Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marly Cutrim de Menezes.pdf: 5560170 bytes, checksum: 9dc3a95bb06194495b2cb621f2af0258 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Maranhão / The present PhD work is a study on educational policies in the countryside of the State of Maranhão, highlighting the materiality of education in the countryside in different instances of civil society and the conquest of their space in society. The educational policy, developed universally and implemented by constructing an educational policy for the countryside, combines the universality and specialty of the right to educate, seeking new pedagogical practices. It establishes a counterpoint between rural education and education in the countryside, and analyzes two programs that address higher education: the National Program of Education and Land Reform (Pronera-Programa Nacional de Educação e Reforma Agrária) and the Program of Support to Higher Education in Countryside Teaching (Procampo- Programa de Apoio à Formação Superior em Licenciatura do Campo). It investigates the training and pedagogical practices of countryside teachers at the level of higher education from the perspective of building a new project of education. In the teachinglearning process the methodology of Alternance is the basis of education. It contributes to a political-pedagogical change at countryside schools, considering that the rise of this new social practice was a response to the right of countryside populations to have the political-pedagogical experiences accumulated by these subjects acknowledged and legitimized by the public system in the appropriate spheres. Joint concern about the training and performance of countryside teachers within the scope of Higher Education is also necessary to improve basic education / O presente trabalho de doutorado trata de um estudo voltado para as políticas educacionais do campo no Maranhão, destacando a materialidade da educação do campo em diferentes instâncias da sociedade civil e a conquista do seu espaço na sociedade. A política educacional desenvolvida de modo universal, concretizando-se na construção de uma política educacional do campo, combina a universalidade e a especialidade do direito de educar buscando novas práticas pedagógicas. Estabelece um contraponto entre a educação rural e educação do campo e analisa dois programas de formação de professores voltados para a formação superior: o Programa Nacional de Educação e Reforma Agrária (Pronera) e o Programa de Apoio à Formação Superior em Licenciatura do Campo (Procampo). Investiga a formação e as práticas pedagógicas dos professores do campo em nível superior na perspectiva da construção de um novo projeto educacional. A metodologia da Alternância é a base da educação no processo ensino aprendizagem, contribuindo para uma mudança político-pedagógica das escolas do campo, considerando que o surgimento desta nova prática social foi uma resposta ao direito das populações do campo para que as experiências políticopedagógicas acumuladas por estes sujeitos fossem reconhecidas e legitimadas pelo sistema público nas suas esferas correspondentes. Faz-se ainda necessária a preocupação conjunta com a formação e atuação do professor do campo no âmbito do Ensino Superior, para melhorar a educação básica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Marcia Mariani Guirardi.pdf: 3210976 bytes, checksum: eee58e3df0e42ba93cbd509205cf8ca2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-06 / The aim of this project is to investigate what teachers of Public Primary Education Schools, in the city of Santos, think about the system of Evaluate Progression, established in the city. As new perspectives, the current survey also aims at discussing the proposed issue in order to subsidize the revision of the public process for municipal evaluation. Initially, a literature inquiry on evaluation and its comprehension was carried out, including its progression, municipal, state and federal legislation and official documents concerning the subject. For the accomplishment of this investigation, a qualitative research was done, involving twenty-five teachers from public schools. The survey permitted the detection of the teachers point of view on Evaluate Progression, established in the period of 2002-2004. The teachers who were interviewed belong to different primary and elementary education schools, and are also from different parts of the city. This survey is based on studies on evaluation which were carried out by Abramowicz, Abrecht, Afonso Janela, Cappelletti, Hadji, Luckesi, Perrenoud, Sacristán and some other theorists in studies which discuss evaluation and Continuing Progression. The achieved results showed that most teachers agree with Evaluate Progression, whereas some of them do not agree with it. The analysis of the answers shows that the majority of the teachers who were interviewed believe that practice has to be subsidized by formative grounds. These evidences of formative practice have been prevalent in their action reports, though many of them still present a concern which identifies them as a practice of rules which is more traditional. They also reveal some contradiction regarding their conception. Finally, there is a consensus among the teachers: evaluation must be at the service of the learning process / Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar qual é a avaliação que os professores do Ensino Fundamental da Rede Pública Municipal de Santos/SP fazem do sistema de Progressão Avaliada, implantado no município. Como novas perspectivas, pretende-se discutir a questão proposta a fim de oferecer subsídios para a revisão do processo público de avaliação municipal. Fez-se, inicialmente, o levantamento da literatura sobre o tema avaliação e sua abrangência, sobre progressão, legislação federal, estadual, municipal e documentos oficiais relativos ao assunto. Para a realização dessa investigação optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, envolvendo vinte e cinco professores da Rede Municipal. A pesquisa permitiu que se detectasse a visão dos professores sobre a Progressão Avaliada implantada nos anos de 2002 a 2004. Os entrevistados pertencem a diferentes escolas do Ensino Fundamental dos Ciclos I e II, de diferentes regiões do município. O estudo amparou-se nos trabalhos sobre avaliação realizados por Abramowicz, Abrecht, Afonso Janela, Cappelletti, Hadji, Luckesi, Perrenoud, Sacristán e outros teóricos, e em pesquisas que discutem a avaliação e a Progressão Continuada. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a grande parcela de professores que concorda com o sistema de Progressão Avaliada e outra que discorda. A análise das respostas mostra que a maioria dos professores entrevistados apresenta uma prática subsidiada por uma visão formativa. Esses indícios de prática formativa aparecem no relato de suas ações, embora muitos deles ainda apresentem preocupações que os identificam com uma prática mais tradicional de medida, o que revela certa contradição em suas concepções. Há entre os professores um consenso: a avaliação deve estar a serviço da aprendizagem

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:17:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Horwa_t de Morais.pdf: 1648914 bytes, checksum: 17ed797c0fdfb776d08d1bdcd73bbf8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / We conducted this study to analyze the dissertations in the Graduate Programs in Education of the State of Paraná discussing the National Integration Program of Professional Education in the Middle School Modality Youth and Adult Education - PROEJA , seeking to identify the ideas presented in around the theoretical assumptions , the evaluation of the implementation and evaluation of policy in order to ascertain to what extent consider the political, economic and social assumptions on which it is produced and implemented the program . Our research has addressed, in particular, the essays that comprise the Project Leads and Potentials of PROEJA in Paraná State. We analyzed nine dissertations in this project which brought together researchers from the Graduate Program in Technology - PPGTE / UTFPR - Federal Technological University of Paraná, the Graduate Program in Education - PPGE / UFPR - Federal University of Paraná and Program Postgraduate Education - PPGE / UNIOESTE - State University of West Paraná. Our work rated dissertations from four categories you deem relevant to understand the political, economic and social assumptions of PROEJA: work as an educational principle, integrated curriculum, policy implementation and evaluation, and avoidance. Given the objectives presented in the introduction, we present our research reporting how was the definition of our object of study, the organization of work, reflections on the state and social policies and the above categories in order to analyze the dissertations. In the second chapter, we tried to rescue the history of youth and adult education in Brazil as well as some notes on vocational education. Still, in this chapter, we make an explanation about PROEJA and some of the assumptions that guide their deployment and implementation. In the third chapter, we present, in fact, the nine essays that make up the Project Leads and Potentials of PROEJA in Paraná State, pointing your route and conclusions. In the fourth and final chapter, organized in a final consideration, we try to reconstruct the route of analysis developed and rescue the proposed questions and persecuted during the research seeking to clarify how the above categories help us to identify the theoretical assumptions, the evaluation of the implementation and evaluation of policy PROEJA. / Realizamos neste trabalho a análise das dissertações defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação do Estado do Paraná que discutem o Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional ao Ensino Médio na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos - PROEJA, procurando identificar as reflexões apresentadas em torno dos pressupostos teóricos, da avaliação da implementação e da política de avaliação, a fim de verificar em que medida consideram os pressupostos políticos, econômicos e sociais em que é produzido e implementado o programa. Nossa pesquisa abordou, de modo particular, as dissertações que compõe o Projeto Demandas e Potencialidades do PROEJA no Estado do Paraná. Analisamos nove dissertações defendidas no âmbito deste projeto que reuniu pesquisadores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia PPGTE/UTFPR Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação PPGE/UFPR Universidade Federal do Paraná e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação PPGE/UNIOESTE Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Nosso trabalho classificou as dissertações a partir de quatro categorias que julgamos relevantes para entender os pressupostos políticos, econômicos e sociais do PROEJA: trabalho como princípio educativo, currículo integrado, política de implementação e evasão e avaliação. Tendo em vista os objetivos apresentados, na introdução, apresentamos nossa pesquisa relatando como se deu a definição de nosso objeto de estudo, a organização do trabalho, as reflexões acerca do Estado e das políticas sociais e as categorias supramencionadas a fim de analisar as dissertações. No segundo capítulo, procuramos resgatar a história da educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil bem como alguns apontamentos sobre a educação profissional. Ainda, neste capítulo, fazemos uma explanação sobre o PROEJA e alguns dos pressupostos que norteiam sua implantação e implementação. No terceiro capítulo, apresentamos, de fato, as nove dissertações que compõe o Projeto Demandas e Potencialidades do PROEJA no Estado do Paraná, apontando seus percursos e conclusões. No quarto e último capítulo, organizado em forma de considerações finais, procuramos reconstituir o percurso da análise desenvolvida e resgatar as questões propostas e perseguidas durante a pesquisa buscando esclarecer como as categorias supramencionadas nos ajudaram a identificar os pressupostos teóricos, da avaliação da implementação e da política de avaliação do PROEJA.

Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se compreender o processo de implantação do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos Formação Inicial e Continuada/Ensino Fundamental (PROEJA FIC) nos municípios de Francisco Morato, Guarulhos, Itapevi, Osasco, São Bernardo do Campo e Várzea Paulista, em parceria com o Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), particularmente quanto à elaboração e aplicação de um currículo que integre a formação profissional e o ensino fundamental na modalidade EJA na perspectiva da formação integral. Para esta finalidade, o estudo valeu-se da metodologia da pesquisa-ação, por meio da análise de documentos, observação de campo, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com diferentes sujeitos participantes do Programa. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que, consideradas as tentativas de integração, as referidas cidades não lograram a constituição de um currículo integrado e a configuração do currículo sofreu a incidência da atuação do IFSP e das diferentes características locais de implantação do PROEJA FIC. Nos municípios, questões relacionadas à inserção do Programa no contexto da EJA, ao tempo de horário coletivo dos professores e ao acompanhamento pedagógico - dentre outras que se referem à responsabilidade assumida pelos municípios na implantação do Programa frente a inviabilidade operacional colocada pelo IFSP - repercutiram na conformação do currículo. No IFSP, as dificuldades existentes ativeram-se às questões de disponibilidade de profissionais para atuarem junto ao Programa, e aos entraves administrativos e culturais da instituição. A pesquisa procedeu, igualmente, à análise da compreensão que os sujeitos envolvidos na implantação revelaram sobre o PROEJA FIC e que influíram - para além das questões estruturais - na configuração que o Programa assumiu nas referidas cidades. A implantação do PROEJA FIC possibilitou para alguns municípios a aproximação com o campo do trabalho e da formação profissional e, em outros, a identificação com ofertas já existentes de articulação da EJA e da formação profissional. Ao IFSP, propiciou defrontar-se com uma nova modalidade, campo e público a serem conhecidos. Dentre as conclusões levantadas pela presente pesquisa, revela-se que, nos casos estudados, ocorreram tentativas de integração entre os conhecimentos gerais e profissionais, mas restritas ao campo da metodologia de ensino, não incidindo propriamente sobre a elaboração curricular. Conclui-se que o PROEJA FIC, quanto aos seus pressupostos e princípios, mostra-se pertinente às necessidades educacionais dos jovens e adultos trabalhadores consideradas a partir do direito à educação, mas, para que este direito se efetive, são necessárias condições estruturais e operacionais para a implantação do Programa - tal como concebido nos documentos oficiais - bem como tempo de apropriação de sua concepção, fundamentada na formação integral e expressa na integração curricular. / This research sought to understand the process of implementation of the National Programme for Integration of professional Education with Basic Education in the Education for Youth and Adults modality - Initial and Continuing Training / Elementary Education (PROEJA FIC), at the municipalities of Francisco Morato, Guarulhos, Itapevi, Osasco, São Bernardo do Campo and Várzea Paulista, in partnership with the Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP) particularly about the development and implementation of a curriculum that integrates professional education and basic education in the Youth and Adults modality (EJA) in the prospect of a integrated training. For this purpose, the study drew on methodology of action research through document analysis, field observation, questionnaire application and interviews with different subjects participating in the Program. The research results show that, considering the integration attempts, these cities have failed to establish an integrated curriculum and the configuration of the curriculum suffered the incidence of IFSP performance and the characteristics of different locations in the implementation of PROEJA FIC. In the municipalities, issues related to the insertion of the Program in the context of EJA, as time of collective time of teachers and pedagogical support, among others, assumed by the municipality in the implementation of the program -forward operational infeasibility put by the IFSP, reflected the conformation of the curriculum. In the IFSP, the difficulties kept to issues of availability of professionals to work with the program, and administrative and cultural barriers of the institution. The research also examined the understanding that those involved in the implementation showed about PROEJA FIC and influenced, in addition to structural issues, in the configuration that the program took in those cities. The implementation of the FIC PROEJA allowed some municipalities to the approach to the field of work and professional education, and other, identification with existing offerings articulation of EJA and professional training. The IFSP, propitiated confronted with a new form field and the public to be known. From among the conclusions raised by research, it is revealed that, in the cases studied, there were attempts at integration between general and professional knowledge, but restricted to the field of teaching methodology, not focusing properly on the curriculum design. The conclusion is that the PROEJA FIC, as its assumptions and principles, shown relevant to the educational needs of young people and adult workers considered from the right to education, but that this right becomes effective, structural and operational conditions are necessary to implement the program as designed in official documents as well as time of appropriation of conception, based on the integral training and expressed in curriculum integration.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2016-02-18T12:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Santos Fernandez.pdf: 2240643 bytes, checksum: fb4617f3cebeec4254b01ecd4ead4698 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-18T12:45:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Santos Fernandez.pdf: 2240643 bytes, checksum: fb4617f3cebeec4254b01ecd4ead4698 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The PARFOR (Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica) is an emergencial initiative for basic education teachers of the public schools that was created to offer free courses of graduation in Pedagogia for teachers who work in the basic education, but didn´t have adequate graduation. This research focuses on two schools´ managers where 12 teachers work from one Education course refunded by Parfor. It´s intends to analyse schools manager´s conditions to support them so that they can consolidate declared gains for them in previous researches. For this, analyze official documents on managers and professionals of the school, in the federal and municipal scope and analyze the everyday routine of these professionals. Three main ideas guide this study: school as level meso of analysis, the paper of the actors in the implementation of policy and the school as place of students and teachers education. The research is supported in studies on the reception of politics in the bases of the systems of education, in this case, schools, (BOWE; BALL; GOLD, 1992; BALL, 1994; MAINARDES, 2006; MAINARDES; FERREIRA; TELLO, 2011), in this case, in schools, and on politics of teacher´s formation, especially, the Parfor (BRAZIL, 2009a, 2009b; GATTI, BARRETO, ANDRÉ, 2011; PESSOA, ARAÚJO, 2013). Concerning management´s approach, it call on Canário (2005), Sander (2007), Silva (2007), Dourado (2007), Vieira (2009), Paro (2012), Libâneo (2008), Luck (2009, 2012) and Lima (2011) and concerning school as a formation place, called on Canário (1998; 2005), Nóvoa (1999), Abdalla (2006) and Cunha (2008). It adopts qualitative approach with documentary analysis, schools observation, and interviews. The analysis of the data points to four main categories: policy as text, policy as discourse, pedagogical-formative management and structure and functioning of the school. Results indicate that managers have legal, personal, professional and material conditions to give pedagogical support to the teachers from Parfor education course; They set clear that the attendance vestige of the basic education in the kinder-garden level, still found in the discourses and the legal functional condition of the teachers act as hurdle for the purposes/intention of the analyzed policy. Finally, it reinforce that, despite of other conditions, each school receives and enact one policy according to its managers performance and leadership. / O PARFOR (Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica) é uma iniciativa emergencial para professores do ensino fundamental da rede pública criada para oferecer cursos gratuitos de graduação a professores que trabalham na educação básica, sem a formação adequada para tal. Esta pesquisa focaliza gestores de duas escolas onde atuam 12 professoras-egressas de um curso de Pedagogia subsidiado pelo Parfor. Intencionou analisar as condições de gestores escolares para apoiá-las para que consolidem os ganhos declarados por elas em pesquisas anteriores, com o curso realizado. Para tanto, analisa documentos oficiais sobre gestores e profissionais da escola, no âmbito federal e municipal e o cotidiano desses profissionais. Três ideias centrais norteiam o estudo: escola como nível meso de análise, o papel dos sujeitos na implementação de políticas e a escola como lugar de formação de alunos e professores. A pesquisa apoia-se em estudos sobre a recepção de políticas nas bases dos sistemas de ensino, no caso, nas escolas (BOWE; BALL; GOLD, 1992; BALL, 1994; MAINARDES, 2006; MAINARDES, FERREIRA; TELLO, 2011) e sobre políticas de formação de professores, especialmente, o Parfor (BRASIL, 2009a, 2009b; GATTI; BARRETO; ANDRÉ, 2011; PESSOA e ARAÚJO, 2013). Para abordar a gestão escolar recorre a Canário (2005, Sander (2007), Silva (2007), Dourado (2007), Vieira (2009), Paro (2012), Libâneo (2008), Luck (2009, 2012) e Lima (2011) e sobre a escola, como lugar de formação, recorre a Canário (1998; 2005), Nóvoa (1999), Abdalla (2006) e Cunha (2008). Adota abordagem qualitativa com análise documental, observação nas escolas e entrevistas. A análise dos dados apontou para quatro categorias principais: política como texto, política com o discurso, gestão pedagógico-formativa e estrutura e funcionamento da escola. Os resultados obtidos indicam que gestores têm condições legais, pessoais, profissionais e materiais para dar apoio pedagógico às professoras-egressas do curso de Pedagogia Parfor. Deixam claro que o resquício assistencialista das creches, ainda presente nos discursos, e a condição funcional legal das professoras atuam como limitadores para os fins da política analisada. Por fim, ratifica que cada escola recepciona e interpreta uma política, entre outras condições, de acordo com a atuação e liderança de seus gestores.

This study originated from personal experience, as a member of a Board of Trustee (BOT) within Kura Kaupapa Maaori (KKM). The workload required for Kura compliance with government regulation and legislation, was phenomenal. The BOT model seemed to be structured on a corporate model of governance with accountability to the Ministry of Education. This contradicted with the needs of Kura whaanau to be involved in Kura decisionmaking. The BOT model unintentionally created a separation and tension between whaanau and BOT members. This research set out to explore the BOT model of governance within our Kura, from a cultural perspective, rather, than researching problems identified by ERa. The research undertook a review of the literature that placed the BOT model within the 1984 -1990 Economic Reforms. It highlighted the impact of past government policies, and administration, on the Maaori language and culture to illuminate the cultural, economic, political and social context of the establishment of Kura Kaupapa Maaori and the doctrine of Te Aho Matua (TAM). The BOT model, and KKM/TAM, are founded on differing values. The study was approached from a Kaupapa Maaori perspective; not wishing to reaffirm the negative stigma of past research undertaken of Maaori. The objectives of the study were to gain an understanding of whaanau cultural capacity, perceptions and understanding of KKM and TAM; and also, whaanau understanding of the BOT model. The research design consisted of a case study. This involved a questionnaire to all whaanau; and in-depth discussions with a sample of twelve whaanau. Appropriate ethical considerations were given to the process, which addressed both academic and cultural needs. Findings clearly identify the structure, and nature of the BOT model, being problematic within the cultural framework of a KKM underpinned by Te Aho Matua. The values and principles between the model and TAM fundamentally conflict. Findings also identify key factors, that both government and Kura whaanau can utilise, in advancing whaanau governance.

This study originated from personal experience, as a member of a Board of Trustee (BOT) within Kura Kaupapa Maaori (KKM). The workload required for Kura compliance with government regulation and legislation, was phenomenal. The BOT model seemed to be structured on a corporate model of governance with accountability to the Ministry of Education. This contradicted with the needs of Kura whaanau to be involved in Kura decisionmaking. The BOT model unintentionally created a separation and tension between whaanau and BOT members. This research set out to explore the BOT model of governance within our Kura, from a cultural perspective, rather, than researching problems identified by ERa. The research undertook a review of the literature that placed the BOT model within the 1984 -1990 Economic Reforms. It highlighted the impact of past government policies, and administration, on the Maaori language and culture to illuminate the cultural, economic, political and social context of the establishment of Kura Kaupapa Maaori and the doctrine of Te Aho Matua (TAM). The BOT model, and KKM/TAM, are founded on differing values. The study was approached from a Kaupapa Maaori perspective; not wishing to reaffirm the negative stigma of past research undertaken of Maaori. The objectives of the study were to gain an understanding of whaanau cultural capacity, perceptions and understanding of KKM and TAM; and also, whaanau understanding of the BOT model. The research design consisted of a case study. This involved a questionnaire to all whaanau; and in-depth discussions with a sample of twelve whaanau. Appropriate ethical considerations were given to the process, which addressed both academic and cultural needs. Findings clearly identify the structure, and nature of the BOT model, being problematic within the cultural framework of a KKM underpinned by Te Aho Matua. The values and principles between the model and TAM fundamentally conflict. Findings also identify key factors, that both government and Kura whaanau can utilise, in advancing whaanau governance.

A prominent idea in the decentralisation and development literature is that decentralisation leads to deeper and stronger community participation. This thesis seeks to examine this argument by investigating the practice of community participation in the Indonesian decentralisation context, focusing on parental participation through access to and control over school financial resources. Drawing on a case study in Depok city, the practice of parental involvement has been explored by identifying the characteristics and the extent of parents’ participation in school management. School Committees (SCs), as a mechanism of community involvement provided by the decentralised education policy, were also examined in this research to develop an understanding of parental representation in school management. The study found that the characteristics and the extent of parents’ participation in school management have changed and decreased significantly as a result of a new Free School Programme (FSP) introduced by the government in 2009 which freed parents from school operational cost. Prior to FSP, parents actively participated in terms of supplying resources and involvement in school meetings, had some access to financial information, and had limited engagement with school budgeting through representation in SCs. However, the new absence of financial contribution by parents has affected parental participation by transforming it into a weaker form of participation where parents act as mere beneficiaries. The study also revealed that in the Indonesian context, the SCs, as institutional channels for community involvement in education provided by the education decentralisation policy, are not effective in terms of representing and engaging parents in school management. Based on the evidence above, this thesis concluded that in the context of the Indonesian education system, decentralisation has not necessarily enhanced community participation. In this respect, decentralisation is not the only possible answer for achieving a meaningful and empowering parental participation in education. Furthermore, other contextual factors surrounding participation also have to be taken into account. While FSP brings the benefit of allowing students to access education freely, the absence of parental financial contribution has been proved to impact parental participation in a way that is contradictory to one of the purposes of decentralisation policy, which is to engage the community in educational management.

This study originated from personal experience, as a member of a Board of Trustee (BOT) within Kura Kaupapa Maaori (KKM). The workload required for Kura compliance with government regulation and legislation, was phenomenal. The BOT model seemed to be structured on a corporate model of governance with accountability to the Ministry of Education. This contradicted with the needs of Kura whaanau to be involved in Kura decisionmaking. The BOT model unintentionally created a separation and tension between whaanau and BOT members. This research set out to explore the BOT model of governance within our Kura, from a cultural perspective, rather, than researching problems identified by ERa. The research undertook a review of the literature that placed the BOT model within the 1984 -1990 Economic Reforms. It highlighted the impact of past government policies, and administration, on the Maaori language and culture to illuminate the cultural, economic, political and social context of the establishment of Kura Kaupapa Maaori and the doctrine of Te Aho Matua (TAM). The BOT model, and KKM/TAM, are founded on differing values. The study was approached from a Kaupapa Maaori perspective; not wishing to reaffirm the negative stigma of past research undertaken of Maaori. The objectives of the study were to gain an understanding of whaanau cultural capacity, perceptions and understanding of KKM and TAM; and also, whaanau understanding of the BOT model. The research design consisted of a case study. This involved a questionnaire to all whaanau; and in-depth discussions with a sample of twelve whaanau. Appropriate ethical considerations were given to the process, which addressed both academic and cultural needs. Findings clearly identify the structure, and nature of the BOT model, being problematic within the cultural framework of a KKM underpinned by Te Aho Matua. The values and principles between the model and TAM fundamentally conflict. Findings also identify key factors, that both government and Kura whaanau can utilise, in advancing whaanau governance.

This study originated from personal experience, as a member of a Board of Trustee (BOT) within Kura Kaupapa Maaori (KKM). The workload required for Kura compliance with government regulation and legislation, was phenomenal. The BOT model seemed to be structured on a corporate model of governance with accountability to the Ministry of Education. This contradicted with the needs of Kura whaanau to be involved in Kura decisionmaking. The BOT model unintentionally created a separation and tension between whaanau and BOT members. This research set out to explore the BOT model of governance within our Kura, from a cultural perspective, rather, than researching problems identified by ERa. The research undertook a review of the literature that placed the BOT model within the 1984 -1990 Economic Reforms. It highlighted the impact of past government policies, and administration, on the Maaori language and culture to illuminate the cultural, economic, political and social context of the establishment of Kura Kaupapa Maaori and the doctrine of Te Aho Matua (TAM). The BOT model, and KKM/TAM, are founded on differing values. The study was approached from a Kaupapa Maaori perspective; not wishing to reaffirm the negative stigma of past research undertaken of Maaori. The objectives of the study were to gain an understanding of whaanau cultural capacity, perceptions and understanding of KKM and TAM; and also, whaanau understanding of the BOT model. The research design consisted of a case study. This involved a questionnaire to all whaanau; and in-depth discussions with a sample of twelve whaanau. Appropriate ethical considerations were given to the process, which addressed both academic and cultural needs. Findings clearly identify the structure, and nature of the BOT model, being problematic within the cultural framework of a KKM underpinned by Te Aho Matua. The values and principles between the model and TAM fundamentally conflict. Findings also identify key factors, that both government and Kura whaanau can utilise, in advancing whaanau governance.