No description available.

No description available.

The objectives of this research were to derive a design 24-hour duration rainfall distribution for use in southwest Florida, and peak rate factors for use in the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) unit hydrograph method for two watersheds, also in the southwest Florida area. The rainfall distribution is derived by applying a least squares polynomial curve fitting technique to National Weather Service hourly rainfall data collected in the study area. The screening criteria for data included in the curve fitting procedure are: storm duration of 18 to 26 hours, at least three inches of rainfall volume, and peak intensity period falling near the center of the storm. The analysis technique includes converting the raw data to dimensionless form which allows the flexibility of applying the 24-hour storm. Peak rate or attenuation factors are determined for the Hickory Creak (2400 acres) and the Gallagher Ditch (300 acres) the U.S. Geological Survey is used for the analysis. The screening criteria for the hydrographs produced from this data include a stable baseflow condition and a single hydrograph peak. The resulting hydrographs provide input to the Soil Conservation Service triangular unit hydrograph. An average of the peak rate factors calculated from the screened hydrographs is taken as the suitable factor for each watershed. The project results are then compared to the currently used rainfall distributions and the SCS peak rate default value of 484. The comparisons are accomplished by modeling a hypothetical watershed using both the SCS unit hydrograph and the Santa Barbara methods. The model Is run on a microcomputer using seven distributions, three return frequency volumes of rainfall, differing watershed sizes, times of concentrations and antecedent moisture conditions. The conclusion recommends a rainfall distribution and peak rate factor best suited to estimate hydrographs.

付記する学位プログラム名: 充実した健康長寿社会を築く総合医療開発リーダー育成プログラム / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第23816号 / 医科博第137号 / 新制||医科||9(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊佐 正, 教授 林 康紀, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka sjuksköterskans preventiva åtgärder för kateterrelaterad urinvägsinfektion. Studien baseras på Goodmans sju steg för systematisk litteraturstudie. Totalt tio vetenskapliga artiklar med varierande kvalitet inkluderades. Artiklarnas söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed och kvalitetsgranskades utifrån ett modifierat granskningsprotokoll. Resultatet visar på en minskning av incidensen av kateterrelaterad urinvägs¬infektion vid utförandet av preventiva åtgärder så som; handtvätt och korrekt fästning av kateterslangen, användning av intermittent och silverbelagd kateter, påminnelseprocedurer om onödiga katetrar och kontroll av kateterdurationen. En mer heltäckande studie angående dessa åtgärder behövs för att dess evidensgrad ska kunna fastställas. / The aim of this literature review was to investigate the nurse preventive measures for catheterrelated urinary tract infection. The study is based on Goodman's seven steps for a systematic literature review. A total of ten scientific articles with varying quality were included. The articles were found in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The quality of the articles was determined by using a modified quality protocol. The result shows a reduction in the incidence of catheter-related urinary tract infection in carrying out preventive measures such as; handwash and proper fixation of catheter tubing, the use of intermittent and silver-coated catheter, a reminder procedure of unnecessary use of catheters and control of the duration of the catheterization. A more comprehensive study on these measures is needed to be able to determine their degree of evidence.

<p>Neurons throughout the auditory pathway respond selectively to the frequency and amplitude of sound. In the auditory midbrain there exists a class of neurons that are also selective to the duration of sound. These duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) provide a potential neural mechanism underlying temporal processing in the central nervous system. Temporal processing is necessary for human speech, discriminating species-specific acoustic signals as well as echolocation. This dissertation aims to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of DTNs through single-unit in vivo electrophysiological recordings in the auditory midbrain of the big brown bat. The durations that DTNs are selective to in echolocating and non-echolocating species are first compared to the durations of each species vocalizations. This comparison reveals that the durations DTNs respond best to correlates to the durations of echolocation calls in echolocating species and to species-specific communication calls in non-echolocating species. The ability of DTNs in the bat to respond to stimulus parameters thought to be important for echolocation processing, such as pairs of pulses and binaural sound localization cues, are subsequently tested. The responses of DTNs to a paired tone spike suppressing paradigm presented monaurally and binaurally are also compared to characterize the role each ear plays in recruiting inhibition known to be involved in duration tuning. The results show that DTNs are able to respond to pairs of pulses at a timescale relevant to bat echolocation, and a majority also responded selectively to binaural sound localizing cues. Nearly half (48%) of DTNs did not show spike suppression to an ipsilaterally presented suppressing tone. When ipsilaterally evoked spike suppression occurred, the effect was significantly smaller than the suppression evoked by a contralateral suppressing tone. These findings provide evidence that DTNs may play a role in echolocation in bats as DTNs are able to respond to the outgoing pulse and returning echoes and localize the echo source and that the neural mechanism underlying duration tuning is monaural in nature.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Auditory neurons selectively respond to frequency and amplitude of sound. In the auditory midbrain, duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) are subsets of neurons that selectively respond to the duration of sound. DTNs may help further understand the neural mechanism underlying temporal processing in the central nervous system. Temporal processing has been shown to play important roles in speech, discriminating species-specific signals, and echolocation. The goal of this thesis is to explore the role of DTNs through single-unit electrophysiological recordings in the auditory midbrain of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). Monotic and dichotic paired-tone stimulation was used to evoke excitatory and inhibitory responses from DTNs. Two stimuli consisted of best duration (BD) excitatory and non-excitatory (NE) tones. In the monotic condition, both tones were presented to the contralateral ear, and when they were close in time, the NE tone always suppressed spikes evoked by the BD tone. In the dichotic condition, the BD tone was presented to the contralateral ear. The NE tone was presented to the ipsilateral ear and suppressed BD tone evoked spiking in ~50% of cells. Properties of the ipsilaterally-evoked inhibition were investigated by varying the frequency of the NE tone from the best excitatory frequency (BEF), throughout a cell’s excitatory bandwidth (eBW). We measured the inhibitory frequency response area, best inhibitory frequency (BIF), and inhibitory bandwidth (iBW) of each cell. We found inhibition became weaker as the frequency of the NE tone moved further from the middle of the eBW. We found that a DTN’s BEF and BIF closely matched, but the eBW was broader than the iBW and overlapped the iBW measured from the same cell. This suggests temporal selectivity of midbrain DTNs are created by monaural inputs, with binaural inputs playing a lesser role in shaping duration selectivity. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>This thesis examines the relationship between migration, residential location, and commute distance within Toronto‟s commuter shed. The study utilizes data from the master file of the 2006 Canadian Census. This master file contains the previous residential locations of recent migrants, thus allowing migrants to be disaggregated by duration of residence. Multivariate regressions indicate that living in the most accessible rural areas and being a recent migrant are significantly associated with longer commutes. Furthermore, the Canadian Census distinguishes between those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the Census, and those who migrated one to five-years prior to the Census date. Findings demonstrate that the commute distance of very recent migrants (those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the census) have the longest commute distances. As residential duration increases, commute distance decreases.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Research in consumer behavior has focused predominantly on how consumers make purchase decisions. However, much less attention has been directed toward examining post-purchase behaviors. In this dissertation, I examine how ownership affects individuals' disposal decisions of their current possessions. In essay 1, I investigate how differences in duration of ownership affect consumers' food waste behaviors. I demonstrate that the same food products are more likely to be wasted as well as wasted more of when they are owned for a longer duration (vs. purchased more recently). I also delineate how this wastage can be reduced. In essay 2, I explore how a specific post-ownership experience, evaluations (positive vs. negative), influences consumers' recycling behaviors, even when these evaluations (e.g., taste of a drink) do not affect recyclability (e.g., of the bottle). I demonstrate that consumers will be more likely to recycle products associated with positive (vs. negative) evaluations, and, thus, will be more likely to recycle a drink's bottle when the taste is evaluated more positively. / Doctor of Philosophy / When thinking about the field of consumer behavior, most might believe it to involve studying how consumers evaluate products and make purchase decisions. Very few might believe that studying post-purchase behaviors also falls within the realm of consumer behavior. Unfortunately, these beliefs are quite common, and are not held by lay people alone. In fact, in the past, even researchers thought of consumer research as being synonymous with buyer behavior. However, researchers now recognize that consumer behavior is a dynamic ongoing process, which does not just start and end with product purchase. In this dissertation, I focus on one type of consumers' post-purchase behavior, disposal decisions. Specifically, I look at how ownership affects individuals' disposal decisions of their current possessions. In essay 1, I focus on consumers' food waste behavior. I study how differences in how long they have owned a food product (duration-of-ownership) affect their food evaluations as well as food waste behavior. I find that even when two food products are otherwise identical (i.e., same manufacturing/expiration dates, not expired, previously unopened), consumers are more likely to waste as well as waste more of the one purchased earlier (a longer duration-of-ownership) than that purchased more recently (a shorter duration-of-ownership). I also suggest one strategy to help reduce this food wastage. In essay 2, I focus on consumers' recycling behavior. I study how product evaluations affect consumers' recycling decisions. I find that even when these evaluations (e.g., taste of a drink) have nothing to do with the container (e.g., bottle of the drink), consumers are more likely to recycle the drink's bottle when they like the taste than when they do not like the taste of the drink.

Gain of function of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5) leads to Long QT Syndrome Type 3 (LQT3). LQT3 phenotype can be exacerbated by expanding the perinexus, which is an intercellular nanodomain with high density of Nav1.5 in the intercalated disc. Following this finding, we found that elevating extracellular sodium and widening the perinexus synergistically exacerbated LQT3 phenotype, Importantly, we also found that perinexal expansion increases the susceptibility to cardiac arrest in aged LQT3, which demonstrated that perinexal expansion is an arrhythmogenic risk especially in aged LQT3 patients. Furthermore, we observed that the perinexus narrows with aging and conceals LQT3 phenotype, which suggests that perinexal narrowing may have a cardio-protective role during aging in LQT3. Surprisingly, following the finding of the synergistic effect of extracellular sodium elevation and perinexal widening on LQT3 phenotype in drug-induced LQT3 guinea pig hearts, we found that this synergistic effect was not observed in genetically-modified LQT3 mouse hearts, which is due to high sodium also increasing transient outward potassium current (Ito). In summary, the whole project investigated the role of the perinexus in LQT3 from different conditions including sodium, aging and species. The findings in this project discovered the importance of perinexal expansion in LQT3 and also the involvement of Ito in sodium regulating LQT3 phenotype in hearts which functionally express Ito channels. Therefore, a LQT3 animal model which has similar electrophysiology close to human may be a great option for translational purpose. / Doctor of Philosophy / Long QT Syndrome Type 3 (LQT3) is an inherited heart disease with the phenotype of long QT interval in ECG. It has been found that LQT3 phenotype gets worse when a very tiny space in the heart, termed as the perinexus, is wide due to cardiac edema. Following this finding, we also found that increasing sodium concentration together with wide perinexus can further exacerbate LQT3 phenotype in guinea pig hearts. Furthermore, we found that widening the perinexus in aged LQT3 hearts causes cardiac death but not in adult, which suggests that perinexal widening worsens LQT3 phenotype and even leads to cardiac death in aged hearts. Besides, we found that the perinexus narrows with aging and there is no difference in LQT3 phenotype between adult and aged hearts, which suggests that the narrow perinexus during aging may protect the hearts from cardiac death in LQT3. Surprisingly, we discovered that increasing sodium and widening the perinexus together fails to exacerbate LQT3 phenotype when compared with widening the perinexus alone in LQT3 mouse hearts, which is due to high sodium increasing transient outward potassium current (Ito). Notably, Ito channels are not functionally expressed in guinea pig hearts. In summary, the whole project investigated the role of the perinexus in LQT3 from different conditions including sodium, aging and species. The findings in this project discovered the importance of perinexal expansion in LQT3 and also the involvement of Ito in sodium regulating LQT3 phenotype in hearts. Therefore, a LQT3 animal model which has similar electrophysiology close to human may be a great option for translational purpose.