Bakgrund: Antalet personer med demenssjukdom i Sverige beräknas uppgå till 150 000. Utav dessa vårdas 55 procent i hemmet av anhöriga. De anhörigas roll och funktion som vårdare i hemmet blir alltmer centralt, då vård och omsorg flyttas från det offentliga rummet till det privata. Att träda in i rollen som anhörigvårdare förändrar livssituationen avsevärt och allt planeras kring demenssjukdomens villkor. Syfte: Att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver hur de anhöriga upplever sin situation av att vårda en anhörig som drabbats av en demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där fem kvantitativa och sex kvalitativa artiklar analyserats. Resultat: Artikelanalysen resulterade i tre teman:  en ny livssituation, förändrad relation och känslomässigt påfrestande. I resultatet framkom att anhöriga rapporterade ohälsa. Diskussion: Anhöriga är en utsatt grupp, som behöver mycket stöd för att de ska orka axla rollen som anhörigvårdare. För att de ska kunna ge den demenssjuke god vård, krävs ett samarbete mellan den anhörige och vården. Kunskapen i studien är användbar för sjuksköterskan och kan användas som ett verktyg för ökad förståelse i mötet med den anhörige. / Background: The numbers of people with dementia in Sweden are estimates at 150 000. Out of these 55 percent cared for a relative at home. The role and function as a caregiver in home are becoming more centralized, when health care move from the public sphere to private enter the role of careers changing life situation considerably and everything is planned around the dementia illness. Aim: To collate and illustrate research that describes how the relative experiences their situation of caring for a relative with dementia. Method: A literature survey in which five quantitative and six qualitative articles were analyzed. Results: Article analysis resulted in three headings: a new life situation, changes in relationships and emotional trying. The results revealed that caregivers reported illness. Discussion: Relatives are a vulnerable group in need of much support to maintain the role as a caregiver. To be able to provide the best dementia care requires a coperation between caregivers and health care. Knowledge in the study is useful for the nurse and can be used as a tool for better understanding of the meeting with the relative.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer which struck women around the world. When a human is exposed to threat or stress, e.g. breast cancer, different coping strategies are used in order to cope with the situation by the afflicted person. The aim of this literature study was to describe how women, who suffered from breast cancer, experienced coping with their situation. Scientific articles were found in the databases Medline (Pub Med) and Cinahl. A total of 14 articles were chosen regarding to the inclusion criteria and were assessed, analyzed and compiled. The result of the study showed that the women coped with their situation with different and varied strategies. These strategies were categorised in all ready known main categories: problem based, emotional, meaning based and religious coping. The sub categories that emerged under problem based were: seek and find support, educate oneself, have a positive attitude and remaining strategies, under emotional; avoidance and distraction, live a normal life, emotionally composed activities, the use of humour, have a passive attitude, under meaning based; acceptance, the will to survive, lean on hope, newfound meaning and personal development, under religious; faith and spirituality, the relationship to God, prayer for strength and support and remaining categories. Altogether the result displayed a variety of coping strategies that were different depending on the person and the unique situation and it is of great importance that medical staff possesses this knowledge in order to understand patients different ways to cope with their illness. / Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen som drabbar kvinnor världen över. När människan utsätts för hot och påfrestningar, som t ex vid bröstcancer, används olika copingstrategier av de drabbade för att hantera situationen. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur kvinnor med bröstcancer upplever att de hanterade sin situation. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna Medline (Pub Med) och Cinahl. Utifrån fastställda inklusionskriterier valdes 14 artiklar ut, dessa värderades, analyserades och sammanställdes. Resultatet visade att kvinnorna hanterade sin situation med olika och varierande strategier. Dessa strategier kategoriserades i de kända huvudkategorierna: problembaserad, emotionell, meningsbaserad och religiös coping. De underkategorier som framkom under problembaserad var; söka och finna stöd, utbilda sig, ha en positiv attityd och övriga strategier, under emotionell; undvikande och distraktion, leva ett normalt liv, känslostillande aktiviteter, använda humor, ha en passiv attityd, under meningsbaserad; accepterande, viljan att överleva, förlita sig på hopp, nyfunnen mening och personlig utveckling, under religiös; tro och andlighet, relationen till Gud, böner för styrka och stöd och övriga strategier. Sammantaget visade resultatet på en mångfald av copingstrategier som var olika beroende på individ och situation och det är av stor vikt att vårdpersonal har vetskap om detta för att kunna förstå patienters olika sätt att hantera sin situation.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund: När människan åldras så förändras inte bara kroppens utseende utan också dessnutritionsbehov. Äldre personer som är i kontakt med vården upplever att de inte får denhjälp de behöver med att anpassa nutritionsvården till sina individuella behov ochförutsättningar. När nutritionsvården inte kan anpassas till patienternas individuella behovså föreligger det risk för försämrad hälsa och ett ökat lidande. Patienterna upplever inte attsjuksköterskorna uppmärksammar deras upplevelser av nutritionsvården. Syfte: Syftet meddetta examensarbete är att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att tillgodose äldresnäringsbehov. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats används för att fåfram sjuksköterskornas upplevelser. De vetenskapliga artiklarna analyseras enligt Evans(2002). Resultat: Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskorna efterfrågar mer utbildning omnutritionsvård för att utveckla sina kunskaper och därigenom kunna säkerställa en god ochsäker vård för de äldre patienterna. Sjuksköterskorna kan känna stolthet men även skam överderas egen insats av att utföra nutritionsvård. Slutsatser: Fortsatta studier kring patientersoch sjuksköterskors upplevelser behövs där deras svar ställs mot varandra för att tydligareupptäcka eventuella problem. Med tanke på att den äldre befolkningen ökar så behövs merkunskap om nutrition till de äldre personerna i samhället.Nyckelord: Kunskap, nutritionsvård, patient, samarbete, sjuksköterska / ABSTRACTBackground: As the human being comes of age, change appears not only in the physicalappearance but also in its nutritional requirements. Elder people who are in contact withhealth care feel that they do not get the help they needed to adapt nutritional care to theirindividual needs and circumstances. When nutritional care cannot be adapted to patients’individual needs, there are risks of impaired health and increased suffering. The patients donot experience that nurses notes their experiences of nutritional care. Aim: The purpose ofthis study is to describe nurses’ experiences of meeting the nutritional needs of the elderly.Method: A qualitative study of inductive approach is used to get nurses’ experiences. Thescientific articles are analyzed according to Evans (2002). Results: The results shows thatnurses want more education on nutritional care to develop their skills and thereby ensure agood and safe care for elderly patients. The nurses can feel pride but also shame related totheir own effort to perform nutritional care. Conclusions: Further studies on patients’ andnurses’ experiences are needed where their responses are set against each other in order tomore clearly identify possible problems. Given that the elderly population increases, morenutritional knowledge is needed for the elderly people in the community.Keywords: Cooperation, knowledge, nurse, nutritional care, patient

: In our designed culture, every environment, object and picture is analyzed from the viewpoint of colour and light. Colour and light play an important role in social life and culture. This paper springs from an epistemological project about concept formation in the field of colour and light. Based on own observations and scientific and scholarly references it presents a graphic model describing possible constituent relations between colour and light experiences. Design is the art of using knowledge – implicit or explicit – about how humans perceive, experience, and relate to the world around. In design all senses are involved, but when dealing with colour and light we can confine ourselves to vision; designers must understand the conditions of visual perception. Human experience of colour and light has many sources; the given cultural context (conventional meanings of colour and light), the direct experience of the world around (colour and light expressions) and the basic perceptual functions (formal aspects of colour and light). There is need for distinct concepts and concise approaches to understand coherence of aesthetic and functional expressions. Design education calls for coherent and well defined structures that can be used to describe connections and distinctions between experiences of different kinds. / Human Colour and Light Synthesis.Towards a coherent field of knowledge

The thesis is intended to illustrate and analyze the role of consumer experience and the authors also take demographic cultural factors into consideration by researching on the consumers’ evaluation towards iPhone experiences.  The authors used both exploratory and descriptive strategies. In order to obtain the primary data, the authors applied multiple methods, including quantitative and qualitative methods, respectively, questionnaire, structured and unstructured interviews. The authors applied SD-logic, Four Realms of Experience, Consumer behavior determinants and Decision making process theories to analyze the role of experience. And in order to answer three research questions, the authors firstly introduced the analysis of demographic subcultures, including nationality, age and gender; then the role of experience marketing in consumer decision making process is identified. Finally, the analysis of qualitative findings will be presented.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the nurse’s work at an emergency department trough a perspective of caring. Method: A literature review has been made of twelve studies published between the years of 2002 – 2012. The focus of all the studies was on Swedish emergency departments.   Results: The researchers found four themes that they choose to use as a way of describing the nurses work in the emergency room as detailed as possible. These themes were: ‘The emergency room’, ‘the nurse’s job assignments at an emergency department’, ‘the patient’s experiences’ and ‘lifeworld and communication’. This study shows that it is problematic for the nurses to give a caring nursing. The emergency department is more focused on medicine than caring, as there are certain parameters to follow as a nurse at an emergency department.  Lack of time and manpower has been a consistent factor in this study to explain the inability to give good caring at the emergency department. Conclusion: High workload leads to short time with each patient. This leads to a lack of patient care in the emergency room. In the short meetings with patients, important information could get lost and this could lead to inferior nursing. This study shows that some nurses developed strategies to make a fast and correct assessment of the patient. Other nurses developed strategies to make the patients feel more comfortable. Examples were to make eye contact, touch the patient in a comforting way and take the time to really listen to the patient during the short time they had with each patient.

Background: The adult inpatient psychiatric care is regulated by law and allows certain amount of coercion, most commonly restraint, forced medication and seclusion. To be treated according to this law you need to suffer from a serious mental disorder, oppose to the care and have an indispensable need of care. Many studies describe patients experiences to be treated with coercion but few about health care workers experiences. Aim: To describe health care workers experiences of performing coercion in psychiatric compulsory care. Method: A literature review was made and eight articles is the basis for the result. Results: From the articles used inthis study four themes were created. These are coercions impact on relations, health care workers feelings during coercion, coercion as a necessary evil and health care workers need for reflection. The themes are presented as headlines in the result. Conclusion: To use coercive measures brings out many different feelings among health care workers. There are both positive and negative aspects about coercive measures, but not enough support and time for reflection for the health care workers that execute them. The health care workers needto be acknowledged and feel that they have made the right decision and that they used coercion as a last resort. The result shows that there is a need for reflection and support among health care workers.

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User interface design is becoming more reliant on user emotional states to improve usability, adapt to the users state, and allow greater expressiveness. Historically, usability has relied on performance metrics for evaluation, but user experience, with an emphasis on aesthetics and emotions, has become recognized as important for improving user interfaces. Research is ongoing into systems that automatically adapt to users states such as expertise or physical impairments and emotions are the next frontier for adaptive user interfaces. Improving the emotional expressiveness of computers adds a missing element that exists in human face-to-face interactions. The first step of incorporating users emotions into usability evaluation, adaptive interfaces, and expressive interfaces is to sense and gather the users emotional responses. Affective computing research has used predictive modeling to determine user emotional states, but studies are usually performed in controlled laboratory settings and lack realism. Field studies can be conducted to improve realism, but there are a number of logistical challenges with field studies: user activity data is difficult to gather, emotional state ground truth is difficult to collect, and relating the two is difficult. In this thesis, we describe a software solution that addresses the logistical issues of conducting affective computing field studies and we also describe an evaluation of the software using a field study. Based on the results of our study, we found that a software solution can reduce the logistical issues of conducting an affective computing field study and we provide some suggestions for future affective computing field studies.

Game reviews play an important role in both the culture and business of games the words of a reviewer can have an influential effect on the commercial success of a video game. While reviews are currently used by game developers to aid in important decisions such as project financing and employee bonuses, the effect of game reviews on players is not known. Additionally, the use of game reviews to improve evaluation techniques has received little attention. In this thesis we investigate the effect of game reviews on player experience and perceptions of quality. We show that negative reviews cause a significant effect on how players perceive their in-game experience, and that this effect is a post-play cognitive rationalization of the play experience with the previously-read review text. To address this effect we designed and deployed a new heuristic evaluation technique that specifically uses game reviews to create a fine-grained prioritized list of usability problems based on the frequency, impact, and persistence of each problem. By using our technique we are able to address the most common usability problems identified by game reviews, thus reducing the overall level of negativity found within the review text. Our approach helps to control and eliminate the snowballing effect that can be produced by players reading reviews and subsequently posting their own reviews, and thus improve the commercial success of a game.