The COVID-19 pandemic has been a great challenge, especially for families. We aimed to analyze the impact of the pandemic on childcare for and the work–family balance of pediatric surgeons in Germany. An anonymized questionnaire on the working and familial situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was sent to the members of the German Society of Pediatric Surgery and trainees in pediatric surgery (April–July 2021). One-hundred-fifty-three participants (59% female) completed the questionnaire. A total of 16% of the males and 62% of the females worked part-time. Most (68%) had underage children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 36% reported a decrease in patients and interventions, and 55% reported an increase in the organizational workrelated burden. Childcare for underage children during lockdown was organized mainly with the help of institutional emergency childcare (45%), staying home (34%), one parent working from a home office (33%), or staying home by themselves (34%). Before the lockdown, 54% reported a good work–family balance. During the lockdown, this worsened by 42%. Most of the families had to organize themselves. Different means such as a home office, flexible working hours, and different models for childcare can help to improve the situation.

Architectual study deals with the design of an apartment building in the new south district in Brno – area the south from the existing main station. Living close to the Svratka river and concurrently near historic centre are the greatest potentials of the territory. Another similar place does not exist anywhere in Brno. The project follows plans of building a new main station of the city. This includes extensive transport infrastructure. The new district is connected to the Brno boulevard and also to „highline“ park on the historic viaduct. The area was not built till today, although it is really attractive and unusual place in the city. The main reason is flood area located here. Nowadays a city administration is preparing a new zoning plan, which suggests many flood control measures. In my thesis I am interested in one block of buildings from the new district, which is situated close to the river. One of these apartment buildings is designed in more detail. This is the coner object located near the square. The house is composed of eight floors – two underground and six upper floors. Garages are located underground. Entrance area for residents, technical background and some home-office units are planed on the first storey. The part of the first floor is rentable – coner space for cafe or bar. Upper floors have only resident function. Varied flats are two-rooms to five-rooms. A part of proposal is also outdoor spaces. They are very significant for really beautiful views to the waterfront, the river and adjancent park. All housing units have loggia, balcony or terrace. Home-office units on the first floor are completed with private gadens in the courtyard. Roof apartments are favored for theirs private roof gardens. But a part of roof green terraces is available for all residents of the house.

1 EINLEITUNG Der Einsatz von Enterprise 2.0-Lösungen steht noch am Anfang. So nutzen nur ca. 20 % der Unternehmen in den USA und Europa Social Software-Werkzeuge wie Blogs, Wikis oder Foren [7]. Nach [3] geht es bei Enterprise 2.0 darum, die Ideen und Konzepte des Web 2.0 und von Social Software zu verstehen und auf die Zusammenarbeit in Unternehmen zu übertragen. Viele Unternehmen haben Schwierigkeiten bei der Integration solcher Lösungen, wodurch die Zugänglichkeit und Handhabbarkeit der Informationen im Unternehmen leidet. In einem konkreten Anwendungsfall sollen Lösungen gefunden werden, um das Gewahrsein der Informationen bestehender Social Software-Systeme und die Zusammenarbeit in Entwicklungsabteilungen zu verbessern.

The diploma thesis investigates attitudes of employers and employees towards flexible forms of working. Flexible forms of working are, for purpose of the diploma thesis, understood as a tool for work-life balance. Attention is devoted to part-time, home office, flexible working hours and job-sharing. Research of employers and employees attitudes is based on a questionnaire survey and focus groups realized within a project METR at Fond of Further Education. The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out not only the actual using of flexible forms of working in companies and organizations, but also the potential for their development. The results of the diploma thesis show that flexible forms of working are very actual topic among employers and employees. However, employers are still afraid of their implementation. Part-time contracts are the most often used flexible forms of working and also have the greatest potential for the future development. Keywords: Flexible forms of working, part-time, home office, flexible working hours, job-sharing, employees, employers, attitudes

A inicios del mes de marzo, en el año 2020, el gobierno peruano decretó el estado de emergencia sanitaria debido a la pandemia del COVID-19. Entre las medidas de prevención indicadas, se obligó que las empresas deberían adaptarse y enviar a sus colaboradores a trabajar desde casa; en otras palabras, hacer uso del Home Office, para evitar el contagio masivo por el virus. Este estudio explora la digitalización como un facilitador del manejo de equipos virtuales. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la percepción de los colaboradores de la empresa Belcorp respecto al Home Office y su aplicación durante la coyuntura de la pandemia del virus COVID-19. El presente trabajo basa su análisis en un paradigma interpretativo, pues estudia el punto de vista de los participantes. El enfoque de este proyecto es cualitativo, ya que busca entender un fenómeno, en este caso, la percepción de los colaboradores. En esta línea, la estrategia de recojo de información consiste en agrupar a individuos que hayan experimentado el mismo fenómeno. Para ello, el estudio plantea una serie de entrevistas que permitan entender la percepción de los colaboradores de la empresa Belcorp sobre el Home Office. / At the beginning of march, 2020, the Peruvian government decreed a state of sanitary emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the prevention measures, in order to prevent a massive outbreak, it was indicated that the companies must adapt and send their employees to work from home, in other words, to make use of the Home Office. This study explores the digitalization as a facilitator for managing virtual teams. The objective of this investigation is to identify the perception of the workers at the Belcorp Company regarding the Home Office and its application during the conjuncture of the pandemic of the virus COVID-19. The present work bases its analysis on an interpretative paradigm, since it studies the participant´s point of view. This project´s focus is qualitative, because it seeks to understand a phenomenon: the perception of the workers. Therefore, the information gathering strategy consists of grouping individuals that have experimented the same phenomenon. That´s why this study proposes a series of interviews that allows the understanding the perception of the workers at Belcorp Company about the Home Office. / Trabajo de investigación

This diploma thesis focuses on determining the internal and external factors (both economic and social) that affect the motivation of civil servants to conduct and perform their work activities in ministries of the Czech Republic.The research that forms the basis for it is primarily a follow-up to the quantitative research of prof.PhDr.Arnošt Veselý, Ph.D. The diploma thesis is multidisciplinary and not only deals with human resource management in terms of its functionality, efficiency, and effectiveness, but also in terms of its influence on, among other things, public policy, sociology, psychology and public economics. The theoretical part is based on the theory of motivation (Madsen), McGregor's theory of X and Y, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the theory of bureaucracy (Weber). The work is theoretically and methodologically anchored in the findings of alternative action theory (Weinberger, 1997), the ontology of ethical phenomenon (Hartmann, 2002) and the concept of public accountability (Veselý). The empirical part includes the results of qualitative research conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with 17 ministerial officials across 8 ministries of the Czech Republic. During the interviews, research topics were presented in the form of questions, the answers to which were...

As Covid-19 spread throughout the world in the early months of 2020 many people’s lives changed drastically. The situation forced millions of workers and students to start performing their work remotely from home. Currently in Sweden statistics shows that every third person working does it from home at least once a week. When our work environments change, new conditions are created for how we can design our environments, which contributes to new design challenges. We believe that some homes are missing an intended space for office work, especially smaller apartments in larger cities. This means, among other things, that many people lack a place in their homes that offers a good sound environment. We believe that all people deserve to have a workplace that provides the best possible conditions for personal development, performance and well-being, even when working from home. This thesis work within the field of industrial design engineering was conducted in collaboration with the acoustical consultant firm Efterklang and Luleå University of Technology. The development process has followed the human centered design process of Design Thinking, an iterative design process consisting of the spaces of inspiration, ideation, and implementation. The aim of the project was to investigate how people experience sounds throughout their work day and based on this design a product with good acoustical properties for their home. The project also considered the varying conditions for different home offices as well as how people want to work in the near future. The objective was to create a better work environment by improving the workspace and its soundscape. The following mission statement was set up: “Increase people’s well-being and ability to perform by designing a better soundscape for the home office environment”. A literature review has been conducted together with both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The result has been used to answer the following research questions: (i) What do the users perceive as noise in the home environment and what impact does the soundscape have on our wellbeing? (ii) How can we through design, influence people’s feelings and experiences in their home office environment? (iii) What materials or techniques can be used to help increase the acoustical properties of a product and the soundscape of the home office environment? (iv) What user needs can we meet by designing an acoustics-enhancing product for the home office? Close to half of the project was spent in the space of inspiration, to get a deeper knowledge of the field of acoustics. Primarily the aspects of low-frequency noise and how it affects people was researched. It was however discovered in the interviews, observations, and questionnaire that a majority were consciously more affected by generic noise in their proximity. It was also discovered that when designing their workspace, sound, lighting, ergonomics, and privacy was the most important characteristics. Based on this knowledge, two personas were created which primarily helped to keep focus on the intended target group. The personas have also been used to motivate the final result. In the ideation phase, a total of six workshops were conducted. One of these workshops was performed together with six acoustic consultants and designers. This opportunity helped to evaluate our ideas and realize what is actually possible to achieve. The workshops have contributed to both diverging and converging the thesis work. The development of the concepts has throughout the project been done in an iterative process of workshops and user insights. Prototypes in the form of sketches, digital CAD models, and augmented reality [AR] have been used to convey our ideas to the users. The thesis work has resulted in a modular workstations that consists of acoustic elements in the form of absorbents and a floor standing screen. The product also includes a number of functions that can help the home worker to create an ergonomic workspace. It provides amongst other things a height adjustable desk and electric outlet for lighting. The workstation also has a number of shelves that the user can decorate or use for storage. / Många människor liv förändrades drastiskt under de första månaderna av 2020 då Covid-19 snabbt spreds över världen. Denna förändring tvingades miljontals med människor att snabbt ställa om till arbete på distans. Enligt statistik från statistiska centralbyrån arbetar ungefär en tredjedel av Sveriges befolkning hemifrån minst en dag i veckan. När våran arbetssituation förändras uppkommer nya krav på hur dessa miljöer utformas, vilket i sig bidrar till nya designutmaningar. Vi anser att många av dagens hem saknar en dedikerad arbetsplats. Framförallt när det kommer till mindre lägenheter i större städer. Detta bidrar i sin tur till att många kanske saknar en plats i hemmet med en god ljudmiljö att utföra sitt arbete i. Vi anser att alla människor har rätt till en arbetsplats som bidrar till personlig utveckling, prestation och välmående. Detta examensarbete inom området teknisk design har utförts i samarbete med akustik och ljuddesign-företaget Efterklang, samt Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Arbetet har följt en användarcentrerad designprocess kallad Design Thinking. Denna designprocess går iterativt igenom de tre områdena Inspiration, Ideation och Implementation. Målet med detta arbetet var att undersöka hur människor upplever ljud i deras vardag och utifrån detta designa en produkt som bidrar till en bättre ljudmiljö. Projektet beaktade också de olika förhållandena i användarna hemmiljö samt hur dessa kan tänka sig att arbeta i framtiden. Syftet med arbetet var att skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö genom att förbättra både arbetsplatsen och ljudmiljö runtom. Följande mission statement har ställts upp: “Increase people’s well-being and ability to perform by designing a better soundscape for the home office environment”. En litteraturstudie ligger tillsammans med kvantitativa och kvalitativa forskningsmetoder som grund för detta arbete. Resultatet av dessa har används för att svara på följande frågeställningar: (i) Vad upplever användarna som störande ljud i hemmiljö och hur påverkar detta deras välmående? (ii) Hur kan vi genom design påverka människors upplevelse av deras arbetsmiljö i hemmet? (iii) Vilka material och tekniker kan användas för att påverka en produkts akustiska egenskaper samt arbetsmiljön i hemmet? (iv) Vilka behov kan vi uppfylla genom att designa en produkt som förbättrar användarens ljudmiljö i hemmet? Eftersom detta projekt har krävt en förståelse för området akustik samt hur människor påverkas av störande ljud, har största delen av projektet spenderats i inspirations-fasen. Inledningsvis lades mycket fokus på lågfrekvent buller samt hur detta påverka människor. Dock uppmärksammades det i intervjuer, observationer samt enkät att en majoritet av användare störst mer av allmänt buller i deras närhet. Här uppmärksammades det också att när användaren utformar sin arbetsplats så rankas ljudmiljö, ljus, ergonomi samt avskildhet högt på listan av egenskaper. Utifrån denna kunskap har två personas skapats. Dessa har framförallt underlättat i att hålla kvar fokus på målgruppen. Det slutgiltiga resultatet motiveras också utifrån dessa. I ideation-fasen genomfördes total sex större workshops. Under en av dessa bjöds sex utomstående akustiker och ljusdesigners in för att delta. Under denna workshop utvärderades bland annat koncept vilket resulterade i en djupare förståelse för vad som är genomförbart. Samtliga workshops har bidragit till att både konvergera samt divergera tankar och idéer under detta examensarbete. Utvecklingen av idéer har skett i ett iterativt arbetssätt av workshops och feedback från användare. Prototyper i form av skisser, CAD-modeller samt AR har används för att förmedla idéer och koncept till användarna. Detta arbete har resulterat i en modulär arbetsstation innehållande akustiska element i form av absorbenter och en golvstående skärm. Möbeln innehåller flertalet funktioner vilka hjälper hemarbetaren att skapa en ergonomisk arbetsplats. Exempelvis erbjuder arbetsstationen möjlighet för höj- och sänkbart skrivbord samt ett eluttag för arbetsbelysning. Tillgängligt finns också hyllplan vilka användaren kan dekorera eller utnyttja som förvaringsyta.

Person-Organization Fit (POF) bezeichnet die Kompatibilität von Personen und Organisationen, wobei häufig Werte als Beurteilungsgrundlage dienen. Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass ein hoher POF zwischen Arbeitgebern und -nehmern nicht nur positive Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit hat, auch sind für Arbeitsuchende solche Organisationen attraktiv, mit denen sie eine hohe Passung unterstellen. Die Arbeit widmet sich im Spiegel der Theorie des POF theoretisch und empirisch dem Einfluss von flexiblen Arbeitsformen (zur Ermöglichung von Zeit- und Ortsunabhängigkeit bei der Arbeit) auf die Wahrnehmung der Arbeitgeberattraktivität. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern POF als Erklärungsmechanismus für Arbeitgeberattraktivität dienen kann, in Abhängigkeit der verschiedenen Ausprägungen flexibler Arbeitsformen – u.a. werden allgemein flexibilitätsbezogene Angebote sowie die spezifische flexible Arbeitsform Telearbeit betrachtet, ebenfalls werden Effekte der Nichtverfügbarkeit flexibler Arbeitsformen in den Blick genommen. Neben POF wird auch der Einfluss von AOS (Anticipated Organizational Support) für den Effekt auf Arbeitgeberattraktivität untersucht. Darüber hinaus analysiert diese Arbeit die Rolle der Persönlichkeitsdisposition Work Locus of Control im Zusammenhang mit dem Person-Organization Fit. Die Ergebnisse erweitern nicht nur den wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand, auch liefern sie Impulse für die Praxis des Employer Branding.

Aim of this thesis is to introdukce the issues related to price calculations building. The theoretical part focuses on the different type sof calculations formula and related procedures. The practical part is focused on creating practical calculations using software. Problems is illustrated in Example.Everything is comleted by evaluating, comparing the individual type sof calculation methods and a description os possibleproblems witch the recommended tutorials on thein solution.

1 EINLEITUNG Der Einsatz von Enterprise 2.0-Lösungen steht noch am Anfang. So nutzen nur ca. 20 % der Unternehmen in den USA und Europa Social Software-Werkzeuge wie Blogs, Wikis oder Foren [7]. Nach [3] geht es bei Enterprise 2.0 darum, die Ideen und Konzepte des Web 2.0 und von Social Software zu verstehen und auf die Zusammenarbeit in Unternehmen zu übertragen. Viele Unternehmen haben Schwierigkeiten bei der Integration solcher Lösungen, wodurch die Zugänglichkeit und Handhabbarkeit der Informationen im Unternehmen leidet. In einem konkreten Anwendungsfall sollen Lösungen gefunden werden, um das Gewahrsein der Informationen bestehender Social Software-Systeme und die Zusammenarbeit in Entwicklungsabteilungen zu verbessern.