In this thesis uniform asymptotic approximations of integrals are discussed. In order to derive these approximations, two well-known methods are used i.e., the saddle point method and the Bleistein method. To start with this, examples are given to demonstrate these two methods and a general idea of how to approach these techniques. The asymptotics of the hypergeometric functions with large parameters are discussed i.e., 2F1 (a + e1λ, b + e2λ c + e3λ ; z)where ej = 0,±1, j = 1, 2, 3 as |λ|→ ∞, which are valid in large regions of the complex z-plane, where a, b and c are fixed. The saddle point method is applied where the saddle point gives a dominant contributions to the integral representations of the hypergeometric functions and Bleistein’s method is adopted to obtain the uniform asymptotic approximations of some cases where the coalescence takes place between the critical points of the integrals. As a special case, the uniform asymptotic approximation of the hypergeometric function where the third parameter is large, is obtained. A new method to estimate the remainder term in the Bleistein method is proposed which is created to deal with new type of integrals in which the usual methods for the remainder estimates fail. Finally, using the asymptotic property of the hypergeometric function when the third parameter is large, the uniform asymptotic approximation of the monic Meixner Sobolev polynomials Sn(x) as n → ∞ , is obtained in terms of Airy functions. The asymptotic approximations for the location of the zeros of these polynomials are also discussed. As a limit case, a new asymptotic approximation for the large zeros of the classical Meixner polynomials is provided.

Differential geometry is about space (a manifold) and a geometric structure on that space. In Riemann’s lecture (see [17]), he stated that “Thus arises the problem, to discover the matters of fact from which the measure-relations of space may be determined...”. It is key then to understand how manifolds differ from one another geometrically. The results of this dissertation concern how the geometry of a manifold changes when we alter metrical connections. We investigate how diverse geodesics are in different metrical connections. From this, we investigate a new class of metrical connections which are dependent on the class of smooth functions. Specifically, we fix a Riemannian metric and investigate the geometry of the manifold when we change the metrical connections associated with the fixed Riemannian metric. We measure the change in the Riemannian curvatures associated with this new class of metrical connections, and then give uniqueness and existence criterion for curvature of compact 2-manifolds. These results depend on the use of Hodge Theory and ultimately on the function f we choose to define a metrical connection.

Les robots marcheurs présentent une instabilité structurelle, du fait de contraintes dynamiques qui restreignent fortement l'étendue des mouvements qu'ils peuvent accomplir.<br />Nous commençons alors par proposer une formulation de la dynamique des robots marcheurs qui fait apparaître la structure spécifique de ces contraintes, démontrant notamment l'importance des appuis au sol. En s'appuyant ensuite sur la notion de viabilité, nous développons un point de vue inédit sur l'équilibre des robots marcheurs, ce qui nous amène à proposer une loi de commande totalement nouvelle, évaluant en permanence, parmi un ensemble de mouvements connus, ceux que le robot est capable de réaliser compte tenu de son état dynamique.<br />Un ensemble de développements logiciels et de travaux expérimentaux sont également entrepris autour du robot BIP, robot anthropomorphe comportant 15 articulations actionnées.

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In a recent article, Bai and Perron (2003, Journal of Applied Econometrics) present a comprehensive discussion of computational aspects of multiple structural change models along with several empirical examples. Here, we report on the results of a replication study using the R statistical software package. We are able to verify most of their findings; however, some confidence intervals associated with breakpoints cannot be reproduced. These confidence intervals require computation of the quantiles of a nonstandard distribution, the distribution of the argmax functional of a certain stochastic process. Interestingly, the difficulties appear to be due to numerical problems in GAUSS, the software package used by Bai and Perron. / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

In a recent article, Bai and Perron (2003, Journal of Applied Econometrics) present a comprehensive discussion of computational aspects of multiple structural change models along with several empirical examples. Here, we report on the results of a replication study using the R statistical software package. We are able to verify most of their findings; however, some confidence intervals associated with breakpoints cannot be reproduced. These confidence intervals require computation of the quantiles of a nonstandard distribution, the distribution of the argmax functional of a certain stochastic process. Interestingly, the difficulties appear to be due to numerical problems in GAUSS, the software package used by Bai and Perron. / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

Newton-Picard methods are iterative methods that work well for computing roots of nonlinear equations within a continuation framework. This project presents one of these methods and includes the results of a computation involving the Brusselator problem performed by an implementation of the method. This work was done in collaboration with Andrew Salinger at Sandia National Laboratories.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho vamos estudar hipersuperfÃcies M^n da esfera unitÃria S^{n+1} conexas completas com duas curvaturas principais distintas uma das quais de multiplicidade n-1 e possuindo k-Ãsima funÃÃo de curvatura nula Sob tais condiÃÃes vamos provar que o toro de Clifford à a Ãnica hipersuperfÃcie que satisfaz S maior que ou igual a n(k^2-2k+n)}/{k(n-k)}=c(n,k) onde S representa o quadrado da norma da segunda forma fundamental AlÃm disso vamos mostrar que no caso compacto a integral sobre M de S à menor que ou igual a c(n,k)vol(M) ocorrendo igualdade somente no toro de Clifford