Diploma thesis deals with pupils from socially excluded localities and their education. The theoretical part defines the term socially excluded locality and deals with distinctive features that influence the situation of people living here. The Roma minority, which is often associated with social exclusion, is also characterised, and unfortunately is still frequently represented in socially excluded localities. The main topic is a socially disadvantaged pupil, their needs and current educational opportunities are taken into account. Special attention is given to Roma children and pupils with regard to cultural and ethnic specifics. The practical part is processed in the form of 12 case studies describing individual families from socially excluded localities and their attitude to children's education. The main objective of the research was to identify barriers that influence the education of their children from the parents' point of view. Partial objectives focus on other circumstances that families may have to limit access to school in relation to their social situation. The results of the research point to a close connection between the unfavorable social situation of the family, when these circumstances have a negative effect to the school education of children. Parents themselves perceive these...

The dissertation consists of two parts. In the first part several asymptotic properties of random intersection graphs are studied. They include birth thresholds for small complete subgraphs in the binomial random intersection graph, the clique number in sparse random intersection graphs and the chromatic index of random uniform hypergraphs. Several new methods and theoretically and practically relevant algorithms are proposed. Some results are illustrated with data from real-world networks. The second part deals with asymptotic enumeration and properties of graphs from minor-closed classes in the case when the excluded minors are disjoint. The class of graphs without k+1 (vertex-)disjoint cycles and more general classes of graphs without k+1 disjoint excluded minors (satisfying a condition related to fans) are considered. Typical graphs in such classes are shown to have a simple “k apex vertex” structure. Other asymptotic properties (connectivity, number of components, chromatic number, vertex degrees) are also determined. Finally, it is shown that typical graphs without k+1 disjoint minors K4 have a more complicated “2k+1 apex vertex” structure, and properties of such graphs are investigated. Part of the results is proved in greater generality. A variety of methods from computer science, graph theory, combinatorics and the theory of generating functions are applied. / Disertacijoje yra dvi pagrindinės dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje gaunami keli nauji rezultatai uždaviniams, susijusiems su atsitiktiniais sankirtų grafais. Nagrinėjamas pilnojo pografio gimimo slenkstis binominiame atsitiktiniame sankirtų grafe, didžiausios klikos eilė atsitiktiniame retame sankirtų grafe ir chromatinio indekso eilė atsitiktiniame reguliariajame hipergrafe. Sprendimams pasiūloma keletas naujų metodų, taip pat pateikiami teoriškai ir praktiškai svarbūs algoritmai. Kai kurie rezultatai iliustruojami duomenimis iš realių tinklų. Antrojoje dalyje pristatomi rezultatai grafų su uždraustaisiais minorais tematikoje, nagrinėjamas atvejis kai uždraustieji minorai yra nejungūs. Čia tiriamas asimptotinis grafų, neturinčių k+1 nepriklausomų ciklų, skaičius, rezultatai apibendrinami grafų, neturinčių k+1 uždraustųjų minorų, tačiau tenkinančių tam tikrą „vėduoklės“ apribojimą, klasėms. Įrodoma, kad tipiniai tokių klasių grafai turi paprastą „k dydžio blokatoriaus“ struktūrą, nustatomos kitos tokių grafų asimptotinės savybės (jungumas, komponenčių skaičius, viršūnių laipsniai). Galiausiai parodoma, kad tipiniai grafai, neturintys k+1 nepriklausomų minorų K4 turi sudėtingesnę „2k+1 dydžio blokatoriaus“ struktūrą ir ištiriamos kitos jų savybės. Dalis šių rezultatų įrodoma daug bendresniu atveju. Darbe pasitelkiami įvairūs informatikos, kombinatorikos, grafų, tikimybių ir generuojančiųjų funkcijų teorijos metodai.

This work deals with current problems of Czech society. People living on the margins of society, is often denied access to quality education and employment, which could increase the possibility of reintegration back into society. In one of the groups most affected or at risk of social exclusion are seen for a long time members of Roma communities. The Czech Republic is in the field of social inclusion is often criticized for its passive approach to dealing with excluded Roma localities. Weight of the problem is determined not only by its scope, but also impacts the cost, number of people and sites that interferes. Overcoming social exclusion, which means the position outside the main social and economic dynamics of the country means a return to the process of integration and assimilation and the social structure of Czech society, including social, economic and cultural skills in the dynamics and structure to maintain and manage the necessary competencies and patterns of life manner, in particular its anchoring to education, employment and wages. The first part is devoted to explanation of terms and historical background of development of Roma ethnicity in this country. Mapping is an approach to the Roma to the present. The next chapter deals with the rights and obligations of all citizens of the Czech Republic, development and current legal anchoring of national minorities in the Czech Republic. The last chapter looks at the question of assimilation and integration in the present scale. Roma citizens living in the Czech Republic must assimilate at least as regards compliance with laws, rights and obligations as well as any other citizen of the Czech Republic.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the cooperation of social workers involved in social work applied to Roma families in the socially excluded location "Fišlovka" in Tábor, and to outline the possibility of discussed cooperation in addressing ethical dilemmas related to social work with the target group. The subject of this analysis is an attempt to identify the main reservations and barriers of this cooperation and the possibilities of improving it. The thesis also explores the ethical dilemmas that social workers working with Roma families encounter, and the strategies that they most often use to deal with these dilemmas. The thesis consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts that govern the work topic. The practical part offers an interpretation of data obtained through qualitative research that involved nine respondents among social service workers working with the discussed target group.

The theoretical part of this thesis defines the process of social exclusion and its elements - spatial, economic, cultural, social, political and symbolic. These interconnected elements give rise to crucial areas that are substantially affected by social exclusions - living conditions, employment or ways of making a living, education and medical condition. The following chapters describe the initial situation in the Plzeň locations in 2006 and the situations in the mentioned areas in relation to excluded individuals. The objective of the thesis presented is to describe the development in seven socially excluded locations in Plzeň including their current situation. A qualitative survey was carried out addressing particularly workers in self-administration and non-governmental non-profit organisations, who come in contact with individuals from socially excluded locations. A method of document analysis by means of content analysis of the data was used along with a questioning method via a dialogue. The situation of socially excluded locations in Plzeň has significantly changed in the last five years, as the location labelled as the most problematic one by all informers perished at the end of 2009 and another location suffered changes as a result of the sale of the property. Maintaining or on the other hand cessation of the described localities considerably depend on the town´s housing policy, since the town of Plzeň owns the houses in all remaining locations. Owing to the increasing indebtedness of the population and growing problems in the housing or employment areas, there is a threat of an origination of new socially excluded locations. This thesis contributed to the evaluation of the development in the situation of socially excluded locations in Plzeň, which can give a base to implementing direct measures resulting in joining the inhabitants of these locations as well as in creating preventive measures.

A obesidade é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública em todo mundo. A cirurgia Bariátrica é um dos tratamentos mais efetivos para obesidade grave e suas comorbidades. Entre as técnicas de cirurgia bariátrica, a derivação gástrica em y-de-Roux (DGYR) é a mais utilizada. Esse tipo de cirurgia é caracterizada por importantes modificações anatômicas no trato gastrointestinal, como a exclusão de parte do estômago e duodeno, que promovem perda de peso, resolução de comorbidades, como o DM2, e redução de gastos com a saúde. Por outro lado, casos de câncer têm sido observados no estômago excluso de pacientes submetidos à DGYR. Considerando a evidência de câncer de coto gástrico após gastrectomia de Billroth II para úlcera péptica, as mudanças anatômicas após a cirurgia bariátrica podem aumentar o risco carcinogênico. No presente estudo, utilizamos multiplataformas integradas de análises transcriptômicas e metabolômicas combinadas com análises endoscópicas e histológicas para avaliar mudanças precoces no estômago excluso após DGYR. Três meses após a cirurgia, a combinação das diferentes técnicas nos permitiram identificar: refluxo biliar, alterações na mucosa gástrica com a presença de atrofia, inflamação crônica e metaplasia intestinal, que em conjunto promoveram reprogramação gênica e metabólica local, aumentando a expressão de genes associados com o câncer. Pela primeira vez, os dados iniciais revelados pelo presente estudo encorajam pesquisas mais robustas e sugerem o exame endoscópico periódico após a DGYR / Obesity is one of the most important public health conditions worldwide. Bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB), is an effective treatment for severe obesity that results in the improvement and remission of many obesity-related comorbidities as well as providing sustained weight loss, improvement in the quality of life and reduces health spending. On the other hand, cases of cancer have been observed in the excluded stomach, in patients submitted to RYGB. Using the evidence of gastric stump cancer after Billroth II gastrectomy for peptic ulcer, anatomic changes after bariatric surgery may increase carcinogenic risk. We used an integrated transcriptomic and untarget metabolomics multiplataform combined with endoscopic and histological analysis to evaluate early changes in the excluded stomach after RYGB. Three months after surgery, the combination of the different analysis tools allowed us to identify: biliary reflux, mucosal changes with atrophy, chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia, which promoted local gene and metabolic reprogramming increasing gene expression associated with cancer. For the first time the initial data revealed by our work encourages more robust research and suggests periodic endoscopic surveillance after RYGB

Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo experimental detalhado sobre a fase de formação da configuração a campo reverso, no dispositivo denominado T.C.-I da UNICAMP, com a utilização de dignósticos ópticos passivos em plasmas de hélio e hidrogênio. Para cada tipo de gás, os valores do campo de polarização, pré-ionização com temporização do crowbar e pressão de trabalho foram variados para estudar os mecanismos de formação da configuração reversa de campo, através dos diagnósticos da emissão do plasma, complementados com sondas elétricas e magnéticas, externas e internas. Para a obtenção das condições ótimas de operação da máquina, a chave crowbar, construída no próprio Laboratório de Plasma da UNICAMP, demonstrou ser bastante confiável para essa finalidade, pois o tempo entre o final da pré-ionização e o início da descarga principal era um fator importante para uma boa dinâmica de implosão, sem a interferência das oscilações da pré-ionização sobre a fase principal. Nas operações com o plasma de hélio, a melhor pressão de operação do gás foi de 18 mTorr, obtida através das intensidades da linha de HeII (4686 Â), fotodiodos, copo de Faraday e diagnósticos de fluxo excluído. Os valores típicos da densidade e temperatura obtidos foram de 3.2 x 1015cm-3 e 77 eV respectivamente . O raio da separatriz foi de 2.5 cm, durante 1.5us, decaindo rapidamente após a formação da CCR. As medidas espectrais de HeII e OII(4699Â) no plasma de hélio levaram às temperaturas iônicas de 73 a 180 eV, para uma varredura de pressão de 3.8 a 18 mTorr . Em alguns casos, parece provável ter ocorrido efeitos Stark devido a aquecimentos turbulentos atribuídos a campos elétricos microscópicos de 58 kV/cm. Nas operações com hidrogênio , basicamente todos os processos usados para o plasma de hélio foram mantidos. As linhas espectrais analisadas foram Ha, OII, NII, NIII, CIII, CIV e SiIV, tendo sido obtido, a partir das linhas de impurezas, temperaturas iônicas no centro do plasma , mais altas que as do plasma de hélio . Além disso, as temperaturas fornecidas pelas linhas de potencial de ionização mais altos, como o CIII, CIV, SiIV foram maiores que as obtidas com NII ou NIII. Nesta fase, a temperatura e densidades obtidas para a pressão de 3.3 mTorr foram respectivamente 220 eV e 2.9 X1015cm-3. Semelhantemente ao caso do hélio, algumas descargas apresentaram fenômenos prováveis de efeito Stark, tendo sido estimado um campo elétrico microscópico de 21.8 kV/cm . Verificou-se que a influência de sondas magnéticas no interior do plasma é bastante crítica, produzindo uma queda de temperatura de 235 eV para 139 eV na presença da sonda, quando medido com a linha do NIII e de 532 eV para 253 eV quando obtidas com linhas de CIII e SilV. O raio de separatriz estimado para a pressão de operação de 3.3 mTorr foi de 2.2 em com tempo de vida de 3.0 us. Foi ainda observado um novo modo de operação, com a obtenção de modos rotacionais n=4, observados usualmente em pressões de operação mais altas, de 6 a 35 mTorr. / A detailed experimental study of the formation phase in field reversed configuration device T.C.-I at UNICAMP has been carried out for the first time, using passive optical diagnostics on helium and hidrogen gas plasmas. For each type of gas, the values of bias polarization field, pre-ionization with crowbar timing and gas fill pressure have been varied to study field reversed configuration formation mechanism by using plasma emission diagnostics supported by magnetic and electric external and internal multi array probes. For the machine operation condition results, the use of crowbar switch, built at UNICAMP Plasma Laboratory, has shown very reliable operation, where the interval timing between the end of pre-ionization and main discharge phase played important role on good implosion dynamics with no influence of the pre-ionization bank RLC oscillation into the main phase. In the helium plasma operation, the best fill pressure of 18mTorr was obtained using HeII ( 4686Â) spectrum line, photodiode Faraday cup, IMACON, excluded flux diagnostics. The typical density and temperature estimated were 3.2x1015cm-3 e 75 eV respectively. The separatrix radius of 2.5 cm was obtained for 1.5us, decaying soon after the FRC formation. The spectral measurements of HeII, 0II (4699Â) in helium plasma have shown ion temperatures from 73 eV to 180 eV when the pressure is varied from 3.8 to 35 mTorr. In some cases, probable Stark effects due to turbulent heating during implosion also were observed, attributed to 58 kV/cm microscopic electric field. In the hydrogen plasma operation, basically all the process used in helium plasma also were carried out. The spectral line analyzed were Ha\' OII,NII, NIII, eIII, eIV, SiIV, having been obtained temperatures higher than helium plasma in the center of the plasma, using the impurities line. Furthermore, the ion temperatures from higher ionization potential lines (eIII, eIV, SiIV) were higher than temperatures obtained by NII or NIII lines. The average temperature calculated from NII and NIII spectral line was 220 eV and the density for hydrogen plasma was 15 -3 of 2.9 x 10 cm. The influence of internal magnetic probes was very critical, dropping the ion temperature from 235 eV to 139 eV in the presence of probe, when the temperature is calculated through NIII line or from 532 to 253 eV for eIII and SiIV line calculation. Like the helium plasma, in this case also one has been observed a probable Stark effect, attributed to 21.8 kV/cm microscopic electric field. The separatrix radius estimated for fill pressure of 3.3 mTorr was 2.2 cm with the life time of 3.0us interrupted by decaying of external field. We also observed a new plasma mode operation of n=4, usually present at high fill pressure, from 6 mTorr to 35m Torr.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-05-10T11:47:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andreluizdelimacabral.pdf: 554001 bytes, checksum: e3028558284c335c1a704a20d50fab7d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T12:07:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andreluizdelimacabral.pdf: 554001 bytes, checksum: e3028558284c335c1a704a20d50fab7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T12:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andreluizdelimacabral.pdf: 554001 bytes, checksum: e3028558284c335c1a704a20d50fab7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Este trabalho de dissertação visa apresentar à comunidade acadêmica e à crítica literária especializada uma leitura crítica do romance Clara dos Anjos, investigando a estética adotada por Lima Barreto enquanto meio para a recuperação de discursos identitários minoritários ou excluídos no âmbito da sociedade brasileira nos primeiros tempos da República. Tendo em vista a amplitude da temática que o corpus literário objeto de estudo deste trabalho possui, demonstrou-se importante a utilização de um referencial teórico que reunisse os apontamentos de estudiosos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, com vistas a abordagem não só da criação ficcional, mas também do retrato da sociedade brasileira em que o romance foi escrito. Portanto, visando embasar teoricamente a investigação proposta, utiliza-se como referencial multidisciplinar a obra de diversos autores dentre os quais, Stuart Hall, Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Derrida, Florestan Fernandes, Afrânio Coutinho e Alfredo Bosi. Dada a fundamentação teórica proporcionada pelas obras dos referidos teóricos, buscou-se apresentar uma visão panorâmica do romance Clara dos Anjos, identificando aspectos relativos à formação e à recuperação de discursos identitários historicamente excluídos por uma ideologia hegemônica presente no âmbito da sociedade brasileira, associados à cor da pele, posição social e gênero, além de discutir no âmbito da mencionada obra a ocorrência de questões como identidade, deslocamento identitário e preconceito étnico. / This work aims to present to the academic community and to the specialized literary critics a critical reading of the novel Clara dos Anjos, investigating the style adopted by Lima Barreto as a mean of recovering the minority identity discourses or the excluded ones at the Brazilian society context in the early days of the Republic. Taking the great range of the researched subject into consideration, it was essential to use a theoretical framework that would bring different points of view from specialists of various areas of knowledge, in order to approach not only the fictional creation, as well as the Brazilian Society Portrait, which was the background of the novel. Therefore, aiming to support the theory of the research study it will be used as a multidisciplinary reference, the work of several authors like Stuart Hall, Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Derrida, Florestan Fernandes, Afrânio Coutinho and Alfredo Bosi. From the theoretical framework proposed by the work of these specialists, was presented an overview of Clara dos Anjos novel, identifying aspects related to the creation and recovery of identity discourses which were historically excluded by an ideological hegemony present in Brazilian Society, related to the color of skin, social status and gender. In addition to this, it was discussed the occurrence of issues like identity, identity displacement and ethnic prejudice.

The abstract of the diploma thesis "Positive Formulas for Some Substructural Logics" by Pavel Truhlar We will examine which distributive substructural logics, as defined in the book of Restall "An Introduction to Substructural Logics" have the same positive fragment with and without the weak excluded middle axiom. The main result of this diploma thesis is that some substructural logics have this property. We repeat the basic notions as described in the Restall's book, especially the consecution, natural deduction, frame semantics, Hilbert system. We will use the soundness and completeness theorems. We also will use the equivalence of natural deduction systems and Hilbert systems. All these important theorems are in the above mentioned Restall's book. We make the proof of our main result in the next part. We will use the semantics of frames, similarly as de Jongh and Zhao in the article "Positive Formulas in Intuitionistic and Minimal Logic". We will define the top model. After, we define the construction which converts a model to the top model. We define for each formula the positive part of it; this is the formula, which behaves the same way on the top models as the original formula. We use Hilbert type calculus to formulate our main theorem. We prove our main result using the deduction theorem for certain...

Cette thèse est consacrée à étudier et à améliorer les modèles mathématiques et les méthodes utilisées pour les modèles de solvatation implicite en chimie quantique. Ce manuscrit est composée de deux parties. Dans la première partie où nous analysons l'interface soluté-solvant, nous donnons, pour la première fois, une caractérisation complète de la surface moléculaire lisse, c'est-à-dire la surface exclue du solvant (SES). À partie de cette caractérisation, nous développons un algorithme de maillage par morceaux pour les surfaces moléculaires différentes, en particulier pour la SES, en utilisant la triangulation à front avançant. De plus, la cavité de la SES (la région entourée par la SES) est une description plus précise de la cavité de soluté. Dans la deuxième partie, nous construisons donc un modèle de continuum polarisable basé (PCM) sur la SES, dans lequel le paramètre de permittivité diélectrique est continu. Le problème électrostatique de ce modèle consiste à résoudre une équation de Poisson définie sur R3. Nous développons ensuite une méthode de Schwarz particulière, où seules les équations locales restreintes à des boules doivent être résolues. Enfin, nous étudions le modèle de solvatation de Poisson-Boltzmann, un autre modèle de solvatation implicite, qui tient compte à la fois de la permittivité diélectrique et de la force ionique du solvant. Une méthode de Schwarz similaire est proposée pour résoudre l'équation de Poisson-Boltzmann associée en résolvant des équations locales restreintes aux boules comme pour le PCM basé sur la SES. / This thesis is devoted to study and improve the mathematical models and methods used in implicit solvation models in quantum chemistry. The manuscript is composed of two parts. In the first part where we analyze the solute-solvent interface, we give, for the first time, a complete characterization of the so-called “smooth” molecular surface, i.e., the solvent excluded surface (SES). Based on this characterization, we develop a piecewise meshing algorithm for different molecular surfaces, especially the SES, using the advancing-front triangulation. Further, it has been pointed out in the literature that the SES-cavity (the region enclosed by the SES) is a more accurate description of the solute cavity. In the second part, we therefore construct an SES-based polarizable continuum model (PCM), in which the dielectric permittivity parameter is continuous. The electrostatic problem of this model involves solving a Poisson equation defined in R3. We then develop a particular Schwarz domain decomposition method where only local equations restricted to balls need to be solved. Finally, the Poisson-Boltzmann solvation model, another implicit solvation model, is also investigated, which takes into account both the dielectric permittivity and the ionic strength of the solvent. A similar Schwarz domain decomposition method is proposed to solve the associated Poisson-Boltzmann equation by solving local equations restricted to balls as it is for the SES-based PCM.