Os atuais recursos tecnológicos têm favorecido o desenvolvimento de diferentes métodos de disseminação seletiva de informações, permitindo, inclusive, maior autonomia aos usuários. Neste contexto, teve-se como objetivo analisar o processo de disseminação seletiva de informações, por meio de estudo exploratório em uma biblioteca digital federada, visando a valorizar a mediação por intervenção humana. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas disseminação seletiva de informações e bibliotecas digitais federadas, assumindo-se a visão de mediação, a partir da perspectiva de Kuhlthau. Realizou-se, ainda, um estudo de caso no NEP (New Economics Papers), um serviço da biblioteca digital RePEc (Research Papers in Economics), sendo a coleta de dados realizada a partir de variadas fontes de evidências. Em relação ao questionário usado na coleta de dados, dos 61 editores temáticos voluntários, que faziam a seleção de informações a serem disseminadas nas categorias temáticas do NEP, contou-se com 41 respondentes. Para a análise dos dados, derivados das respostas do questionário, utilizou-se análise de conteúdo, buscando a identificação de fatores relevantes relacionados às variáveis analisadas (interação entre mediadores e usuários, seleção dos documentos, motivação dos mediadores, impacto do serviço e perfil dos mediadores), promovendo, quando necessário, o agrupamento de respostas semelhantes em categorias, enfatizando a ocorrência de determinado fator e não sua freqüência. Dentre os resultados destacam-se: caracterização de três distintas gerações de serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações, em relação ao desenvolvimento tecnológico; identificação de distintas possibilidades e níveis de mediação nos serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações; identificação de fatores correspondentes às variáveis analisadas em relação à mediação realizada por meio de intervenção humana, em serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações em bibliotecas digitais federadas. Conclui-se que, embora a tecnologia possibilite a autonomia por parte do usuário, em relação aos serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações, é viável um planejamento prévio que reconheça a possibilidade de se atuar em diferentes níveis de mediação a serem adotados, uma vez que a presença da mediação pode agregar valor ao serviço. / Technological advances has facilitated the development of various resources enabling the implementation of selective dissemination of information services which offer autonomy to users. Thus, the objective was to analyze the process of selective dissemination of information, through an exploratory study in a federated digital library, aiming to enhance the mediation by human intervention. For this, a literature review was made comprising the themes: selective dissemination of information and digital libraries, assuming mediation from the perspective of Kuhlthau. Also, it was conducted a case study based on NEP (New Economics Papers), a service of the digital library RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) being the data collection made from various sources of evidence. Regarding the questionnaire used in the data collection, out of 61 volunteers, who were responsible for selecting information on the NEP themes to be disseminated, 41 responded the questionnaire. For data analysis, derived from responses from the questionnaires, it was used content analysis, seeking to identify relevant factors related to the analyzed variables (interaction between mediators and users, documents\' selection, mediators\' motivation, services impact and mediators\' profile), promoting, when necessary, the grouping of similar responses into categories, emphasizing thus, the occurrence of a particular factor and not it\'s frequency. Among the results are: characterization of three different generations of selective dissemination of information services, in relation to technological development; identification of different possibilities and levels of mediation in services of selective dissemination of information; identification of factors related to the variables analyzed, in relation to the mediation made by means of human intervention in services of selective dissemination of information. It is found that, although the technology allows the autonomy of the user, referring to the selective dissemination of information services, it is possible to make a previous planning that recognize the possibility of acting from different levels of mediation to be adopted, since the presence of mediation can add value to the service.

Os atuais recursos tecnológicos têm favorecido o desenvolvimento de diferentes métodos de disseminação seletiva de informações, permitindo, inclusive, maior autonomia aos usuários. Neste contexto, teve-se como objetivo analisar o processo de disseminação seletiva de informações, por meio de estudo exploratório em uma biblioteca digital federada, visando a valorizar a mediação por intervenção humana. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas disseminação seletiva de informações e bibliotecas digitais federadas, assumindo-se a visão de mediação, a partir da perspectiva de Kuhlthau. Realizou-se, ainda, um estudo de caso no NEP (New Economics Papers), um serviço da biblioteca digital RePEc (Research Papers in Economics), sendo a coleta de dados realizada a partir de variadas fontes de evidências. Em relação ao questionário usado na coleta de dados, dos 61 editores temáticos voluntários, que faziam a seleção de informações a serem disseminadas nas categorias temáticas do NEP, contou-se com 41 respondentes. Para a análise dos dados, derivados das respostas do questionário, utilizou-se análise de conteúdo, buscando a identificação de fatores relevantes relacionados às variáveis analisadas (interação entre mediadores e usuários, seleção dos documentos, motivação dos mediadores, impacto do serviço e perfil dos mediadores), promovendo, quando necessário, o agrupamento de respostas semelhantes em categorias, enfatizando a ocorrência de determinado fator e não sua freqüência. Dentre os resultados destacam-se: caracterização de três distintas gerações de serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações, em relação ao desenvolvimento tecnológico; identificação de distintas possibilidades e níveis de mediação nos serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações; identificação de fatores correspondentes às variáveis analisadas em relação à mediação realizada por meio de intervenção humana, em serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações em bibliotecas digitais federadas. Conclui-se que, embora a tecnologia possibilite a autonomia por parte do usuário, em relação aos serviços de disseminação seletiva de informações, é viável um planejamento prévio que reconheça a possibilidade de se atuar em diferentes níveis de mediação a serem adotados, uma vez que a presença da mediação pode agregar valor ao serviço. / Technological advances has facilitated the development of various resources enabling the implementation of selective dissemination of information services which offer autonomy to users. Thus, the objective was to analyze the process of selective dissemination of information, through an exploratory study in a federated digital library, aiming to enhance the mediation by human intervention. For this, a literature review was made comprising the themes: selective dissemination of information and digital libraries, assuming mediation from the perspective of Kuhlthau. Also, it was conducted a case study based on NEP (New Economics Papers), a service of the digital library RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) being the data collection made from various sources of evidence. Regarding the questionnaire used in the data collection, out of 61 volunteers, who were responsible for selecting information on the NEP themes to be disseminated, 41 responded the questionnaire. For data analysis, derived from responses from the questionnaires, it was used content analysis, seeking to identify relevant factors related to the analyzed variables (interaction between mediators and users, documents\' selection, mediators\' motivation, services impact and mediators\' profile), promoting, when necessary, the grouping of similar responses into categories, emphasizing thus, the occurrence of a particular factor and not it\'s frequency. Among the results are: characterization of three different generations of selective dissemination of information services, in relation to technological development; identification of different possibilities and levels of mediation in services of selective dissemination of information; identification of factors related to the variables analyzed, in relation to the mediation made by means of human intervention in services of selective dissemination of information. It is found that, although the technology allows the autonomy of the user, referring to the selective dissemination of information services, it is possible to make a previous planning that recognize the possibility of acting from different levels of mediation to be adopted, since the presence of mediation can add value to the service.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are rapidly gaining popularity in various critical domains like health care, critical infrastructure, and climate monitoring, where application builders have diversified development needs. Independent of the functionalities provided by the WSN applications, many of the developers use visualization, simulation, and programming tools. However, these tools are designed as separate stand-alone applications, which force developers to use multiple tools. This situation often poses confusion and hampers an efficient development experience. To avoid the complexity of using multiple tools, a new, extensible, multi-platform, scalable, and open-source framework called PROVIZ is designed. PROVIZ is an integrated visualization and programming framework with the following features: PROVIZ 1) visualizes sensor nodes and WSN traffic by parsing the data received either from a packet sniffer (e.g., a sensor-based sniffer, or a commercial TI SmartRF 802.15.4 packet sniffer), or from a simulator (e.g., OMNeT); 2) visualizes a heterogeneous WSN consisting of different sensor nodes sending packets with different packet payload formats; and 3) provides a programming framework, which provides a graphical and script-based programming functionality, for developing WSN applications. Also, PROVIZ includes built-in extensible visual demo deployment capabilities that allow users to quickly craft network scenarios and share them with other users. Additionally, a secure and energy efficient wireless code dissemination protocol, named SIMAGE, was developed. SIMAGE is used by PROVIZ to wirelessly reprogram the sensor nodes. SIMAGE uses a link quality cognizant adaptive packet-sizing technique along with energy-efficient encryption protocols for secure and efficient code dissemination. In this thesis, the various features of PROVIZ's visualization and programming framework are explained, the functionality and performance of SIMAGE protocol is described, an example WSN security attack scenario is analyzed, and how PROVIZ can be used as a visual debugging tool to identify the security attack and aid in providing a software fix are discussed.

Istanbul est pour Pamuk ce que Paris est pour Baudelaire : une source inépuisable d’inspiration et de spleen. Or, si le poète est davantage conscient de ses états d’âme, le romancier turc le plus lu des deux côtés du Bosphore ne sait pas toujours que tout discours sur le monde extérieur est un discours sur lui-même. Dans un premier temps, il se complait dans l’hüzün, ce sentiment collectif et généralisé de mélancolie, apparemment intrinsèque à la ville et ses ruines, traces tangibles de la décadence d’un grand empire dont les héritiers peinent à se relever. Il n’en est pourtant rien, car, au fur à mesure que Pamuk suit les traces des écrivains et artistes étrangers de passage à Istanbul, il s’aperçoit que l’apparente mélancolie des ruines n’est qu’une strate parmi d’autres, c’est-à-dire glissante, malléable et fluide, tout dépend de l’emplacement et du point de vue de l’observateur, dans une ville palimpseste qui cache dans ses entrailles toutes les altérités. En suivant les traces de l’altérité, Pamuk découvre la nature hétérogène de sa ville et de lui-même et s’aperçoit que la mélancolie collective est fabriquée de toutes pièces par un certain récit socio-politique et une certaine classe sociale. En effet, c’est en traquant les reflets de son double que le romancier prend soudainement conscience du caractère fuyant de sa propre subjectivité, mais aussi de celui du monde et des autres. Si tel est le cas, l’espace urbain qui préoccupe et obsède Pamuk n’est qu’un reflet de son esprit et l’accès à la présence pleine s’avère une illusion. Comme si, l’inquiétante étrangeté de son inconscient, en lui dévoilant le côté insaisissable du monde et du soi, l’encourageait à remettre en cause un certain nombre d’opinions acquises, non seulement à l’intérieur de sa propre culture, mais aussi dans la culture de son double européen. Car si tout est fluide et malléable, il n’y a pas raison de ne pas tout questionner, incluant la tradition et la politique, cette dernière faisant de lui, « une personne bien plus politique, sérieuse et responsable que je ne le suis et ne souhaitais l’être ». Ainsi, Istanbul, souvenir d’une ville questionne le rapport entre la subjectivité et les strates hétérogènes d’Istanbul, pour aboutir à un constat déconstructiviste : tout n’est que bricolage et substitut du sens là où il brille par son absence. S’il brille par son absence, il en est de même loin d’Istanbul, dans une maison périphérique appelée La Maison du Silence à l’intérieur de laquelle les personnages soliloques et par moments muets, se questionnent sur le rapport entre la tradition et la modernité, le centre et la périphérie, l’Occident et l’Orient, sans oublier le caractère destructeur et éphémère du temps, mais aussi de l’espace. Et enfin, Le Musée de l’Innoncence, cette oeuvre magistrale où l’amour joue (en apparence seulement) le rôle principal, n’est en fait que l’étrange aboutissement de la quête obsessessive et narcissique du personnage principal vers un autre espace-temps, quelque part entre la réalité et la fiction, entre l’Est et l’Ouest, entre la tradition et la modernité, cet entre-deux qui campe indéniablement Pamuk parmi les meilleurs romanciers postmodernes de notre époque. Or, pour y parvenir, il faut au préalable un bouc-émissaire qui, dans le cas de Pamuk, représente presque toujours la figure du féminin. / Istanbul is for Pamuk what Paris is for Baudelaire: an inexhaustible source of inspiration and spleen. But, if the French poet is more conscious of his states of mind, the most widely read contemporary Turkish novelist seems at first to deliberately disregard the fact that any discourse on the external world is also a discourse about himself. At first, in emulation of other Turkish novelists, Pamuk seems to thoroughly enjoy mapping the hüzün, the much talked about collective feeling of melancholy, reputed to be intrinsic to the city and its ruins. Nevertheless, as soon as Pamuk starts to follow in the footsteps of foreign writers and artists who have visited Istanbul, he notices that the apparent melancholy of the ruins is only one layer among many fluid layers. While following the tracks of the otherness, Pamuk discovers the heterogeneous character of his city but also of himself and notices that the collective melancholy widely accepted by most his compatriots is fabricated by a certain socio-political narrative, within a specific social class. Indeed, by tracking the reflections of his own imaginative twin, the novelist is suddenly aware of the elusiveness of his own subjectivity but also of the world and the others. If such is the case, the urban space that preoccupies and obsesses Pamuk is only a reflection of his mind and the will to fully access to the presence, is nothing but an illusion. As if the disturbing uncanny of his unconscious, by revealing the elusive side of the world and the self, encourages Pamuk to challenge a number of views and opinions taken for granted, inside his own culture but also inside the culture of the other, his European twin. For, if everything is fluid and malleable, there is no reason not to question everything, including tradition and state politics, the latter making him, "a person well more political, serious and responsible that I am and ever whished to be". Thus, Istanbul: memoires and the city questions the relationship between the subjectivity and the heterogeneous layers of Istanbul in order to come to a deconstructionist conclusion: everything is a substitute; there is a general absence of sense. If the city lacks a tangible raison d’être or sense in its history and topography, then it must be the same in places that are far from Istanbul. Thus central characters in The House of the Silence question not only the very foundation of their identity and subjectivity, but also the relationship between tradition and modernity, center and periphery, East and West, not to mention the destructive and ephemeral nature of time and space. In Pamuk’s most recent novel, The Museum of Innocence, the protagonist engages in an even more obsessive and destructive quest for another kind of space and time — an imaginary in-between space allowing for a seamless traffic between reality and fiction, East and West, and tradition and modernity. This in-between space or identity clearly anchors Pamuk among the most interesting postmodern novelists of our time. But, this in-between positionality, however, can only be attained at a price: Pamuk’s work, illuminating insight or a precarious balance is more often than not achieved through the sacrifice of the female figure.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-20T18:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Claudia_Fioresi2016.pdf: 16935854 bytes, checksum: 8a451f765c75e7a45afddf0008ee2b4d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T18:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Claudia_Fioresi2016.pdf: 16935854 bytes, checksum: 8a451f765c75e7a45afddf0008ee2b4d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / One of the media's functions is to communicate science constituting a discursive genre that we call dissemination of science communication. Also the Comics are considered a specific genre of discourse, which can be used as a teaching resource for science classes. This work was carried out by a production activity of comics, which aimed to grant the dissemination of science. The production of comic books was performed by high school students from a public school in the city of Toledo/PR, in order to investigate how these students divulge certain issues of Science. Initially, it was performed the analysis of two texts "Paradise Pesticides", the journal Science Today and "The Truth About Gluten," the Journal Superinteressante. Our intention was to make a critical reading and to find out how each issue was addressed by their authors. It was verified the presence or non-objectivity of indices and some didatizantes elements. Based on the analysis, we observed that the text relating to gluten has a greater amount of didatizantes elements which seek a closer relationship with the reader, but can lead to erroneous relations of science. The text of pesticides have fewer didatizantes elements, which makes it closer to science. These two texts were brought to the classroom for reading and discussion with students, who could then, build their own comics. Later, it was worked the analysis of Comics produced by the students, which was held based on the method of content analysis, following the premises of Bardin (2011). The speeches found in Science dissemination of texts provided to students reflected directly in the content of elaborate stories in which can be seen an uncritical reading of the text by students, representing reductive perceptions of Science and Technology. Finally, considerations can anticipate that it is important to conduct critical anaylisis of the dissemination of science texts in the classroom then students can develop a critical look at the reports in the media. / Uma das funções da mídia é comunicar a Ciência. A linguagem com que informa constitui um gênero discursivo que denominamos Divulgação Científica. Também as Histórias em Quadrinhos são consideradas um gênero específico de discurso e que pode ser utilizado como recurso didático para as aulas de Ciências. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma atividade de produção de histórias em quadrinhos que teve como subsídio a divulgação da ciência. A produção das histórias em quadrinhos foi realizada por estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública, do município de Toledo/PR, com vistas a investigar a forma como esses estudantes divulgariam determinado assunto da Ciência. Inicialmente realizamos a análise de dois textos, sendo “Paraíso dos Agrotóxicos”, da Revista Ciência Hoje e “A Verdade sobre o Glúten”, da Revista Superinteressante. Nosso intuito foi realizar uma leitura crítica e averiguar como cada assunto foi abordado pelos seus autores. Verificamos a presença/frequência ou não de índices de objetividade e de alguns elementos didatizantes. Com base nas análises, observamos que o texto referente ao glúten possui maior quantidade de elementos didatizantes e que buscam uma aproximação maior com o leitor, mas que podem induzir a relações equivocadas da ciência. O texto sobre os agrotóxicos tem menor quantidade de elementos didatizantes, o que o torna mais próximo da ciência. Esses dois textos foram levados à sala de aula para leitura e discussão com os estudantes, que, a partir deles, construíram suas histórias em quadrinhos. Posteriormente nos debruçamos sobre essas histórias em quadrinhos produzidas pelos estudantes para analisá-las, análise que foi realizada tendo como base o método da Análise de Conteúdo, seguindo os pressupostos de Bardin (2011). Os discursos apresentados nos textos de divulgação da ciência fornecidos aos estudantes se refletiram diretamente no conteúdo das histórias elaboradas, nas quais é possível perceber uma leitura acrítica do texto por parte dos estudantes, representando, assim, percepções reducionistas de Ciência e Tecnologia. Como considerações é possível antecipar que é importante a realização de leitura crítica de textos de Divulgação Científica em sala de aula, para que os estudantes possam desenvolver um olhar crítico sobre as informações veiculadas pela mídia.

Bis heute sind die beiden Ratten-Cytomegalovirus (RCMV)-Isolate RCMV-England (RCMV-E) und RCMV-Berlin (RCMV-B) die einzig bekannten Viren, die ein Homolog von XCL1 kodieren, einem g-Chemokin, das vom Virus kopiert wurde um das Chemokin-Netzwerk des Wirts zu beeinträchtigen. Wie das Wirtshomolog lockt vXCL1 ausschließlich dendritische Zellen (DC) an, die den XC-Chemokinrezeptor 1 (XCR1) exprimieren. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwieweit RCMV die XCL1-XCR1-Achse nutzt, um DC zu infizieren und sich im Wirt auszubreiten. In der Ratte konnten zwei DC-Hauptpopulationen identifiziert werden, XCR1+ CD4- und XCR1- CD4+ DC. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Überstände von RCMV-infizierten embryonalen Rattenfibroblasten ausschließlich die XCR1+ CD4- Population anlocken. Darüber hinaus konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass RCMV DC infiziert. Durch die Anreicherung wurden DC aktiviert. Während der Infektion inhibierte RCMV die Hochregulation von Reifungsmarkern, einschließlich CD40, CD86 und CCR7. Unabhängig von vXCL1 scheint RCMV die DC-Funktionalität durch das Herunterregulieren von Reifungsgenen zu lähmen. Um die Rolle von XCR1 und die Funktion von vXCL1 in vivo zu analysieren, wurden Xcr1+/+ und Xcr1-/- Ratten mit RCMV-B wt und RCMV-B D-vxcl1 infiziert. Während das XCR1- Expressionsniveau einen Einfluss auf die Geschwindigkeit der RCMV-Verbreitung in den Speicheldrüsen hatte, führte das Fehlen von vXCL1 zu einer starken Abnahme der Virusausbreitung. Die DC-Migration in die Speicheldrüsen war sowohl von vXCL1 als auch von XCR1 abhängig und war reduziert, wenn vXCL1 und XCR1 nicht vorhanden waren. Während der Infektion wurden CD8+ T-Zellen in die Speicheldrüsen rekrutiert. Diese Migration blieb jedoch aus, wenn Xcr1+/+ Ratten mit RCMV-B D-vxcl1 infiziert wurden. Zusammenfassend besitzt RCMV die Fähigkeit DC unabhängig von der vXCL1-Expression zu infizieren. RCMV verwendet vXCL1, um XCR1+ DC anzulocken, was entscheidend für die Virusausbreitung in die Speicheldrüsen zu sein scheint. / To date, the two Rat Cytomegalovirus (RCMV) isolates RCMV-England (RCMV-E) and RCMV-Berlin (RCMV-B) are the only known viruses that encode a homolog of XCL1, a gamma- chemokine adopted by viral piracy to interfere with the host’s chemokine network. Like its host homolog, vXCL1 exclusively attracts dendritic cells (DC) that express the XC chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1). In this work, it was investigated whether RCMV misuses the XCL1-XCR1 axis to infect DC in order to disseminate within the host. Initially, rat DC phenotyping revealed two major DC populations, XCR1+ CD4- DC and XCR1- CD4+. It could be shown that supernatants of RCMV-infected rat embryonic fibroblasts solely attracted the XCR1+ CD4- population. Moreover, RCMV was able to infect and replicate in DC. Due to digestion of the spleen and leukocyte enrichment DC became activated leading to full maturation 24 h after cell isolation. During infection, RCMV inhibited the upregulation of several maturation markers including CD40, CD86 and CCR7 and also led to reduced expression of MHCII, CD4 and XCR1. Regardless of vXCL1, RCMV appears to paralyze DC functionality by downregulating maturation genes. In order to analyze the role of XCR1 and vXCL1 function in vivo, Xcr1+/+ and Xcr1-/- rats were infected with RCMV-B wt and RCMV-B delta-vxcl1. Whereas the XCR1 expression level had an influence on the pace of RCMV-B wt dissemination to the salivary glands, the absence of vXCL1 led to a strong decrease in viral spread. DC migration to the salivary glands was dependent on vXCL1 as well as XCR1 and was markedly reduced when vXCL1 and XCR1 were not present. During infection, CD8+ T cells were recruited to the salivary glands, however, this migration was missing when Xcr1+/+ rats were infected with RCMV-B delta-vxcl1. In conclusion, RCMV has the ability to infect DC regardless of vXCL1 expression. RCMV uses vXCL1 to attract XCR1+ DC which appears to be important for viral dissemination to the salivary glands.

No description available.

De nos jours, les médias sociaux en ligne ont transformé notre façon de créer, de partager et d'accéder à l'information. Ces plateformes reposent sur de gigantesques réseaux favorisent le libre échange d'informations entre des centaines de millions de personnes à travers le monde entier, et cela de manière instantanée.Qu'ils soient en lien avec un évènement global ou en lien avec un évènement local, ces messages peuvent influencer une société et peuvent contenir des informations utiles pour la détection ou la prédiction de phénomènes du monde réel.Cependant, certains messages diffusés peuvent avoir un impact très négatif dans la vie réelle. Ces messages contenant une « infox » peuvent avoir des conséquences désastreuses.Pour éviter et anticiper ces situations dramatiques, suivre les rumeurs, éviter les mauvaises réputations, il est nécessaire d'étudier puis de modéliser la propagation de l'information.Or, la plupart des modèles de diffusion introduits reposent sur des hypothèses axiomatiques représentées par des modèles mathématiques. Par conséquent, ces modèles sont éloignés des comportements de diffusion des utilisateurs dans la mesure où ils n’intègrent pas les observations faites sur des cas concrets de diffusion. Dans nos travaux, nous étudions le phénomène de diffusion de l’information à deux échelles. À une échelle microscopique, nous avons observé les comportements de diffusion selon des traits de personnalité des utilisateurs en analysant les messages qu'ils publient en termes de sentiments et d'émotions. À une échelle macroscopique, nous avons analysé l'évolution du phénomène de diffusion en prenant en compte la dimension géographique des utilisateurs. / Nowadays, online social media has transformed the way we create, share and access information. These platforms rely on gigantic networks that promote the free exchange of information between hundreds of millions of people around the world, and this instantly.Whether related to a global event or in connection with a local event, these messages may influence a society and may contain information useful for the detection or prediction of real-world phenomena.However, some broadcast messages can have a very negative impact in real life. These messages containing false information can have disastrous consequences.To avoid and anticipate these dramatic situations, follow rumors, avoid bad reputations, it is necessary to study and then model the propagation of information.However, most of the diffusion models introduced are based on axiomatic hypotheses represented by mathematical models. As a result, these models are far removed from the users' dissemination behaviors in that they do not incorporate observations made on concrete dissemination cases. In our work, we study the phenomenon of diffusion of information at two scales. On a microscopic scale, we observed diffusion behaviors based on the personality traits of users by analyzing the messages they post in terms of feelings and emotions. On a macroscopic scale, we analyzed the evolution of the diffusion phenomenon by taking into account the geographical dimension of the users.

Numerous studies examine Irish traditional music influencing old-time music, but few examine the influence of old-time on contemporary Irish. As our societies become more global, folk music travels faster and becomes more open to influence. Thes influences can be heard in the music of “Alfi” and “Lankum,” two ensembles steeped in Irish traditional music. This study defines common musical elements of old-time and examines the use of those elements in two recordings: Alfi’s, “Jubilee” and Lankum’s, “The Old Man from Over the Sea.” Much of my data comes from interviews with Irish and American musicians and my own professional knowledge, gaining a deeper understanding of the musical decisions made by members of Alfi and Lankum. This study adds to the formal literature relating to old-time and Irish traditional music. More importantly, it helps fill a gap in the literature by adding to the discussion of the dissemination of traditional music.

Viral marketing allows companies to promote their products and services using very small budgets and the viral ad can be considered the holy grail of digital marketing. In this light, the aim of this study is to discuss the main factors in the existing literature that are considered to boost virality and articulate a summarized Virality Theoretical Model. The empirical study included in this thesis involves the monitoring of an actual ad and an assessment of whether it went viral or not and if it follows the guidelines of the Virality Theoretical Model. The empirical study showed that the ad did not go viral and did not include and display all the attributes proposed by the Model. This further indicates, in regards to theory as well as for marketing executives and advertising practitioners, that virality is a complex phenomenon that depends on several different factors involving both content characteristics and dissemination.