50 mV s-1; solução tampão Britton-robinson; pH 2) versus Ag/AgCl que foi atribuído ao monômero e dímero do azul de orto toluidina nas cavidades da SMT-2, estes resultados foram análogos ao azul de metileno e azure A. Em uma segunda etapa, preparou-se óxido de titânio seguindo uma nova metodologia de síntese. Por analogia a SMT-2, o material preparado foi modificado com H3PO4, que foi descrito como TiP, e contrariamente ao SMT-2, o material apresentou capacidade de adsorver íons metálicos (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). Após a caracterização do TiP pelas técnicas supracitadas, efetuaram-se os estudos de adsorção de íons de Co2+, Cu2+ e Ni2+ em meio aquoso, etanol/água (42%) e etanol (99%) onde se determinou para estes metais os respectivos tempos de equilíbrio de sorção. Após a determinação do tempo de equilíbrio para a adsorção dos íons metálicos em cada sistema, determinou-se a capacidade específica de sorção (NfMax) através de isotermas de sorção. Para o Co2+, os valores de Nf foram: em meio aquoso (4,95 x 10-4 mol g-1), etanol/água 42% (6,09 x 10-4 mol g-1) e... / This work presents the preparation of a micellar template silica modified with Ti (IV), and subsequent reaction with H3PO4. The product formed, called SMT-2, was characterized by spectroscopy in infrared region (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis and porosity. This material did not adsorbed metals but adsorbed phenothiazine compounds. A characterization of phenothiazine compounds in the wells of SMT-2 was performed using techniques of FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of modified graphite paste electrode showed two redox couples with standard potential (E0'), where E0' = (Epa + Epc) / 2, 0.09 to peak I and 0.42 to peak II ( v = 50 mV s-1 BR solution, pH 2) vs. Ag / AgCl which was assigned to the monomer and dimer of ortho toluidine blue into the wells of SMT-2, these results were similar to methylene blue and azure A. In a second step, prepared titanium oxide following a new methodology for synthesis. By analogy of SMT-2, the prepared material was modified with H3PO4, which was abbreviated as TiP, contrary to the SMT-2, the material shows the ability to adsorb metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). After characterizing the TiP by the techniques described above, were conducted studies of ion adsorption of Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in water, ethanol/water (42%) and ethanol (99%) which was determined for these metals their equilibrium times sorption. After determining the equilibrium time for adsorption of metal ions in each system, we determined the specific sorption capacity (NfMax) through sorption isotherms. For the Co2+, the values of Nf were in water (4.95 x 10-4 mol g-1), ethanol/water 42% (6.09 x 10-4 mol g-1) and ethanol 99% (3.00 x 10-4 mol g-1), with concentrations of Co2 + ions ranging from 9.03 to 18.63 x 10-4 mol L-1. As for the Cu2 + these values were: in water... (Summary complete electronic access click below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:38:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 baptista_masa_me_araiq.pdf: 1599441 bytes, checksum: 7444090694584cd7afc69342f630018c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Vidros no sistema binário NaPO3-WO3 vem despertando intenso interesse acadêmico e tecnológico devido às suas propriedades ópticas tais como fotocromismo, termocromismo e eletrocromismo, as quais levam as diversas aplicações. Neste trabalho, foram obtidos vidros NaPO3-WO3 com elevadas concentrações de WO3 (40, 50 e 60%), cujo controle cinético durante as etapas de fusão e resfriamento forneceu vidros de diferentes colorações. A análise por espectroscopia na região do UV-Vis mostrou maior intensidade na absorbância para as amostras com elevadas concentrações de WO3 ou obtidas em maiores temperaturas de fusão. Para essas amostras, a caracterização na região do infravermelho indicou diminuição das bandas referentes às ligações dos tetraedros de fosfato em detrimento do aumento das bandas relativas à inserção de octaedros de WO6 nas cadeias lineares de fosfato. Também, o aumento na concentração de óxido de tungstênio leva ao aumento nos valores de Tg, atribuídos à incorporação de octaedros WO6 na rede de tetraedros PO4 promovendo a formação de ligações fortes P-O-W. Os processos de óxidoredução responsáveis pelas diferentes cores obtidas nas amostras vítreas foi estudado pela primeira vez por voltametria cíclica (VC) a temperatura ambiente, em uma célula eletroquímica acoplada a um estereomicroscópio, o qual permitiu observar in situ a mudança de coloração com a aplicação de diferentes potenciais. Em concordância com os resultados mostrados pela VC, as análises por espectroscopia de fotoemissão de raios X (XPS) indicaram variação no estado de oxidação do tungstênio de W6+ para W4+, atribuída à variação de cor nos vidros estudados. A variação na coloração devido à redução do tungstênio foi observada mesmo em baixas concentrações da espécie reduzida, corroborando os resultados obtidos por VC. / Binary system of NaPO3-WO3 glasses have been attracting high academic and technological interest due to potential applications because their optical properties such as photo, thermo, and electrochromism. In this work, NaPO3-WO3 glasses with high WO3 concentrations and different colors obtained with kinetic control of the melting and cooling steps were reported. UVVis spectroscopy analysis shows increase in the absorbance intensity for either high WO3 concentration or high melt temperature synthesized samples. Infrared spectroscopy characterization of these samples presented decreasing of the band intensity assigned to the phosphate tetrahedron related to a band intensity increasing due to phosphate octahedral linear chairs inset. Tungsten oxide concentration increases also leads to increasing in the Tg values assigned to the octahedral WO6 incorporation onto the PO4 tetrahedron lattice provide strongly P-O-W bonding. A novel room temperature cyclic voltammetric (CV) study was carried out in a stereomicroscopic-coupled electrochemical cell in order to evaluate the redox processes assigned to the color changes, allowing in situ color change observations while the potential was continuously varied. The CV results agrees with the X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) inferring that different glass colors can be assigned to the tungsten oxidizing state changes from W+6 to W+4. These color changes due to tungsten oxidation were observed even at low concentration of the reduced species as also indicated by the CV analysis.