The presented thesis with the title "Business Enterprise" aims to comprehensively analyse the business enterprise as it is governed by the current Civil Code. The business enterprise is one of the key topics at the borderline of civil and commercial law and is an important institute connected with the day-to-day operation of the entrepreneurial activity. The thesis begins with a summary of the historical context, the interpretation of which is contained in the first chapter. The concept of this institute in the 19th century is analysed, thus as a subject of legal relationships, which serves to carry out entrepreneurial activity. As it is also apparent from the chapter, the concept in the second half of the 20th century was considerably different from the present, mainly because the enterprise was perceived as a legal entity. The second and third chapters, which are the main part of the thesis, follow up on the historical introduction. The second chapter deals with the definition of the business enterprise itself, and also proposes answers to the question of whether a single entrepreneur can own more than one business enterprise. An interpretation of the concept of the business enterprise is also given in comparison with the pre-war doctrine and the legal framework of the European Union, which was...

[pt] Este trabalho faz um paralelo entre os estilos de liderança e seu impacto no desempenho das pequenas empresas familiares. A escolha desse universo empresarial partiu da premissa, sustentada na revisão da literatura sobre liderança situacional, de que o papel do líder é mais intenso neste segmento organizacional. Assim sendo, com base em dois estudos de caso comparativos, foram analisadas duas empresas de pequeno porte e gestão familiar do ramo de comércio, escolhidas intencionalmente devido às diferenças no estilo identificado em suas lideranças: transacional e transformacional. Estes dois casos foram analisados com base em dados primários (entrevistas com a liderança e questionários com os funcionários) e secundários (pesquisa documental), onde se buscou relacionar a influência destes estilos no posicionamento de mercado, nas questões financeiras e no clima organizacional. Os resultados gerados foram confrontados com o referencial teórico e a conclusão do trabalho valida a argumentação de que a liderança transformacional induz a resultados mais eficazes; embora não seja possível identificar uma relação causal no desempenho financeiro e mercadológico numa pequena empresa familiar e os estilos de liderança, já que outras variáveis organizacionais também tem forte influência neste processo. / [en] This work draws a parallel between the leadership styles and their impact on the Small Family business Performance. The choice of studying this business world starting from the premise, supported by the literature review of Situational Leadership, that the leader play a more intense role in this segment. Therefore, based on two comparative cases of studies, were analyzed two small family business of commerce branch, chosen deliberately because of the differences in their leadership styles identified: transactional and transformational. These two cases were analyzed based on primary source data (leadership interviews and questionnaires with employees) and secondary data (company desk research) where we tried to relate the influence of these styles in the marketing positioning, financial matters and organizational climate. The results were compared with the literature and the works conclusion agree that the transformational leadership style leads to more effective results, although there are no casual relationship to financial performance and positioning market performance in a small family company and the leadership styles, as other organizational variables also has a strong influence in this process.

Teoretical aspects of family business. Analyse of historic roots of family business. Possible development of family business in the Czech republic. Family wars and conflicts in family business. Situation analyses of three particular family firms in the region of West Bohemia and conception of their development.

[pt] Este estudo visa analisar o desempenho de empresas familiares brasileiras, que abriram capital entre os anos de 2007 e 2012 através da performance das ações a partir do ano de 2013 até 2017, já que o discurso sobre o desempenho dessas empresas é controverso devido aos problemas de profissionalização e governança corporativa, por exemplo. Com base em estudos realizados em outros países, foram testadas se empresas familiares brasileiras tem melhor desempenho no mercado de ações do Brasil (BOVESPA) do que empresas não familiares que também abriram capital no mesmo período. Foi usado o CAPM como método para estimar o retorno esperado e comparar com retorno real das ações de empresas familiares e não familiares. Os resultados indicam que dentre as empresas analisadas, as familiares obtiveram melhores resultados, mesmo não havendo diferença na relação risco e retorno apresentado por empresas de ambos os grupos. / [en] This study aims to analyze the performance of Brazilian family companies, which opened capital between 2007 and 2012 through the performance of actions from the year 2013 to 2017, since the discourse on the performance of these companies is controversial due to the problems of professionalization and corporate governance, for example. Based on studies conducted in other countries, it was tested whether Brazilian family companies perform better in the Brazilian stock market (BOVESPA) than non-family companies that also opened equity in the same period. CAPM was used as a method to estimate the expected return and to compare with the real return of the shares of family and non-family companies. The results indicate that among the companies analyzed, the family members obtained better results, even though there was no difference in the risk and return relationship presented by companies of both groups.

Empirically, self-employed persons often operate with the support of their partners or other household members as co-workers in the firm. The formal or informal employment of the marriage partner in particular seems to have a lot of advantages, such as fiscal benefits and low wage costs. But from a theoretical point of view, these advantages are jeopardized by serious cooperation problems: If the spouse of the self-employed decides to work in the jointly-run business, former qualifications are lost. Hence a one-sided dependence on the part of the co-working spouse arises, which increases with the amount of relation-specific investments. Hence the actors are confronted with a cooperation problem, because the decision for co-working requires trust concerning the future action of the self-employed. Within this framework, this paper is focused on the determinants which influence the decisions concerning collaborating in the business of a self employed life’s companion as well as the extent of labor provided in the case of co-working. It can be assumed that the three types of determinants investigated in this paper affect the assignment of a spouse or cohabitation partner in the business of a self-employment person: (1) economic determinants which are individual productivity and human capital of the life’s companion, (2) the situation of the family and the household, and (3) characteristics of the entrepreneur and the firm. Based on a sample of self-employed empirical analysis indicates that trust and specialization play a crucial role in explaining co-working of the life’s companions of self-employed persons. However, economic determinants like productivity and human capital do not show the expected effects on collaboration.

Empirically, self-employed persons often operate with the support of their partners or other household members as co-workers in the firm. The formal or informal employment of the marriage partner in particular seems to have a lot of advantages, such as fiscal benefits and low wage costs. But from a theoretical point of view, these advantages are jeopardized by serious cooperation problems: If the spouse of the self-employed decides to work in the jointly-run business, former qualifications are lost. Hence a one-sided dependence on the part of the co-working spouse arises, which increases with the amount of relation-specific investments. Hence the actors are confronted with a cooperation problem, because the decision for co-working requires trust concerning the future action of the self-employed. Within this framework, this paper is focused on the determinants which influence the decisions concerning collaborating in the business of a self employed life’s companion as well as the extent of labor provided in the case of co-working. It can be assumed that the three types of determinants investigated in this paper affect the assignment of a spouse or cohabitation partner in the business of a self-employment person: (1) economic determinants which are individual productivity and human capital of the life’s companion, (2) the situation of the family and the household, and (3) characteristics of the entrepreneur and the firm. Based on a sample of self-employed empirical analysis indicates that trust and specialization play a crucial role in explaining co-working of the life’s companions of self-employed persons. However, economic determinants like productivity and human capital do not show the expected effects on collaboration.:Introduction; Determinants for co-working of companions; Data and variables; Empirical results; Conclusion

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