L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner à la fois les dimensions de l’offre et de la demande relatives à l’inclusion financière. Cette recherche présente un ensemble complet de preuves empiriques concernant l’accès aux services financiers, aux niveaux macro et micro-économiques. Le troisième chapitre fournit une exploration de cette hypothèse essentielle. En utilisant des données structurelles par pays, il montre les effets de l’inclusion financière sur la réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités. En outre, il montre les effets bénéfiques des nouvelles technologies sur l’extension de l’inclusion financière et la réduction de la pauvreté. Le quatrième chapitre soutient que la culture financière est un déterminant important de l’inclusion financière des ménages et du bien-être. Basé sur des données d’enquête, il suggère en outre que l’accès aux nouvelles technologies et leur utilisation augmente la probabilité de l’inclusion financière. L’objectif du cinquième chapitre est de déterminer si l’adoption des nouvelles technologies favorise l’inclusion financière des PMEs au Pakistan. L’analyse révèle une association entre l’adoption des NTIC et l’accès de la firme aux services financiers, ce qui implique que les firmes qui ont un meilleur accès ou une utilisation plus intense des nouvelles technologies sont susceptibles de tirer de plus grands avantages des marchés financiers que les autres.Cette recherche contribue à la littérature sur l’accès aux services financiers en étendant l’examen de plusieurs dimensions significatives et complémente les études sur l’impact de la profondeur financière, de la stabilité financière et de la culture financière. / The aim of this PhD dissertation is to examine both the supply and demand sideof financial inclusion. This research presents a comprehensive set of evidence regarding financial access at macro and micro levels. This thesis blends three essays where the third chapter provides insights on the crucial linkages between new technologies, financial inclusion and poverty. Findings have shown poverty and inequality reducing effects of financial inclusion based on cross country data. Moreover, it shows beneficial effects of new technologies in expansion of financial inclusion and poverty reduction. Fourth chapter argues that financial literacy is an important determinant of households’ financial inclusion and welfare. Based on primary data it further suggests that the access toand use of new technologies increase the likelihood of financial inclusion. The objective of fifth chapter is to determine whether the adoption of new technologies promotes financial inclusion for SMEs in Pakistan. The analysis indicates the association between information and communication technologies (ICT) adoption and firm’s access to finance,implying that firms with greater access to and use of new technologies are more likely to benefit from financial markets compared with the others. This research contributes to the literature on access to finance in a more extensive way by examining relatively modern dimensions such as ICTs, digital finance and mobile money. Moreover, this dissertation concentrates on the effects of financial development and ICT on poverty and inequality which is understudied branch in conventional finance-growth nexus.

One of the more pressing long-term concerns for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), such as autism, is financial management (Abbott & Marriott, 2012). Few of these people ever manage to attain a level of financial literacy that allows them to become fully independent. Value, in it’s current form, is just too abstract for many (Cheak-Zamora, et al. 2017). This problem is augmented by our financial institutions, who have neglected to offer these groups any form of accessible financial products, rendering any aspirations of becoming “financially independent” by these groups, as unattainable. This is detrimental to their well-being and sense of self. (Abbott & Marriott, 2012). With this in light, this thesis will firstly highlight the obstacles faced by these groups in achieving financial independence, secondly, it will present a new paradigm through which to look at value. A paradigm that understands that money isn’t about a number, but rather the complex social interactions that that govern our liberties as members of society. Finally, this thesis will present an example of a new breed of fiancial system, Olive. Making use of emerging distributed technologies, Olive presents a system that enables us to produce products that recognises the spectrum of needs and abilities our community contains.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to explore the activities of the countries of the European Union in the district of financial literacy and to draw conclusions and eventually recommendations for the Czech Republic. At first, activities were detected in the district of financial literacy of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Austria and New Zealand and consequently were drew conclusions. Severally countries have developed many projects for improving financial literacy, but financial literacy isn´t still equally high in these countries, as it was showed by research PISA 2012. Next, questionaire relevant to financial institutions was applied to inhabitants of South Bohemia. The research was evaluated graphically and statistically. For statistical evaluation was used test assessment of independence Chi-quadrat for contingent table. The results of own research are very disturbing. Inhabitants of South Bohemia lack knowledge of important financial notions, they don´t know the difference between debit and credit cards and they don´t know, what is the APRC. One of the important results of the questionaire includes trust of the people to staff of the branches of banks or insurance companies. These people would contacted with most respondents in the case of dissatisfaction with the course of financial services. Contrariwise, people behave distrust to financial advisors, a few respondents use their services. The results of research correspond to the general level of financial literacy in the Czech Republic, which was discovered by general methods based on researches of Czech National Bank or PISA before now.

In literary research is to pursue attention laws related with consumption credit. The chapter personal and family finance deals with correct control finance. The final chapter in literary research describes consumption bankruptcy in detail. The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluated consumption credit terms for the clients and possibilities of the clients as they could act in a case of problems with their defaults. Three banks and three nonbank institutions were choosen for the consumption credit terms evaluation. Next, the questionnaire was compiled for practical part of diploma thesis. After evaluation of questionnaire are presented statistics from varied sources. Next, the possibilities of the clients as they could act in a case of problems with their defaults. The diploma thesis is supplemented by solving dispute between debtor and credit provider. The last chapter diploma thesis deals with differences between offer consumption credit ČSOB from the Czech Republic and ČSOB from the Slovakia.

This master's thesis maps the current state of Czech primary schools in the times when the standards defined in the document "Systém budování finanční gramotnosti na základních a středních školách" were implemented into RVP and subsequently into ŠVP as well. The theoretical part describes the issue of financial literacy and progress of the aforementioned implementation into RVP. The next chapter is focused on the first large survey of financial literacy PISA 2012 which was under the auspices of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with analysis of learning materials which are available to help improve financial literacy. I used method of didactic test in my research and its methodology and analysis are described in another part of this thesis.

A Alfabetização Financeira compreende um conjunto de conhecimentos sobre finanças pessoais que pode conduzir um indivíduo a melhores decisões financeiras. O indivíduo é dito alfabetizado financeiramente se é capaz de demonstrar seu conhecimento por meio de ações. Os processos educacionais são a forma de tornar os indivíduos alfabetizados financeiramente, para que atinjam equilíbrio em suas vidas financeiras. Embora assuma-se que a alfabetização possa ser obtida por meio de experiências práticas (e da ativa integração do conhecimento), ela é difícil de ser medida. Isto ocorre porque é difícil apurar quais conhecimentos são necessários possuir, como oferecer estes conhecimentos, como testar se de fato foram compreendidos, e como avaliar se tais conhecimentos serão aplicados corretamente, em cenários onde existe permanente incerteza, nos quais deve ser considerado satisfatório atingir equilíbrio financeiro. Neste contexto, entende-se que a Educação Financeira é um tema complexo a ser desenvolvido pedagogicamente, pois ele envolve questões culturais e comportamentais que ultrapassam as paredes de uma sala de aula. Destacam-se como pontos importantes a complexidade da ação humana, os aspectos emocionais e os vieses comportamentais. Todos estes elementos são relevantes no processo de tomada de decisão, porém, são comumente negligenciados quando o tema Educação Financeira é tratado. Diversos trabalhos apontam a relevância dos projetos de Educação Financeira. Grande parte deles, contudo, indicam que os resultados práticos não são plenamente satisfatórios. Partindo-se desta problemática, este trabalho busca compreender os motivos das dificuldades para o alcance de melhores resultados, além de propor e avaliar abordagens aplicáveis ao ensino deste tema. A investigação se concentrou primeiramente em elencar os fundamentos que norteiam o processo de aprendizagem, analisando fatores relevantes para seu alcance, com o auxílio de recursos tecnológicos. O trabalho inclui a avaliação de projetos de Educação Financeira e os resultados apontados. Por meio deste estudo foi possível identificar e dividir a formação do conhecimento e comportamento financeiros em cinco pilares: técnica matemática, comportamento intrapessoal, reação interpessoal, produtos e conceitos financeiros, compreensão e lógica econômica. Esses pilares englobam os conceitos fundamentais para uma arquitetura educacional a ser elaborada, e atuam como um dos princípios para a concepção de uma plataforma educacional, junto a outros três princípios norteadores: a consideração sobre a ação humana, a tolerância ao erro e o uso de recursos de tecnologia em projetos educacionais. Partindo-se de tais pressupostos, elaborou-se a Plataforma EduCoelho, que integra, em especial, um jogo para estimular a reflexão comportamental acerca de um sonho de consumo: a compra de um automóvel. Além do jogo, desenvolveu-se um conjunto de videoaulas para abordar, de forma explícita e sistemática, conteúdos importantes para que a aprendizagem tenha sucesso. Por meio de pré e pós-testes, avaliação de desempenho e do uso da plataforma pelos usuários do jogo, procurou-se coletar dados sobre concepções prévias, percepções dos participantes sobre questões comportamentais e evidências de aprendizagens. Por fim, este trabalho apresenta a análise realizada, avaliando o processo de desenvolvimento e aplicação da plataforma proposta, a fim de procurar evidências de que a Educação Financeira pode oferecer subsídios e elementos que auxiliem de maneira significativa, podendo repercutir positivamente na vida adulta dos estudantes. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-09-21T16:30:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Eduardo Wartchow.pdf: 2729225 bytes, checksum: ce5885f894daccde1ae2131ff6c18a3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T16:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Eduardo Wartchow.pdf: 2729225 bytes, checksum: ce5885f894daccde1ae2131ff6c18a3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-21 / Financial Literacy comprises a body of knowledge about personal finances that can lead to better financial decisions in an individual´s life. An individual is considered financially literate if one is able to demonstrate knowledge through one´s actions. Individuals become financially literate through educational processes that seek to provide these individuals with the information necessary to achieve stability in their financial lives. Although it is assumed that literacy can be gained through practical experiences (and an active knowledge building), it is very difficult to measure. This is the case because it is hard to assess what skills are necessary to hold, how to offer the knowledge, how to test if the skill was learned, and the evaluation on whether or not these skills will be properly applied in scenarios of continuous uncertainty, in which it should be considered satisfactory to achieve financial equilibrium. In this context, it may be considered that Financial Education is a complex subject to be developed pedagogically, as it involves cultural and behavioral aspects that go beyond the walls of a classroom. The complexity of human action, emotional aspects and behavioral biases are highlighted as important points. All these elements are relevant in the decision-making process, however, they are commonly neglected when the subject Financial Education is treated. Several works point out the relevance of Financial Education projects. Most of them, however, indicate that the practical results are not satisfactory at all. Based on this problem, this work seeks to understand the reasons behind the difficulties in achieving better individual results, as well as to propose and evaluate approaches applicable for teaching when dealing with this subject. This research first focused on describing the fundamentals that guide the learning process while analyzing factors relevant for its attainment with the use of new technology tools. The subject of analysis were Financial Education projects and its demonstrated results. This study states that it is possible to identify and divide knowledge building and financial behavior in five pillars: mathematical technique, intrapersonal behavior, interpersonal reaction, financial products and concepts, overall understanding and economic logic. These pillars act as one of the principles for designing an educational platform alongside three other guiding principles: to consider the human action, the tolerance for error, and the use of technology resources in educational projects. Based on these assumptions, the EduCoelho Platform consists of a game to stimulate the behavioral reflection about a dream of consumption: the purchase of a car. In addition to the game, a set of video lectures was developed to explicitly and systematically address important points in order for the user to achieve a successful learning. Moreover, the game enables the collection of statistics before and after its usage that allows the evaluation of performance while observing participants' perceptions about behavorial issues and learning evidences. In closing, an analysis evaluating the development of the platform is made in order to provide evidence that Financial Education can be helpful in a meaningful way for student’s future life.

Research in retirement planning has found that people are delaying investing in a retirement plan and are missing out on thousands of potential savings from not investing since 401(k)’s are protected against income taxes. This delay of investment could be occurring as a result of choice overload. The current study examined choice overload in the financial context of 401(k) retirement plans in order to find an efficient solution. Social influences and peer effects have been shown to increase retirement plan participation rates. Participants (n=119) were randomly assigned to a control condition or one of two social preferences conditions, one of which had a heavily skewed social preference while the other had relatively equal preferences. Participants were instructed to build a 401(k) and then were asked questions regarding their financial literacy and overload and satisfaction with their decisions. There was no significant effect of social preferences on overload or satisfaction. However, financial literacy was found to be a negative predictor of satisfaction.

Background: Unawareness of most students about how to save and increase their money and changes in global economic conditions create new opportunities and challenges in international business and investment field. Lack of interest from investment companies, banks, funds, estate sellers and rialtos to this interesting and growing group of people, where even bringing up future clients in this young adults can play a big role in future success of the company. Behavior of students and young people is poorly researched, though they often dispose large sums of their own and their parent’s money. Purpose: understand specifics of Russian and Swedish customers, clarify whether they are planning their finance or not, how are they included into rational income allocation process. Find out how illiteracy in financial sphere between exploring group of people affects the behavior of Swedish and Russian citizens towards planning and what are the main differences between this groups. Method: Content analysis Results and contribution: This thesis extends the higher educational literature in the field of personal finance planning by making a contribution to enrichment of knowledge and identification of the main trends in the behavior of young people. The differences between Russians and Swedes will help state governments to make their society more educated and rationale in choosing ways to invest and disburse money and companies from investing field to attract more clients and gain revenue. The new openings can provide a framework for further research.

A Alfabetização Financeira compreende um conjunto de conhecimentos sobre finanças pessoais que pode conduzir um indivíduo a melhores decisões financeiras. O indivíduo é dito alfabetizado financeiramente se é capaz de demonstrar seu conhecimento por meio de ações. Os processos educacionais são a forma de tornar os indivíduos alfabetizados financeiramente, para que atinjam equilíbrio em suas vidas financeiras. Embora assuma-se que a alfabetização possa ser obtida por meio de experiências práticas (e da ativa integração do conhecimento), ela é difícil de ser medida. Isto ocorre porque é difícil apurar quais conhecimentos são necessários possuir, como oferecer estes conhecimentos, como testar se de fato foram compreendidos, e como avaliar se tais conhecimentos serão aplicados corretamente, em cenários onde existe permanente incerteza, nos quais deve ser considerado satisfatório atingir equilíbrio financeiro. Neste contexto, entende-se que a Educação Financeira é um tema complexo a ser desenvolvido pedagogicamente, pois ele envolve questões culturais e comportamentais que ultrapassam as paredes de uma sala de aula. Destacam-se como pontos importantes a complexidade da ação humana, os aspectos emocionais e os vieses comportamentais. Todos estes elementos são relevantes no processo de tomada de decisão, porém, são comumente negligenciados quando o tema Educação Financeira é tratado. Diversos trabalhos apontam a relevância dos projetos de Educação Financeira. Grande parte deles, contudo, indicam que os resultados práticos não são plenamente satisfatórios. Partindo-se desta problemática, este trabalho busca compreender os motivos das dificuldades para o alcance de melhores resultados, além de propor e avaliar abordagens aplicáveis ao ensino deste tema. A investigação se concentrou primeiramente em elencar os fundamentos que norteiam o processo de aprendizagem, analisando fatores relevantes para seu alcance, com o auxílio de recursos tecnológicos. O trabalho inclui a avaliação de projetos de Educação Financeira e os resultados apontados. Por meio deste estudo foi possível identificar e dividir a formação do conhecimento e comportamento financeiros em cinco pilares: técnica matemática, comportamento intrapessoal, reação interpessoal, produtos e conceitos financeiros, compreensão e lógica econômica. Esses pilares englobam os conceitos fundamentais para uma arquitetura educacional a ser elaborada, e atuam como um dos princípios para a concepção de uma plataforma educacional, junto a outros três princípios norteadores: a consideração sobre a ação humana, a tolerância ao erro e o uso de recursos de tecnologia em projetos educacionais. Partindo-se de tais pressupostos, elaborou-se a Plataforma EduCoelho, que integra, em especial, um jogo para estimular a reflexão comportamental acerca de um sonho de consumo: a compra de um automóvel. Além do jogo, desenvolveu-se um conjunto de videoaulas para abordar, de forma explícita e sistemática, conteúdos importantes para que a aprendizagem tenha sucesso. Por meio de pré e pós-testes, avaliação de desempenho e do uso da plataforma pelos usuários do jogo, procurou-se coletar dados sobre concepções prévias, percepções dos participantes sobre questões comportamentais e evidências de aprendizagens. Por fim, este trabalho apresenta a análise realizada, avaliando o processo de desenvolvimento e aplicação da plataforma proposta, a fim de procurar evidências de que a Educação Financeira pode oferecer subsídios e elementos que auxiliem de maneira significativa, podendo repercutir positivamente na vida adulta dos estudantes. / Financial Literacy comprises a body of knowledge about personal finances that can lead to better financial decisions in an individual´s life. An individual is considered financially literate if one is able to demonstrate knowledge through one´s actions. Individuals become financially literate through educational processes that seek to provide these individuals with the information necessary to achieve stability in their financial lives. Although it is assumed that literacy can be gained through practical experiences (and an active knowledge building), it is very difficult to measure. This is the case because it is hard to assess what skills are necessary to hold, how to offer the knowledge, how to test if the skill was learned, and the evaluation on whether or not these skills will be properly applied in scenarios of continuous uncertainty, in which it should be considered satisfactory to achieve financial equilibrium. In this context, it may be considered that Financial Education is a complex subject to be developed pedagogically, as it involves cultural and behavioral aspects that go beyond the walls of a classroom. The complexity of human action, emotional aspects and behavioral biases are highlighted as important points. All these elements are relevant in the decision-making process, however, they are commonly neglected when the subject Financial Education is treated. Several works point out the relevance of Financial Education projects. Most of them, however, indicate that the practical results are not satisfactory at all. Based on this problem, this work seeks to understand the reasons behind the difficulties in achieving better individual results, as well as to propose and evaluate approaches applicable for teaching when dealing with this subject. This research first focused on describing the fundamentals that guide the learning process while analyzing factors relevant for its attainment with the use of new technology tools. The subject of analysis were Financial Education projects and its demonstrated results. This study states that it is possible to identify and divide knowledge building and financial behavior in five pillars: mathematical technique, intrapersonal behavior, interpersonal reaction, financial products and concepts, overall understanding and economic logic. These pillars act as one of the principles for designing an educational platform alongside three other guiding principles: to consider the human action, the tolerance for error, and the use of technology resources in educational projects. Based on these assumptions, the EduCoelho Platform consists of a game to stimulate the behavioral reflection about a dream of consumption: the purchase of a car. In addition to the game, a set of video lectures was developed to explicitly and systematically address important points in order for the user to achieve a successful learning. Moreover, the game enables the collection of statistics before and after its usage that allows the evaluation of performance while observing participants' perceptions about behavorial issues and learning evidences. In closing, an analysis evaluating the development of the platform is made in order to provide evidence that Financial Education can be helpful in a meaningful way for student’s future life.

This research studies the moderating effect of country-specific social connectedness on the relation between financial literacy and stock market participation. This is done by using the extensive and multi-country SHARE data. The positive relation between financial literacy and stock market participation is reconfirmed. Moreover, the findings show that country-specific social connectedness significantly moderates the relation between financial literacy and stock market participation. The findings are robust and indicate that the predictive power of financial literacy on stock market participation decreases if country-specific social connectedness increases. This research is following up on contemporary literature and contributes to the explanation of the stock market participation puzzle on a macroeconomic scale.