Inom intensivvård bedrivs omvårdnad i en högteknologisk miljö. Flera av patienterna är i behov av andningshjälp i form av ventilatorbehandling vilket medför att patienten är sederad och har en endotrachealtub i trachea. Patienten kan inte själv utföra sin munvård och blir därför beroende av intensivvårdsjuksköterskans hjälp. Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans erfarenhet av munvård av intuberade intensivvårdspatienter. Studien utfördes med en fokusgruppsintervju och analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Kategorierna som framkom i studien var att munvård handlar om prioritering, risker, teamarbete och kommunikation, utförande, patientperspektiv och ansvar. Förslag på fortsatt forskning skulle kunna leda till ett validerat bedömningsinstrument för munvård av intuberad patient samt evidensbaserade riktlinjer för munvård. / Intensive care is conducted in a high technological environment. Many of the patients are in need of breathing assistance with the help of a ventilator, which means that the patient is sedated and intubated. The patients can´t perform their oral care by themselves and therefore dependent on the help of intensive care nurses. The purpose of this study was to elucidate critical care nurses' experiences of oral care in intubated ICU patients. The study was performed with a focus group interview and analyzed by a content analysis. The categories that emerged from the study were that oral care is about priorities, risks, teamwork and communication, performance, patient perspective and responsibility. Suggestions for further research could lead to a validated assessment tool for oral care of intubated patients and evidensbased guidelines for oral care.

Objective. Family Therapy (FT) and Family Management (FM) approaches to psychosis have been divided by their understanding of causality. FM holds a biological understanding which has been identified as having negative consequences for the person with psychosis. FT, by exploring family interactions has been criticised for blaming families for causing their relations psychosis. These two approaches have now been integrated, but how causality is discussed in an integrated approach has only now been explored. Design and methods. This qualitative research asked clinicians working in the most established integrated service how they discuss causality. Four focus groups were conducted and a framework approach using thematic analysis was used. Results. Five themes were explored; uncomfortable discussion; constructing a shared understanding; therapeutic style; limiting exploration; and blame. Conclusion. Discussing causality with families was identified as uncomfortable. However, through the development of a therapeutic-relationship three identified tools can be used to construct a shared understanding of causality. The therapeutic style of explorative conversation--based in FT, integrated with the stress-vulnerability model--based in FM, was identified as an important aspect of an integrated model that resolved criticisms levied at each individual approach. Factors that limited exploration were identified as major challenges to causality discussions, but techniques to remedy these problems were also identified. The risk of families feeling blamed/blaming themselves and attempts to avoid/reduce blame made up a dominant theme of the research. The research concludes by challenging the need to avoid/reduce blame, arguing that blame should be openly explored within family interventions.

This bachelor thesis had the aim to investigate how young female students experience their safety situation in their own neighbourhood, around the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Previous research shows that women tend to feel more fear of crime in public spaces than men, and this feeling is restricting their mobility in time and space. This gender structure is a worldwide phenomenon and is by feminist geographers explained as an expression of the patriarchy. A phenomenological approach was used in this research to gain an understanding of how this gender structure is affecting individual female’s lives. The used method was focus group interviews and two groups were interviewed, with totally seven respondents. The sessions were analysed by using constructivist grounded theory and partly narrative analysis. The interviewees explained that there were certain spaces that they experience as dangerous, foremost dark places without visibility and few people passing. They also stated that places where people had been robbed, raped or kidnapped earlier were more threating. The potential criminal was portrayed as a non-student male, and the male students were described as their potential protectors. The fear was always present in their lives, they felt more or less unsafe in all parts of the campus and even in their homes. This threat restricted their daily mobility in both time and space, and they used different strategies to avoid different types of crimes.

This study utilized a mixed methods design. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase of the study, a secondary data analysis of data were collected from a sample (n = 390) of middle and high school students who participated in a truancy pilot program launched during the 2012-2013 school year with follow-up services provided through June 2014. The sample was divided into two groups (treatment and control). The treatment group was diverted from court referral and participated in an intervention consisting of in-home counseling and case management services. The control group was referred to court and went through the traditional court process and received no treatment services. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured through the collection of pre and post intervention data consisting of the number of unexcused absences, disciplinary referrals, beginning and final grades in English, math, science, and social studies. As a final variable, retention and promotion rates were examined. The effectiveness of the truancy reduction intervention was measured by the amount of reduction in these variables following the implementation of the treatment. Data in the first phase of the study were collected by the Family Assessment and Planning Team (FAPT) in partnership with the school district and other agencies. Further analysis was performed in Phase II of the study utilizing a single school case study design. Qualitative case study is an approach to research that allows the researcher to explore a phenomenon within its context using a variety of data sources. For this phase of the study, data were collected through a survey and a focus group using a sample of students from the treatment and control group of the truancy pilot program. The focus group was designed to gain insight from the voices of the students regarding their perceptions of the factors that influence truancy and the effectiveness of truancy intervention. The statistical procedures used to examine the quantitative data included Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Chi Square. Analysis of data collected in Phase I of the study revealed that there was no difference in the effect of treatment for students who were diverted from court to treatment services and those who went through the traditional court process and received no treatment. This finding was supported by results of the analysis of data from the survey and focus group. Results indicated that students did not perceive either invention as being more effective than the other in reducing their truancy. Further, results of the survey and focus group indicated that school factors, not family factors, had the greatest impact on the students’ nonattendance. School factors such as safety, teacher and student relationships, and teacher expectations were identified as primary themes. The findings suggest that the truancy pilot intervention’s focus on family factors as a means of reducing chronic truancy may have been focused in the wrong direction. .

How can movie production companies speak to their potential audience thru movie trailers? Which means do they use and what is the public reception? How does a viewer interpret a movie trailer? What can we learn about viewers from movie trailers? This thesis is offering all the answers to questions mentioned above in two different parts - in the first part the concepts of movie trailers are introduced and explained, the second part analyses the outcomes of a research which studies the affects of movie trailers on potential audience. Collected data through quantitative methods of two uniform groups on the topic of movie trailers were studied by focus groups. This thesis focuses on understanding the approach of viewers on movie trailers and is trying to clarify when the movie trailers can act as a decision maker in order to change the approach and behavior of the audience. Thesis aims to offer a broader overview to the relationship between movie trailers and viewers and propose a guide how to read audiovisual works critically. The intention is to uncover that the scheme between text and context is characterized by complex processes of mediation and interpretation on the level of production, propagation and reception. The outcomes of the study can help to understand how viewers as consumers interpret...

I analyzed the hairy experience of seven women participating or linked to MaYHAIR initiative, through the ex/in-corporation framework (Zeiler, 2013). MaYHAIR is a movement inviting to question the double standards on body hair by challenging people to keep their body hair for the whole month of May. Although previous studies mainly focus on hairlessness and body hair removal, I concentrate in this study case on the - feminine – experience of body hair and the excorporation feeling that realization of the hairless norm may create. I address the acceptance of one’s body hair leading to the acceptance of one’s body; the politization associated with hairiness; the importance of intersectional concern leading to challenging choice rhetoric; as well as the necessity for support and diversity of representations.

O processo de treinamento e desenvolvimento de recursos humanos é um importante instrumento para a gerência e para a assistência, os estudos encontrados acerca do treinamento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) estão relacionados, principalmente, à realização de técnicas assistenciais. Reconhecendo a relevância do preparo do enfermeiro para atuação em UTI e sabendo da valorização que o grupo de enfermeiros da UTI de um hospital privado do município de São Paulo atribui ao processo de treinamento admissional, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Instituição, Hospital Campo de Estudo (HCE). Assim, constituíram-se como objetivos desse estudo: analisar o processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro na UTI, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da UTI do HCE; reelaborar o processo de treinamento admissional de enfermeiro na UTI, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da UTI do HCE e definir o perfil do enfermeiro instrutor do treinamento admissional do enfermeiro. A fim de alicerçar essa reelaboração nos valores e necessidades expressas por esse grupo, optou-se pelo método de investigação, da pesquisa-ação. A técnica de coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de grupo focal, constituído de 11 enfermeiros com mais de três anos nessa UTI. Foram realizadas seis reuniões, totalizando dez horas de trabalho. Ainda, na coleta de dados, foram divulgados os relatórios-síntese dessas reuniões possibilitando a participação dos demais 18 enfermeiros da UTI que responderam aos questionários dirigidos, desse modo, houve contribuição de todo o coletivo estudado. Essa estratégia possibilitou a concretização da tarefa do grupo para além da proposta inicial de reelaboração do processo de treinamento. Em consonância ao perfil desejado para o enfermeiro dessa UTI, ora estabelecido pelo grupo, foram também descritos o conceito, os objetivos, as estratégias, a duração e as metas a serem alcançadas pelo enfermeiro recém-admitido. Para tal, foram construídos o novo instrumento, o fluxograma, o memento e a descrição do perfil do enfermeiro instrutor. Além do trabalho desenvolvido, a pesquisa promoveu no grupo e na pesquisadora a reflexão sobre aspectos intervenientes ao processo educativo, bem como acerca da identidade do grupo caracterizada pelo papel assistencial, pela autonomia de ação e, conseqüente, reconhecimento junto à equipe multiprofissional, o que facilitou, de modo coerente, a reelaboração do processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro da UTI-HCE / The human resource training and development process is an important instrument for management and care-providers. Studies regarding Intensive Care Unit (ICU) training relate especially to the performance of care-providing techniques. This research was developed at a Study Field Hospital (SFH) considering the importance of a nurses training process for performing at an ICU and knowing how ICU nursing staff value the admission training process at a private practice hospital in the city of São Paulo. Study objectives were to: analyze the ICU-nurse admission training process from the SFH ICU nurses standpoint; redesign the ICU-nurse admission training process from the SFH ICU nurses standpoint; and determine the educator-nurse profile for the ICU-nurse admission training process. In order to support this redesigning within the values and needs expressed by the group, the investigational method of action research was adopted. The data collection technique performed was based on a focus group composed of 11 nurses who have worked at this SFH ICU for more than three years. Six meetings were held in a total of ten working hours. Furthermore, during data collection, summarized meeting reports were issued allowing 18 other ICU nurses who answered the guided questionnaires to participate and therefore the whole group under study contributed. This strategy warranted concretization of the groups task further than the initially proposed redesigning of the training process. In agreement with the desired nurse profile for the ICU, now established by the group; concept, objectives, strategies, duration, and goals to be met by a recently-hired nurse were also described. For such, a new instrument, flow-chart, guideline and educator-nurse profile description were conceived. In addition to the work developed, this research fostered both in the group and the investigator a reflection on intervening aspects of the educational process as well as of the group identity, characterized by the care-providing role, autonomy to act and consequent recognition by the multi-professional team which coherently facilitated the redesigning of the nurse admission training process at the SFH ICU

Esta dissertação analisa como professoras mulheres da Rede Municipal de Ensino (RME) de Porto Alegre relacionam seu trabalho docente com os feminismos a partir dadiscussão sobre a narrativa conservadora da ―ideologia de gênero‖ nas escolas. A partir do uso de uma perspectiva sociológica crítica de estudos educacionais, a pesquisa utiliza os conceitos de hegemonia e ideologia para compreender a organização social. Em uma realidade tramada por disputas por hegemonia, em que distintas ideologias se fazem presentes de forma contraditória e pulverizada no senso comum, analisa-se o fenômeno da chamada ―ideologia de gênero‖ – narrativa inventada pelo Vaticano nos anos 1990 como tentativa de interromper os avanços dos Estudos de Gênero e movimentos feministas. Entende-se que, através de uma aliança conservadora entre neoliberais e neoconservadores, esse movimento ―antigênero‖ e ―antifeminista‖ tem-se popularizado no contexto educacional brasileiro. Embora tenha sido constatado debate crescente acerca da temática no campo científico, buscou-se investigar uma perspectiva ainda invisibilizada: a de professoras mulheres. Entende-se que quaisquer mudanças propostas e instauradas na legislação educacional concernem, primordialmente, às mulheres: são elas a maioria absoluta do corpo docente brasileiro da educação básica e, apesar de historicamente organizado e resistente como categoria, o trabalho docente se (con)forma ainda por heranças patriarcais e sexistas Através da condução de dois grupos focais com oito professoras, pretendeu-se observar aproximações e distanciamentos das perspectivas feministas com seus trabalhos docentes, utilizando como disparador dos debates iniciativas ―antigênero‖ e ―antifeministas‖, como as do Movimento Escola Sem Partido. Visibilizando contradições existentes nas dinâmicas sociais, foi possível constatar reverberações tanto dos discursos conservadores quanto dos feministas no senso comum das participantes. Inerentemente contraditório e heterogêneo, o senso comum é permeado também por elementos de ―bom senso‖, que podem causar identificação com discursos baseados no convencimento. Assim, a narrativa da aliança conservadora se dá relativamente bem-sucedida entre as professoras, causando identificação com o uso do gênero como instância biologizante e com elementos de culpabilização acerca de seus trabalhos. Observou-se preocupação de que, uma vez interessadas em desconstruir estereótipos e problematizar desigualdades de gênero/sexualidade, as professoras pudessem estar interferindo negativamente na formação identitária dos alunos Constatou-se também a presença de perspectivas feministas no trabalho docente das professoras que, em suas práticas, procuram acolher e legitimar existências distintas da norma binária e heterossexual e demonstrar olhar atento à (re)produção de desigualdades. Ainda que indiquem uma diferença geracional, cultural e social entre elas e seus alunos – interpretada como efeito da institucionalização de demandas feministas e LGBTT na sociedade e sua popularização no senso comum –, as participantes manifestam empenho em revisar suas noções aprendidas sobre o que é normal para melhor atender seus estudantes. Por fim, observou-se também discurso contraditório entre as professoras sobre a importância de políticas educacionais que proponham o debate de gênero: declaram considerar necessário o debate e, simultaneamente, parecem subestimar a eficácia de políticas. Por outro lado, em função de reconhecerem a existência de um contexto social que tem progressivamente legitimado pautas feministas e LGBTT, consideram inviáveis legislações que proíbam a discussão desse tipo de temática nas escolas. / This thesis analyzes how female teachers in the Public School System (PSS) of the city of Porto Alegre link their teaching practices to feminisms from a discussion about the conservative narrative of ―gender ideology‖ in schools. From a critical sociology of education perspective, the study uses the concepts of hegemony and ideology to understand social organization. In a reality permeated by disputes for hegemony, in which different ideologies are present in a contradictory and pulverized way in the common sense, this thesis analyzes the phenomenon of the so-called ―gender ideology‖ – a narrative invented by the Vatican in the 1990s as an attempt to interrupt the advances of Gender Studies and the feminist movements. Through a conservative alliance between neoliberals and neoconservatives, this ―antigender‖ and ―antifeminist‖ movement has become popular within the Brazilian educational context. Although a growing debate has been present in the scientific field, this study sought a perspective that is still invisible, that of female teachers. Any changes proposed and introduced to educational laws concern women primarily: they are the absolute majority among Brazilian basic education teachers, and, despite being historically organized and resistant as a category, teaching practices are still (con)formed by a patriarchal and sexist heritage. Two focal groups composed of eight teachers examined the approximations and distances from feminist perspectives within their teaching practices. ―Antigender‖ and ―antifeminist‖ initiatives, such as the movement for ―unpolitical schools‖, were used to trigger the debates. Considering the contradictions present in social dynamics, it was possible to verify reverberations of both conservative and feminist discourses in the participants‘ common sense Inherently contradictory and heterogeneous, common sense is also permeated by elements of ―good sense‖, which may make them identify with ―convincing‖ discourses. Thus, the narrative of the conservative alliance is relatively successful among the teachers, making them identify with the use of gender as a ―biologizing‖ instance and with elements of blame within their work practices. Concern was expressed that, because they were interested in deconstructing stereotypes and problematizing gender/sexual inequalities, teachers could be interfering negatively in the students' identity formation. The participants‘ discourses also evidenced the presence of feminist perspectives in the teaching work of teachers who, in their practices, seek to accept and legitimize existences that differ from the binary and heterosexual norm and to be attentive to the (re)production of inequalities. Although they indicate generational, cultural and social differences between them and their students – interpreted as an effect of the institutionalization of feminist and LGBTT demands on society and its popularization in common sense – the participants show commitment to revise their learned notions about what is normal to better serve their students. Finally, there was also a contradictory discourse among the teachers about the importance of educational policies that propose debates about gender: they declare the debate to be necessary, and at the same time seem to underestimate the effectiveness of policies. On the other hand, recognizing the existence of a social context that has progressively legitimized feminist and LGBTT guidelines, they consider that laws prohibiting the discussion of this subject in schools are unfeasible.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTINA MARIA BRILHANTE DA SILVA.PDF: 1529940 bytes, checksum: 7aba7f50418f9237ead026c762846fbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-07 / Resilience can beunderstood as a dynamic process involving a positive adjustment despite of the circumstances of significant adversity. Though, when it comes to families that have children with cerebral palsy, the resilience process is a reality for the mothers interviewed in this research. However, the family s resilience phenomenon is a context that requires investigation from a conceptual and methodological point of view. This paper presents and discusses the coping, possibilities and adversities within the family circle. A notion of applied resilience in Psychology was taken as a basis. Thus, the goal of this study is to spot the resilience strategies of six mothers of kids with cerebral palsy among the numberless risk factors. For this, a qualitative research was employed, so that an action-research was used as an intervention, and the data collection was done by a focus group technique, being performed at APAE in Anápolis-GO. The development was guided by theoretical of the family resilience phenomena grounded in family beliefs of Walsh (2005). During the investigation a systematic chart of resilience process in mothers was obtained, which provides arrow indicators for coping strategies to other mothers in similar situations. From these charts, illustrative charts were elaborate which allowed presenting a general perspective of the attendant s speeches brought up in the focus group. They also made it possible to visualize the mother s common trajectory efficiently and positively. In general, the obtained data emphasizes the coping strategies, the beliefs expressed, in which the most presented were: sense of coherence and meaning, self faith and faith in God; active initiative and shared responsibility. Also, the undertaken actions that happened through the search of specialized treatment to people with cerebral palsy; the pursuit of rights and benefits were also found; furthermore, protection factors such as: APAE; PSF; friend and neighborhood were detected. Although, the results presented, there are others, such as: interaction nature that focused the backing: emotional, material, of information and evaluation. And finally, the other results presented were BPC admission, child s enrollment at APAE; neighbors start to help and specialized care acquisition. In conclusion, family resilience is real and has a lot to contribute and teach not only the families with disabled members, but also any family that faces this conflict regardless its nature. Therefore, the results awake the notion focus groups play a role as an indicator of protection in the family resilience demonstration.(Appendix I). / Resiliência pode ser compreendida como um processo dinâmico envolvendo uma adaptação positiva frente às circunstâncias de adversidade significativa. Entretanto, quando se trata de famílias que têm filhos com paralisia cerebral, o seu processo de resiliência é uma realidade presente nas mães entrevistadas nessa pesquisa. No entanto, o fenômeno da resiliência familiar é um contexto que requer investigações do ponto de vista conceitual e metodológico. Este trabalho apresenta e discute os enfrentamentos, possibilidades e adversidades presentes no círculo familiar. Tomou-se como base a noção de resiliência aplicada na Psicologia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as estratégias de resiliência em seis mães de filhos com paralisia cerebral em meio há inúmeros fatores de risco. Para isso, empregou-se pesquisa qualitativa, de modo que se utilizou a pesquisa-ação como intervenção, e a coleta de dados teve como instrumento a técnica de grupo focal, sendo realizado na APAE de Anápolis- GO. O desenvolvimento foi pautado nos pressupostos teóricos do fenômeno da resiliência familiar fundamentado nos estudos das crenças familiares de Walsh (2005). No percurso da investigação obteve-se uma tabela sistemática do processo de resiliência em mães, que fornecem setas indicadoras para estratégia de superação para outras mães em condições similares. Dessas tabelas, se elaborou gráficos ilustrativos que permitiram apresentar um panorama geral dos discursos das participantes levantados no grupo focal. Também possibilitaram visualizar a trajetória comum das mães de modo eficaz e positivo. Em termos gerais, os dados obtidos enfatizaram as estratégias de enfrentamento, as crenças expressadas, das quais as mais apresentadas foram: senso de coerência e significado; fé em si e em Deus; iniciativa ativa e responsabilidade compartilhada. Como também, as ações empreendidas que se deram por meio da busca de tratamentos especializados para pessoa com paralisia cerebral; ainda verificou-se a procura de direitos e benefícios; o ingresso do filho na instituição da APAE e o solicitar ajuda à vizinhança. Além disso, foram detectados os fatores de proteção apontados como: APAE; PSF; amigos e vizinhança. Embora os resultados apresentados, ainda temos outros, tais como: natureza de interação que enfocou os suportes: emocional, material, de informação e de avaliação. E por fim, os demais resultados apresentados foram: admissão do BPC, ingresso do filho na APAE, a vizinhança passa ajudar e aquisição de atendimentos especializados. Conclui-se que a resiliência familiar é real e tem muito a contribuir e ensinar não apenas às famílias com pessoa com deficiência, mas qualquer família que passa por conflito seja qual for sua natureza. Portanto, os resultados despertaram a noção de que os grupos focais cumprem um papel de indicador de proteção na manifestação de resiliência familiar (APÊNDICE I).

The role of water freight as a sustainable mode of transportation often receives special attention in logistics and transportation. Due to rising environmental concerns UK national policy supports an increase in the amount of freight movements on commercial waterways. Within this context this research investigates the potential for water freight in the South West (SW) UK especially in Cornwall and Devon (CAD). This study is exploratory and following literature searches Delphi methods were selected with which to gather primary data. The research required three rounds of Delphi surveys. Following this, a focus group with the members of the 'Maritime and Waterborne Innovation Group' in the SW UK was conducted to measure the trustworthiness of the Delphi findings. The Delphi study achieved consensus on eight statements. Results indicated that the presence of an extensive coast line with accessibility to several coastal ports is conducive to the effective management of water freight movements in the region. The focus group discussion provided fuller explanations, suggestions and statements of issues which require further exploration for the development of water freight. This study reveals the latest information and possibilities and helped to articulate the importance of using water freight in SW UK. The results of this research also have many implications for the rest of the world where water freight is either in its infancy or aiming to increase its usage. The suggestions, observations and information collected during the Delphi study and from the focus group participants will assist in formulating strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water transportation within a region or a country.