El objetivo del presente trabajo es diseñar un prototipo de Unidad Militar de Emergencias dentro de las Fuerzas Armadas que atienda las necesidades y expectativas de la ciudadanía en la preparación para la respuesta de la Gestión Reactiva del Riesgo de Desastres Naturales.

Business Intelligence (BI) can be a great source of advantage in a business decision process. However, as we move forward, data comes in a greater volume and variety than before which puts pressure on BI to utilize this complex data and take better decisions. From BI companies point of view, it is about creating as much value as possible for its customers and stakeholders. It can however be challenging creating value with data that does not correspond with the purpose, business- goals and needs as well as user- goals and needs. Setting up goals, desires, and an overall plan happens in the initial stages of the BI process. This thesis aims to investigate and characterize the possible challenges appearing in these initial stages and discuss a method for addressing these challenges. In consultation with a company within BI, the method chosen was Design Thinking (DT). The challenges of BI in the initial stages and DT relevant for this thesis was studied through a literature study as well as through qualitative interviews and a workshop-like approach. Since the goal of this thesis is to generate theory that can be further researched, grounded theory is used as a strategy. The interviews conducted was with four BI experienced persons, whereas one had experience in DT as well. The result of these interviews confirms, corroborate, and adds to the challenges in the initial stages of BI brought up in the literature study. Challenges such as extracting goals and needs, plan, involve and manage. A desire for a method of ensuring that value is created for the customers was expressed in the interviews. One of the interviewees had used DT-tools in an implementation project scenario before with success. Findings from literature review and interviews gave insights about common challenges in BI and that a human-centered method such as DT can address these challenges.

Det finns ett stort problem bakom den linjära ekonomin vi utövar idag, vilket är att avfallen bara fortsätter att växa samtidigt som vi fortsätter att förbruka på jordens naturresurser. Om vi skall uppnå mål 12 i Agenda 2030 och säkerställa hållbara konsumtions- och produktionsmönster till år 2030 så krävs det åtgärder och engagemang. En bra startpunkt mot detta mål är att göra ett skifte till en cirkulär ekonomi, genom att bland annat börja konsumera secondhand istället för nyproducerad inredning. Secondhandbutiker har populariserats allt mer under de senaste året, vilket beror på människans behov att följa trender. Samtidigt så är det endast ett urval människor som besöker dessa butiker. Syftet bakom denna uppsats var att undersöka hur cirkulär ekonomi kan bidra till en hållbar konsumtion genom återbruk av inredningsdekor. Frågeställningarna hur förhåller sig ett urval secondhandbutiker i Sundsvall med omnejd till återbruk av inredningsdekor och hur förhåller sig ett urval människor till att dekorera sina hem med inredning från secondhand formulerades för att besvara detta. En visuell research i form av en omvärldsbevakning av vad som fanns i secondhandbutikerna, kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer med personal i secondhandbutikerna och en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med ett urval människor utfördes för att besvara dessa frågeställningar.   Det visade sig att främst unga människor är tillmötesgående för öka återanvändningen av inredningsdekor, samt att secondhandbutiker inte anstränger sig tillräckligt mycket för att utöka försäljningen av återbruk. Både konsumenter och secondhandbutikerna följer fortfarande till viss del en linjär ekonomi, men trots att de förekommer tillfällen då människor och secondhandbutiker slänger produkter, så har majoriteten en positiv inställning till att förändra sina konsumtionsmönster och besöker secondhand frekvent i dagens läge. Sammanfattningsvis så visar undersökningen att det finns en stor potential för att försäljning av inredningsdekor skall öka i secondhandbutiker. Detta i och med att undersökningen visar att de flesta konsumenter idag är påtagliga för att återbruka inredningsdekor, vilket vidare leder till en mer ansvarsfull konsumtion och produktion och mängden avfall skulle minska markant.

Purpose – Ever since Sarasvathy’s (2001) seminal article, scholars have sought to test effectuation’s affect on firm performance. Although recent work has begun the arduous process of testing effectuation’s effect on entrepreneurial performance, there is still much to learn about its impact on firm performance. One such area is the relationship between effectuation and innovation. The purpose of this paper is to first, propose a scale suitable to the explication of the effectuation construct relative to innovation. Second, it proposes a more parsimonious scale for the measurement of innovation. Third, these scales are tested relative to firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops and tests a structural model, which investigates aspects of effectuation as mediators between innovation orientation and product/service innovation. This is accomplished using a sample of 169 electronic product manufacturing-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Subjective measures of performance are used as the dependent variable. Findings – The three most widely used measures of innovativeness were found to break cleanly into two sub-constructs, namely innovation orientation and product/service innovation. Effectuation measures included means (who I know), leverage contingencies (experimentation), pre-commitments and affordable loss. Means and leverage contingencies were found to positively mediate innovation orientation and product/service innovation leading to increased firm performance. Affordable loss did not show a mediating role, but had a direct effect on firm performance. Research limitations/implications – This study establishes two distinct sub-constructs of firm-level innovation; namely innovation orientation and product/service innovation. Second, by testing an innovation-centric effectuation model, this research establishes an empirical relationship between effectuation, innovation and firm performance. Practical implications – Practical implications include establishing a relationship between means, leverage contingencies and innovation-performance, indicating that the ways through which small and medium-sized enterprises use their innovation networks may affect innovation outcomes and ultimately firm performance. Originality/value – This research establishes an empirical relationship between effectuation, innovation and firm performance, extending effectuation theory from the entrepreneurship to the innovation literature.

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Canadian university sports are gaining momentum as a high-performance sports culture, leading to greater demands and potential mental health (MH) risks for student-athletes. Despite the abundance of research and resources pertaining to MH, student-athletes continue to experience significant MH challenges. This thesis aimed to reimagine student-athlete MH support at a Canadian university using a Design Thinking (DT) approach. This was achieved through a case study about the University of Ottawa (uOttawa) Gee-Gees. DT is a creative and collaborative approach to understanding your end-users, challenging assumptions, and redefining problems to create innovative solutions you can prototype and test (Brown, 2008). The methodological framework was inspired by Hasso Plattner Institute’s (2018) six-step model: 1) understand, 2) observe, 3) point of view, 4) ideate, 5) prototype, and 6) test. This study explicitly engages in the first three steps of the HPI process, otherwise known as the “Compassion space” (Chambers, 2021). Findings from each step are presented through two journal articles and used to inform future research dedicated to the remaining three steps (“Solution space”; HPI, 2018). Article one focuses on the “Understand” phase, aimed to generate ecological insights from multiple stakeholders into how the varsity sports department at uOttawa supports student-athlete MH. Three activities were conducted incrementally, including stakeholder mapping (to identify relevant stakeholders), stakeholder analysis (to prioritize stakeholder engagement), and enabler interviews (to understand diverse perspectives on the explored topic). Nine enabler interviews were conducted and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings are presented through three themes: Enhancing the accessibility of MH services, providing proactive and holistic care, and building a sustainable integrated support team model. This case helps illustrate the varsity environment as one interconnected system and demonstrates the shared responsibility of all enablers to promote and protect positive MH. Article Two encompasses two HPI phases. First, the “Observe” phase is to observe the daily realities of uOttawa student-athletes in their localized varsity sports environment. To facilitate this, six digital stories were produced by student-athletes and analyzed using empathy mapping (i.e., interpreting what a person says, thinks, feels, and does). Individual empathy maps informed the subsequent “Point of View” phase, designed to establish a point of view from a student athlete's perspective and present the findings creatively and in an easily digestible manner. Six empathy maps were condensed into three fictional personas that help illustrate student-athlete experiences at uOttawa. Presenting these personable stories to relevant stakeholders will be beneficial to garnering deeper empathy and compassion for student-athletes experiencing MH challenges. The results of each phase yield a comprehensive understanding of student-athletes’ needs, experiences, and the environment in which they compete and study. Thereby contributing to the design of a (future) desirable, viable, and feasible solution the varsity sports department can implement. Moreover, supplementary methods and results are outlined to showcase the interdisciplinary collaborative approach used to understand further the uOttawa Gee-Gees high-performance integrated support team (IST), a crucial component for understanding the uOttawa’s varsity sports landscape. This thesis addresses new ways to explore student-athlete MH, contributes a Canadian perspective to student-athlete research, and paves the way for DT in the sports psychology field.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur cirkulär design kan bidra till en hållbar konsumtion inom förpackningsdesign. Frågorna var hur kan man skifta fokus från linjär till cirkulär design? Hur förhåller sig ett urval människor till hållbart konsumtion? Hur ser ett urval människors vardagliga konsumtion ut? Denna studie blev utformad kring tre metodistiska moment. Det första momentet gick ut på att se på design utifrån ett  “design thinking”-metodiskt perspektiv. Denna följs sedan av två kompletterande metodansatser, det vill säga de kvalitativa samtalsintervjuerna och de kvalitativa etnografiska observationerna. För att kunna applicera design thinking metodiken på ett verklighetsbaserat exempel så används Jordans “Green Clean Toothbrush.”I samtalsintervjuerna så användes en intervjuguide för att strukturera upp intervjuerna. I de etnografiska observationsstudierna så användes bilder användes som visual research för att skildra hur ett urval respondenternas vardagliga konsumtion egentligen såg ut.

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Even though disciplines that are not traditionally affiliated with design have started to show interest in design thinking such as business, education, healthcare, engineering, and IT (Clark and Smith, 2008; Cross, 2007, 2011; Dorst, 2011; Finn Connell, 2013; Lawson, 2004, 2006; Owen, 2007; Razzouk and Shute, 2012) design thinking studies has tended to focus on limited design disciplines such as architecture, engineering design, and industrial design and there are not enough studies to prove that designers in different design fields perform design processes as design thinking literature proposed (Kimbell, 2011). This qualitative study explores the design process of professionals from different design disciplines, in order to understand the similarities and differences between their process and the design activities proposed by the design thinking literature. Design strategies of experts from different design disciplines were studied and compared, in relation to the activities proposed by the design thinking literature. This basic qualitative study was designed to use semi-structured interviews as the qualitative method of inquiry. This study employed purposeful sampling, specifically criterion sampling and snowball sampling methods. The researcher interviewed nine designers from instructional design, fashion design, and game design fields. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed and participants were asked demographic questions, opinion and values questions, and ideal position questions. Demographic questions provided background information such as education and number of years of design experience for the participants. Opinion and value questions were asked to learn what participants think about the research questions. Ideal position questions let participants describe what good design would be. The researcher analyzed the interview data and the results were reported in a way to demonstrate the differences and similarities within and across disciplines. / Ph. D.