[pt] A economia global está promovendo um ambiente cada vez mais ambíguo e competitivo para empresas que operam além-fronteiras. Para suportar a demanda dessa globalização, as empresas multinacionais precisam de expatriados competentes para o sucesso de suas operações no exterior. Essas designações internacionais podem oferecer oportunidades únicas de crescimento e desenvolvimento, mas também exigem que os expatriados se adaptem efetivamente a novos ambientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como o comportamento humilde do expatriado opera em designações internacionais corporativas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 19 gerentes, incluindo expatriados sênior (Assigned Expatriates - AEs) e gerentes de Recursos Humanos /Mobilidade Global. As questões que compuseram o roteiro de entrevista foram divididas nas seguintes categorias: 1. Comportamentos humildes expressos, 2. Relevância do comportamento humilde, 3. Contexto em que comportamentos humildes de expatriados são mais exigidos em designações internacionais; e 4. Efeitos: humildade contribuindo para a adaptação do expatriado. O processo de análise foi baseado na análise de conteúdo, para extrair as percepções dos expatriados e do RHs sobre as categorias abordadas. Os resultados sugerem que a humildade é importante para todos, mas a falta de humildade na Mobilidade Global pode ser um obstáculo. A humildade constrói conexões, confiança e relacionamentos confiáveis e de longo prazo, e contribui muito para a adaptação do expatriado em designações internacionais. O estudo também mostra que a humildade precisa de condições favoráveis para florescer, podendo estar associada à fraqueza, em determinados contextos, como aqueles em que o líder é visto como um herói, ou em culturas que valorizam a competição, o individualismo, a alta distância do poder, o confronto e em momentos que exigem agência. A pesquisa destaca que a humildade cultural é fundamental para expatriados, que lideram com uma mentalidade global. Portanto, as organizações devem aprimorar o processo de seleção, enfatizando a contribuição de um comportamento humilde para os candidatos a uma designação internacional, e oferecer programas de treinamento intercultural que incluam o aspecto comportamental, com foco nas três dimensões da humildade expressa: autoconsciência; valorização dos outros e capacidade de aprendizado. / [en] The global economy is promoting an increasingly ambiguous and competitive environment for companies operating across borders. To support the demand for this globalization, multinational companies need competent expatriates for the success of their operations abroad. These international assignments can provide unique opportunities for growth and development, but they also require expatriates to adapt effectively to new environments. The purpose of this study was to describe how expatriate humble behavior operates in corporate international assignments. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 19 managers, being senior assigned expatriates (AEs) and Human Resources/Global Mobility experts. The questions that made up the interview script were divided into the following categories: 1. Expressed humble behaviors, 2. Relevance of humble behavior, 3. Context in which expatriate humble behaviors are more required in international assignments; and 4. Outcomes: humility infusing expatriate adaptation. The analysis process was based on content analysis, to extract expatriate and HR perceptions about the categories covered. Results suggest that humility is important to all, but lack of humility in Global Mobility can be a road blocker. Humility builds connections, trust and reliable and long-term relationships, and highly contributes to expatriates´ adaptation on international assignments. The study also shows that humility needs favorable conditions to flourish, and it may be associated with weakness, in certain contexts, such as those where the leader is seen as a hero, or in cultures that value competition, individualism, high power distance, confrontation and in moments that require agency. The research highlights that cultural humility is fundamental to assigned expatriates, who lead with a global mindset. Therefore, organizations should improve the selection procedure, emphasizing the contribution of a humble behavior to candidates for an international assignment, and offer Cross-cultural training programs that include the behavioral aspect, with a focus on the three dimensions of expressed humility: self-awareness; appreciation of others and teachability.

No description available.

The education reform efforts in Botswana have focused predominantly on teacher preparation, recruitment and compensation. Recruitment efforts have resulted in a significant number of expatriates working with indigenous teachers in many schools. However, as the schools are currently upgraded and restructured, the quality of the working relationships forged between indigenous and expatriate teachers represents one vital aspect in the reform effort that has gone almost unattended. Many teachers have become dissatisfied and concerned about these relationships, despite compensation and preparation. A decisive first step in attending to these relationships lies in understanding how they develop. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify and describe factors related to the development of working relationships between indigenous and expatriate teachers and illustrate how those factors contribute to the development of these relationships. The study employed a micropolitical perspective and through phenomenological interviews, observation and document analysis, indicated that cultural differences in language and communication, regard for time, handling of student discipline, work ethics and professionalism along with ambiguity and uncertainty, professional and interpersonal obligations, indigenous to expatriate teacher ratio and the interplay of micropolitics are related to the development of these relationships. Results, however, are specific to one school context and should not be generalized. The study recommends management strategies such as provision of programmes for cultural exchange, communication mode standardization, a dean of discipline system, faculty building and further research to redress the situation. / Further Teacher Education / M.Ed.

The literature, for example, Black and Stephens (1989), as well as Marchetti-Mercer (2009), emphasise that mental health professionals may be increasingly faced with the challenges linked to migration and expatriate life. There is also a paucity of information regarding expatriate adjustment in South African psychological literature, and to this end, the aim of this study was to examine how South African expatriate families adjust to a foreign environment like the Middle Eastern city of Dubai. In Dubai, many South African expatriates are employed in sectors such as hospitality, medicine, construction, education, including financial services and it is estimated that the number of South Africans living in Dubai are between 40 000 and 100 000 (The Homecoming Revolution, 2008:1). Expatriate families face the challenges of adjusting to different laws, climates, cultures, religions and social systems. They may experience lack of emotional support, grief, feelings of isolation and loneliness. Unfamiliar living conditions and a change of lifestyle may present as a crisis for certain families, manifesting in family conflict and financial hardship. Given the number of South African families living in Dubai, this study aimed to explore how these families adjusted to the living conditions of this region. A second aim of the study was to use the findings yielded from the data to formulate Gestalt therapeutic techniques, enabling family therapists to assist expatriate families with adjustment difficulties. A phenomenological system of enquiry was employed to study the experiences of six South African families and fifteen members of a focus group. Family members of the six family case studies were interviewed, their experiences audio-recorded, and then transcribed verbatim. Three children elected to provide drawings of their experiences. The focus group discussion was also audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Upon analysis, six common themes emerged, namely, social support, personality factors, environmental conditions, acculturation, grief and disillusion. The findings of the study assisted the researcher in formulating five therapeutic Gestalt techniques that would facilitate and optimise communication amongst expatriate family members. Three of the therapeutic techniques were designed by the researcher, and two were adapted from existing Gestalt techniques. It is hoped that the findings in the present study will assist in amplifying the existing knowledge base regarding Gestalt therapy techniques for families and children, including the current research on expatriate adjustment and the psychological ramifications related to this phenomenon. / Social Work / D. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie studie handel oor derdekultuur-kinders in Suid-Afrika met die fokus daarop om die fenomeen aan ouers, kinders, onderwysers, sielkundiges en ander belangstellendes bekend te stel. Derdekultuur-kinders is die term wat geskep is om kinders te benoem wat vir 'n tydperk tydens hulle ontwikkelingsjare saam met hulle ouers in die buiteland deurbring en hul daar vestig, maar weer na hul vaderland terugkeer. 'n Derdekultuur word geskep indien die kinders dele van hul ouers se kultuur en dele van die kultuur van die gasheerland integreer ten einde geredelik in die gasheerland te funksioneer. Die probleem ontstaan egter wanneer hierdie kinders na hul vaderland terugkeer, aangesien hulle dan nie meer binne hul portuurgroep inpas nie. Die aantal derdekultuur-kinders in Suid-Afrikaanse konteks het sedert 1994 met rasse skrede vermeerder, aangesien al hoe meer internasionale maatskappye Suid-Afrikaners in die buiteland in diens neem en Suid-Afrikaanse ambassades in bykans elke land in die wêreld gevestig is. Die tendens om gesinne saam op die internasionale plasing te neem, veroorsaak dat kinders in verskeie lande gevestig word en in hierdie tydperk aan 'n internasionale en bevoorregte leefwyse blootgestel word. In hierdie studie word 'n literatuurstudie onderneem om die profiel van derdekultuur-kinders, hul kulturele identiteitsvorming en omgekeerde kultuurskok met hul terugkeer na hul land van oorsprong, te ondersoek. 'n Empiriese studie is onderneem om te bepaal tot watter mate die profiele en omgekeerde kultuurskok waaraan Suid-Afrikaanse derdekultuur-kinders blootgestel word, vergelyk met dié soos beskryf in die literatuurstudie. Op grond van die inligting verkry uit vraelyste en individuele onderhoudvoering, en inligting verkry uit die literatuurstudie, is riglyne vir 'n hulpprogram saamgestel waarmee ouers hulle derdekultuur-kinders tydens hulle terugkeer na Suid-Afrika kan ondersteun. Terapeute sonder internasionale ondervinding sal ook hierdie hulpprogram nuttig kan vind. Die studie bevestig dat: * die profiel van Suid-Afrikaanse derdekultuur-kinders grootliks met dié van ander lande ooreenstem; * Suid-Afrikaanse derdekultuur-kinders problematiese her-aanpassing by hul terugkeer na hul paspoortland ondervind; * ouers en terapeute bemagtig moet word om derdekultuur-kinders met hul heraanpassingsprobleme te ondersteun. / This study deals with Third Culture Kids in South Africa, focusing on introducing the phenomenon to parents, children, teachers, psychologists and other concerned parties. “Third Culture Kids” is the term used to describe children who have spent a number of their developmental years with their parents abroad, after which they return to their country of origin. A third culture is created when children integrates the culture of their parents together with the culture of the host country in order to function readily in the host community. The problem arises when the children return to their home country as they then encounter problems adapting and fitting into the local community. The number of Third Culture Kids in the South African context has increased dramatically since 1994, as international companies employed more South Africans abroad and many new South African Embassies were established all over the world. The tendency of having the family accompanying the parents to other countries results in the children residing in various countries and being exposed to an international and privileged lifestyle This study consists of a literature study of the profile and cultural identity-formation of Third Culture Kids, as well as the reverse culture shock they experience on their return to their country of origin.An empirical study is conducted to establish how South African Third Culture Kids‟ profiles compare with that of the literature and whether they are affected by reverse culture shock upon their return to South Africa. The information, gathered by means of a survey and individual interviews and from the literature study, was then used to compile guidelines for a programme with which parents would be able to assist their Third Culture Kids during the repatriation to their country of origin. Therapists without international experience would also be able to benefit from using this programme to assist Third Culture Kids. The study confirms that: the profiles of South African Third Culture Kids have commonalities with those described in the literature; South African Third Culture Kids experience problems on re-entry adapting to the culture of the country of origin; parents and therapists should be empowered to assist and support Third Culture Kids with problems relating to their return to their passport country / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkundige)

Asians and expatriate Africans have been prominent in the SMME economy of South Africa. This work seeks to establish reasons for the growth and competitiveness of SMMEs run by these groups compared to those operated by local citizens. Reasons for this competitiveness are gleaned from existing literature and presented in accordance with the Perren model which attributes the growth of SMMEs to the owner’s motivation, expertise in managing growth, access to resources, and demand. In this work, the Perren model was first applied to Asians and Lebanese in East and West Africa to set a foundation for comparison with the South African situation. This work concluded that it is the four interim growth drivers acting together that cause competitiveness of Asian- or expatriate African-owned SMMEs. Policy recommendations to improve competitiveness of SMMEs owned by local citizens are then suggested at the end. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 327 pages. / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Harold Frederic's The Damnation of Theron Ware (1896) is an important work of American fiction that deserves greater critical attention. My intention in creating a website devoted to Frederic's masterpiece is not only to promote awareness of the novel but also to provide high school and undergraduate students, as well as their teachers, with a resource that will situate The Damnation of Theron Ware within an historical as well as a literary and cultural context. Significant events and discoveries in the fields of science, technology, religion, philosophy, art, and literature shaped Frederic's thinking and writing, particularly the events and characters of The Damnation of Theron Ware. An understanding of this milieu is critical to understanding the issues of the richly complicated novel. / ABSTRACT: The Damnation of Theron Ware, or Illumination as it is known in England, is the story of a Methodist minister who loses his faith when he makes the acquaintance of a Catholic priest, a post-Darwinian scientist, a New Woman, and a pragmatic con artist. In the end, critics are in disagreement as to the extent of Theron's damnation or illumination. A best seller in the 1890s, The Damnation of Theron Ware was heralded as both "the great American novel" and as "anti-American" in its sentiments. Conceived as an ongoing project and research tool, my thesis is an online study guide with annotated bibliography of criticism devoted specifically to The Damnation of Theron Ware. / ABSTRACT: The website is divided into six main sections: (1) the home page, which briefly introduces users to the site, identifies the scope of the project and provides links to other pages; (2) "Harold Frederic," which includes a biography of the author, a timeline of significant events during his lifetime, a select bibliography of his writing, and a sampling of interviews with and articles on Frederic as author and critic; (3) "Bibliographical Studies," which lists bibliographies, checklists, catalogues, critical overviews, and online resources; (4) "The Damnation of Theron Ware," which includes a discussion of the contemporaneous critical reception of the novel, an annotated bibliography of criticism in list form and broken down by subject, a bibliography of dissertations and theses, and recommended discussion questions or topics for essays; (5) a "Glossary," which includes terms that may be unfamiliar to students; / ABSTRACT: and (6) "Links of Interest," which directs users to other websites relevant to a study of The Damnation of Theron Ware. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Darbo tikslas – ištirti ekspatriantų pasitenkinimo darbu įtaką ketinimui išeiti iš įmonės. Darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti uždaviniai išanalizuoti ekspatriantų valdymo esmę, nustatyti ekspatriantų pasitenkinimą darbu įtakojančius veiksnius, išnagrinėti ketinimą palikti organizaciją įtakojančius veiksnius, empiriškai patikrinti ekspatriantų pasitenkinimo darbu įtaką ketinimui palikti įmonę. Darbo pradžioje analizuojama su ekspatriantais, pasitenkinimu darbu ir ketinimu palikti įmonę susijusi literatūra, parenkami literatūroje minimi veiksniai, turintys įtakos ekspatrianto pasitenkinimui darbu. Taip pat literatūros pagrindu konstruojamas teorinis modelis. Vėliau atliktas empirinis tyrimas, kurio tikslas - empiriškai patikrinti siūlomą ekspatriantų kaitos valdymo modelį. Atlikus kokybinį tyrimą buvo suformuluotas galutinis ekspatriantų pasitenkinimą darbu įtakojančių veiksnių sąrašas. Kiekybinio tyrimo metu atlikta ištisinė vienos įmonių grupės darbuotojų apklausa, išanalizuoti modelio veiksnių reikšmių lygiai bei tarpusavio ryšiai. Tyrimas dalinai patvirtino teorinį modelį bei atskleidė ekspatrianto pasitenkinimo lygio ryšį su ketinimu palikti įmonę. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados bei praktinė interpretacija vadovams. / The purpose of this work is to explore the influence of expatriate job satisfaction on propensity to leave the company. List of tasks was established in order to achieve the purpose of the master work, i.e. analysis of the essence of expatriates’ management, identification of the factors that influence expatriate job satisfaction, identification of the factors that influence propensity to leave the company, empirical test of the influence of expatriate job satisfaction on propensity to leave the company. Literature about expatriates, job satisfaction and propensity to leave the company was analysed in the first part of the work. Afterwards, elements that have influence on expatriate job satisfaction were selected. Finally, theoretical model based on the literature analysis results was created. Empirical test was executed in order to test proposed expatriate turnover management model. Final list of elements that have influence on expatriate job satisfaction was created as a result of qualitive research. Later on quantitive research was executed during which means of model elements and relations between them were evaluated. Research partly approved the theoretical model and showed that there was relation between expatriate job satisfaction and propensity to leave the company. Conclusions and practical interpretation for managers was proposed at the end.

New Zealand expatriate artists working in England, Europe and North Africa in the early twentieth century painted a wide variety of market scenes. The subject features in the oeuvre of Frances Hodgkins, Maud Sherwood, Sydney Lough Thompson, Maude Burge, Owen Merton, Robert Procter and John Weeks and made a significant contribution to their artistic development. Like their contemporaries in the artists’ colonies and sketching grounds of England and Europe, New Zealand artists were often drawn to traditional rural and fishing villages and sought to capture the nostalgia of the ‘old world.’ Early exploratory works by New Zealand expatriates have often been dismissed merely as nostalgic visions of colonials, without any real artistic merit. This research offers a re-evaluation of these works, recognising their value as transitional works which illustrate New Zealand expatriate artists experimenting with early modernist trends, as well as revealing prevalent contemporary tastes among the New Zealand public. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the market theme and highlights the aspirations and achievements of New Zealand expatriate artists. This is reflected in both their choice of subjects and in the way in which these were depicted. A key finding of this research is that New Zealand expatriate artists developed a distinctive response towards the market subject. The vibrant atmosphere and activity of the market and colourful views of canvas booths, awnings and costume provided the perfect means of expression for these artists to explore a variety of painterly concerns and techniques, among them plein-air and impressionist painting, watercolour techniques and a modern treatment of colour and light. The hypothesis of a ‘female gaze’ is explored with specific reference to depiction of the market subjects by Frances Hodgkins and Maud Sherwood. Placed within a wider art historical context of images of female market vendors, their market works offer an original interpretation of the female milieu of the European market. Finally, the expatriates’ vision of the exotic and colourful markets in North Africa and Egypt is investigated. They offered an alternative response to more traditional Orientalist interpretations and their Maghrebian explorations were the catalyst for key stylistic developments in colour and form.

The education reform efforts in Botswana have focused predominantly on teacher preparation, recruitment and compensation. Recruitment efforts have resulted in a significant number of expatriates working with indigenous teachers in many schools. However, as the schools are currently upgraded and restructured, the quality of the working relationships forged between indigenous and expatriate teachers represents one vital aspect in the reform effort that has gone almost unattended. Many teachers have become dissatisfied and concerned about these relationships, despite compensation and preparation. A decisive first step in attending to these relationships lies in understanding how they develop. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify and describe factors related to the development of working relationships between indigenous and expatriate teachers and illustrate how those factors contribute to the development of these relationships. The study employed a micropolitical perspective and through phenomenological interviews, observation and document analysis, indicated that cultural differences in language and communication, regard for time, handling of student discipline, work ethics and professionalism along with ambiguity and uncertainty, professional and interpersonal obligations, indigenous to expatriate teacher ratio and the interplay of micropolitics are related to the development of these relationships. Results, however, are specific to one school context and should not be generalized. The study recommends management strategies such as provision of programmes for cultural exchange, communication mode standardization, a dean of discipline system, faculty building and further research to redress the situation. / Further Teacher Education / M.Ed.