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Student Number: 9710860W School of Education Doctor of Philosophy / The study investigates the extent to which primary school teachers understood and implemented the requirements of the continuous assessment programme that has been introduced in primary schools in Swaziland. By focussing on teaching and learning activities that occurred during eight teachers’ lessons within the Salesian-Ekutsimuleni zone in Manzini, and what they expressed as intentions and justifications for these activities, it tries to clarify, in particular, the relationship between their assessment strategies and the broader educational principles promoted by the programme. Classroom observations and stimulated interviews were used to capture, respectively, data on what teachers did and principles that informed their behaviour. Codes abstracted from classroom observations and grounded on the views expressed by teachers indicate that they followed slavishly what was contained in the curriculum support materials with which they had been provided. Even though they used assessment strategies promoted by the Continual Assessment (CA) programme, their assessment strategies prioritized knowledge-retention rather than the cognitive development advocated by the programme and, in a specific sense, implied by lesson objectives they had to fulfil. The conclusion is that teachers could not translate the rhetoric of the CA programme into relevant professional judgement, decisions and practices without exposure to meaningful development programmes. Key Words Swaziland, Continuous Assessment, Criterion - Referenced Assessment, Mastery learning, Fordism, Post-Fordism

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:10:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_PAULO ROBERTO CAMPELO FONSECA E FONSECA.pdf: 1215803 bytes, checksum: 2a6c4426024e7dd6299566c1f5a1a952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Demonstrate and purposes that vocational education takes on Brazil in the XXI Century is the objective of this work. To this was done a study of the Fordist State and his quest for full employment, as well as the post-Fordist and his search for employability State. In the Brazilian context showed how professional education becomes a means to the restructuring process in the passage from the twentieth to the twenty-first century. This transformation in education from Fordism to post-Fordism in your peripheral way in Brazil, mainly characterized by the increase in workers' education level guided in Toyotism, and changing a professional education focused on promoting only technical skill, one focused on the promotion of personal skills. Thus, presence up from the twenty-first century, the deployment of a new professional education that will meet the requirements of the new capital accumulation regime passing emerge in Brazil. / Demonstrar a forma e os propósitos que a educação profissional assume no Brasil no Século XXI é o objetivo deste trabalho. Para isso foi feito um estudo do Estado fordista e de sua busca pelo pleno emprego, bem como do Estado pós-fordista e sua busca pela empregabilidade. No contexto brasileiro mostramos como a educação profissional transforma-se em meio à reestruturação produtiva na passagem do século XX para o século XXI. Essa transformação na educação profissional do fordismo para o pós-fordismo em sua forma periférica no Brasil, caracteriza-se principalmente pelo aumento no nível de escolaridade dos trabalhadores pautado no toyotismo, e na mudança de uma educação profissional voltada para promover somente qualificação técnica, por uma voltada para a promoção de competências pessoais. Assim, presencia-se a partir do século XXI, o desdobramento de uma nova educação profissional que venha a atender as exigências do novo regime de acumulação do capital que passa emergir no Brasil.

This dissertation analyzes the ways in which the new mode of industrial organization associating mass production with mass consumption in the early twentieth century--what we call Fordism--had profound cultural repercussions on urban spatial practices. I address Fordism as a mode of socialization that deployed industrial techniques to reconstitute the very nature of social relations. This attempt at broad socialization through technological means reflected a type of technical thought coalescing in the industrial practices of the early twentieth century that both brought spatial practices into its service and radically altered existing social relations. As such, Fordist ideas formulated to address efficiency in industrial production extended to the city, its architecture, and its inhabitants, construing them as technological artifacts subject to the same economies of scope and scale, and requirements of production and consumption as the manufacture of automobiles, demonstrating that Fordist modes of production permeated not just manufacturing processes but also the organization of management structures, the architectural layout of factories and offices, the social spaces of the city, and popular conceptions of individuality, subjectivity, and the body.

Liberal-democratic theories of knowledge work suggest that labour and capital are no longer at odds in the information society. This dissertation critiques such a position, proposing that knowledge worker professions, or ones it describes as involving forms of immaterial labour, are subject to new regimes of exploitation and emergent modes of resistance within post-Fordism. The study begins by surveying competing theoretical perspectives on knowledge work, and moves on to consider the ethical questions, epistemological foundations, and methodological choices involved in carrying out engaged inquiries into collective organization by immaterial labourers. The dissertation’s empirical contribution is comprised of three case studies of labour organization by knowledge workers. The first is the Washington Alliance of Technology Workers, an “open-source” union formed in 1998 by contract workers at Microsoft. The second is the Aliant clerical/call-centre workers in Moncton, New Brunswick, who certified a bargaining unit through the Communication, Energy and Paperworkers Union in 2001. The third is the Collettivo PrecariAtesia, a self-organized group of Roman workers formed at Atesia, Europe’s largest call centre, in 2004. Drawing on these and other contemporary examples, the dissertation suggests that, in its most promising articulations, the organization of immaterial labour is occurring at the intersection of spontaneous struggles by workers and a process of union renewal underway within certain sectors of the established labour movement. These cases also point to the potential of collective organizing occurring around precarity, or the increasing financial and existential insecurity arising from the flexibilization of labour. Both of these processes, the dissertation concludes, involve a process of adaptation to post-Fordism, in which new forms of organization, new subjectivities, and new social demands are being produced. / Thesis (Ph.D, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2008-06-11 13:37:24.045

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2007.

This dissertation recontextualizes literary, critical, and popular models of nature in contemporary American fiction, and argues that the transformations in the post-Fordist economy reframe environmental concepts and their uses in a new light. Scholars in the environmental humanities have long recognized that understanding changes in the political economy are a key way to understanding our ideas and representations of the natural world. These ideas serve as metaphysical models that relate individuals to society and to the broader world described by the sciences. However, much environmental criticism only goes so far as to historicize, either arguing that images of nature are wholly determined by structures and institutions of power, or, by privileging certain ideas of nature as absolute, critics lay claim to an imagined oppositional, but no less normative, space outside of society. Nature Industries intervenes in this dilemma by drawing on pragmatist and cultural studies methods to reconstruct the experience of American life in the aftermath of Fordism. Constructing this historical conjuncture enables interpretive practices which foreground the diverse political articulation of environmental figuration. The title is a play on Horkheimer and Adorno’s 1944 essay on “the culture industry,” which announced that cultural production had been subsumed into monopoly capitalism. Following culture, nature has undergone a similar loss of perceived autonomy. From the affective to the biogenetic, informational to the atmospheric, post-Fordist technologies and economies intervene in the world at scales that previous vocabularies struggle to describe without the help of fiction. Contemporary capitalism not only produces new natures—new combinations of nature and culture, or new “natural-history”—but, given the ecological consequences of industrialism, environmentalists too are forced to intervene in ways that would give pause to previous generations of conservationists. Rather than announcing the “death of Nature,” as the fictionalized Immanuel Kant does in the final moments of Mary McCarthy’s Birds of America (1971), we encounter a proliferation of natures, each with their own political valence, and each mobilizing a different set of social and natural referents in the public sphere.

This dissertation focuses on contemporary American fiction that explores the intertwined histories of genetics and industrialism. I argue that Jeffrey Eugenides, Louise Erdrich, and Richard Powers interpret industrial and scientific texts from the early twentieth century to tell a previously untold history of the era. Emphasizing the connections between emerging understandings of genetics and new methods of manufacturing, they present the story of how the gene made life seem buildable. These writers trace fantasies of the literal mass production of Americans, exposing how immigrants, Native Americans, and women became particular targets of an industrial impulse toward standardization. Yet the novels in my study also recover an alternative history of the gene, in which it possesses a range of abilities enabling it to resist efforts to industrialize not just social, but also organismal, life. Genes are portrayed in these fictions as agents of transformation as well as replication, thus inspiring optimism about the possibility of unsettling the future of corporate capitalism in American life. Chapter One argues that Jeffrey Eugenides' Middlesex draws parallels between Henry Ford's factory, Thomas Hunt Morgan's genetic laboratory, and the Stephanides family lineage to show how naturally occurring mutations subvert the pursuit of exact reproduction. Chapter Two examines Louise Erdrich's Tracks, and its portrayal of the Pinkham Medicine Company's commercial hybridization of plants. Pointing to the genetic reversion that often accompanies hybridity, Erdrich undermines Pinkham's efforts to cultivate a uniform American populace from diverse racial roots. Chapter Three discusses Richard Powers' depiction of corporatization in Gain, focusing on Procter and Gamble's pursuit of self-perpetuation by crossing not merely into legal, but also embodied, personhood. Turning to chromosomal chiasmus as a mechanism that makes reproduction a process inherently variable, and therefore unstable, Powers portrays the genetic body as a dubious model for corporate longevity. Taken together, my central texts address the relationship between fiction and history, literature and science, and human and industrial reproduction. / 2017-11-18T00:00:00Z

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Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-05-05T19:16:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO DAVID R. LAVINAS.pdf: 427600 bytes, checksum: aefbefc3fc162b9d726b028808257342 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-05-05T19:16:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO DAVID R. LAVINAS.pdf: 427600 bytes, checksum: aefbefc3fc162b9d726b028808257342 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-06T11:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO DAVID R. LAVINAS.pdf: 427600 bytes, checksum: aefbefc3fc162b9d726b028808257342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / The goal of this study is to analyse if the main changes ocurred in the form of conduction of an operational management process of a TI public company, regarding the implantation of a new model of technical support to the users of their products and services made a change in the paradigm of the existing management. According to these, the adopted path for this study was to search for any alteration related to the procedures of organization and management of the activities and not the ones related to the technical infrastructure. With this, it was used as a theoretical reference the literature that englobes the evolution's progress of the management production, specially those developed at the end of the 19's century until the present days, such as taylorism, fordism and post-fordism. For structuring the information data, the following analysis dimensions were defined: The Knowledge of the Process; The Production's Planning; Implementation of Production, Process Control, Division of Labor, Work in Team and Technical Resources, applied to any model, allowing the comparison among these. For data rasing, there were used the existing documentation of the company, registers from the data base, direct observation, participants' observation and questionaries, answered by the managers responsible for the conduction of the process. Once finished this part, and with the use of the analysis dimensions, there were identified the main characters of both adopted paradigms: fordism and pos-fordism. There were also descriptions of these analysis dimensions considering the collected data about the models in study. Finally there was the confrontation of information to identify which model most closely resembles each model and whether the change envisaged. The results showed that the previous model was closest to the Fordist paradigm, while the new model showed its main features identified with the post-Fordist paradigm. This was possible to conclude that the proposed research done in this work showed that the model adopted promotes change in the paradigm of management in the previous model. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se as principais mudanças ocorridas na forma de condução de um processo de gestão operacional de uma empresa pública de TI, quando da implantação de um novo modelo de suporte técnico aos usuários de seus produtos e serviços, proporcionaram uma alteração no paradigma de gestão existente. Em função do proposto, a diretriz adotada para a condução deste trabalho foi a de pesquisar as alterações relativas aos procedimentos de organização e gestão das atividades e não as inerentes à infra-estrutura técnica. Com este fim, foi utilizado como referencial teórico a literatura que aborda a evolução do processo de gestão da produção, notadamente aquele desenvolvido do final do século XIX até os dias atuais, tais como: o taylorismo, o fordismo e o pós-fordismo. Para estruturar a coleta de informações foram definidas as seguintes dimensões de análise: Conhecimento do Processo; Planejamento da Produção; Execução da Produção; Controle do Processo; Divisão do Trabalho; Trabalho em Equipe e Recursos Técnicos, representativas e aplicáveis a qualquer modelo, permitindo a comparação entre estes. Para levantamento dos dados foram utilizadas as documentações existentes na empresa, registros de bancos de dados, observações diretas, observações participantes e questionários, respondidos pelos gerentes responsáveis pela condução do processo. Uma vez concluída esta etapa e com o uso das dimensões de análise, foram identificadas as principais características dos dois paradigmas adotados: fordista e pós-fordista. Fez-se também a descrição destas dimensões de análise tendo por base os dados coletados sobre os modelos em estudo. Finalmente, houve a confrontação das informações para se identificar a qual paradigma cada modelo mais se assemelhava e se houve a mudança prevista. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que o modelo anterior era mais próximo ao paradigma fordista, enquanto o novo modelo apresentava suas características predominantes identificadas com o paradigma pós-fordista. Com isto foi possível concluir que a pesquisa realizada comprovou o proposto neste trabalho, que o modelo adotado promove a mudança do paradigma de gestão existente no modelo anterior.