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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Thomas Kuhn and Perspectival Realism

O'Loughlin, Ryan J. 16 June 2017 (has links)
No description available.
12

Theory, Method, and Democracy in the Social Sciences

Arnold, Robert V. 29 July 2008 (has links)
No description available.
13

Thomas Kuhn e a concepção semântica de incomensurabilidade / Thomas Kuhn and the semantic conception of incommensurability

Silva, Paulo Pirozelli Almeida 04 July 2013 (has links)
Thomas Kuhn foi um dos mais importantes filósofos da ciência do século XX. Entre suas principais contribuições, destaca-se a tese da incomensurabilidade das teorias científicas. O presente trabalho visa mostrar como tal tese, apresentada originalmente no livro A estrutura das revoluções, de 1962, foi modificada por Kuhn ao longo dos anos, com foco em seus últimos artigos, escritos entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990. A incomensurabilidade é reduzida então a uma relação semântica restrita a certos pontos da linguagem (incomensurabilidade local). A fim de explicar como isso é possível, Kuhn é levado a pensar, em primeiro lugar, no aprendizado e funcionamento dos conceitos, e como se organizam em estruturas taxonômicas. Em seguida, elabora outros aspectos de uma filosofia da linguagem, como significado e verdade, que lhe permitem responder às principais críticas que haviam sido dirigidas à noção de incomensurabilidade originalmente exposta. / Thomas Kuhn was one of the most important philosophers of science of the twentieth century. Among his major contributions, there is the thesis of incommensurability of scientific theories. This work aims to show how this theory, originally presented in the book The Structure of Revolutions, from 1962, was modified by Kuhn over the years, focusing on his last articles, written between the 1980s and 1990s. The incommensurability is then reduced to a semantic relation restricted to certain portions of language (local incommensurability). To explain how this is possible, Kuhn is led to think, firstly, in the learning and operation of the concepts, and how they are organized in taxonomic structures. After that he elaborates other aspects of a philosophy of language, as meaning and truth, which allow him to answer the main criticisms which had been directed to the notion of incommensurability originally exposed.
14

由意義徹底轉變到理論不可共量 / From MEANING VARIANCE to INCOMMENSURABILITY of THEORY

方珮齡, Fang, Pei Ling Unknown Date (has links)
在提出不可共量這個觀點的初期,孔恩陳述其論點的方式引來了許多的批評與爭辯;然而,究竟是因孔恩語意不明,所以才引發了許多的討論﹖或者是,這個觀點本身的確蘊涵了孔恩所不願意承認的命題﹖關於這一點,本文意圖處理的問題是─「理論不可共量」是否蘊含「理論不可比較」這個結論﹖對於這個問題,孔恩的立場是「理論不可共量」這個命題並未蘊涵「理論不可比較」;而他所採取的論證方式則是─理論不可共量意指「兩個理論間部份的同型異義字無法互相翻譯」,但卻可以透過詮釋的方式重構或了解一個過時的理論;就此而言,理論不可翻譯的情況並未蘊涵理論不可比較。多數人對孔恩所提出之「不可共量」的理解是:「理論不可共量」蘊涵理論不可比較。論者所採取的論證途徑大致有兩種:ぇ以否定「不可翻譯」來否定「不可比較」;え直接否定「理論不可比較」。二種途徑才可能對孔恩的論點做一有效的反駁。我反駁孔恩論點的做法是以否定「指涉固定」為出發點。我的基本主張是:字詞,特別是高階抽象的理論性字詞,其指涉對象在理論改變以後很難確認其指涉的同一與否;因此,宣稱「其依舊指涉同一個對象」是很難獲得支持的。本文討論這個問題的方式是─先將孔恩對「不可共量」的論述做一釐清,並架構出一個可能的論證形式;接著,檢視該論證形式所依賴的前提之合理性;最後則是論證:如果我所提出的「理論不可共量」之論證形式是有效的,並且其前提是合理的,那麼,「理論不可共量」的確蘊涵「理論不可比較」這個結論。在關於「理論比較」這個問題上,我認為孔恩所宣稱的可比較無論如何無法滿足一般論者所主張的「比較理論」的要求;況且,孔恩所承諾的「理論可以比較」的程度,根本上已經超過了「理論不可共量」這個論點所能承諾的範圍。而歸根究底的說,孔恩之所以會做出這樣的允諾,一個主要的原因是來自於其立場上的搖擺不定─究竟要成為一個實在論者或者反實在論者﹖儘管孔恩宣稱自己是個「堅貞的實在論者」,但許多實在論者所共同接受的命題,卻唯孔恩所堅持反對;而這樣的反對立場使得孔恩更接近反實在論者,但是他將「理論轉變過程中之指涉對象的確定」這個問題過度簡化的態度,又使得該立場與其反實在論的傾向互相衝突。因此,在孔恩的理論內部存有其難以化解的矛盾。
15

Christology in Crisis: An Assessment and Response

Dean Smith Unknown Date (has links)
The tradition of classical Christology, understood in a MacIntyrean sense as an historically extended and socially embodied argument, is facing an epistemological crisis due to the fact that, at each stage in its complex development, it has failed to resolve the problems arising out of the articulation of the classical interpretation of the Incarnation. This failure on the part of the tradition is due to the unsatisfactory and intractable metaphysical dualism at its heart. This dualism, highlighted in each successive attempt to explain the union of the divine and human natures in Christ, is to be understood as a symptom of a more fundamental God-world dualism, entailed by the doctrine of creation ex nihilo, and informing the traditional Christian conceptual scheme. Failure to recognise and address the God-world problematic has led to one-sided Christological solutions that reflect and reinforce this original and most basic dualism. An alternative view of God is needed to inform Christology if the problematic dualism at the heart of the classical model is to be overcome and the epistemological crisis resolved. Pan(en)theism is such an alternative model of God that offers resources for a non-dualistic Christopraxis.
16

Christology in Crisis: An Assessment and Response

Dean Smith Unknown Date (has links)
The tradition of classical Christology, understood in a MacIntyrean sense as an historically extended and socially embodied argument, is facing an epistemological crisis due to the fact that, at each stage in its complex development, it has failed to resolve the problems arising out of the articulation of the classical interpretation of the Incarnation. This failure on the part of the tradition is due to the unsatisfactory and intractable metaphysical dualism at its heart. This dualism, highlighted in each successive attempt to explain the union of the divine and human natures in Christ, is to be understood as a symptom of a more fundamental God-world dualism, entailed by the doctrine of creation ex nihilo, and informing the traditional Christian conceptual scheme. Failure to recognise and address the God-world problematic has led to one-sided Christological solutions that reflect and reinforce this original and most basic dualism. An alternative view of God is needed to inform Christology if the problematic dualism at the heart of the classical model is to be overcome and the epistemological crisis resolved. Pan(en)theism is such an alternative model of God that offers resources for a non-dualistic Christopraxis.
17

Thomas Kuhn e a concepção semântica de incomensurabilidade / Thomas Kuhn and the semantic conception of incommensurability

Paulo Pirozelli Almeida Silva 04 July 2013 (has links)
Thomas Kuhn foi um dos mais importantes filósofos da ciência do século XX. Entre suas principais contribuições, destaca-se a tese da incomensurabilidade das teorias científicas. O presente trabalho visa mostrar como tal tese, apresentada originalmente no livro A estrutura das revoluções, de 1962, foi modificada por Kuhn ao longo dos anos, com foco em seus últimos artigos, escritos entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990. A incomensurabilidade é reduzida então a uma relação semântica restrita a certos pontos da linguagem (incomensurabilidade local). A fim de explicar como isso é possível, Kuhn é levado a pensar, em primeiro lugar, no aprendizado e funcionamento dos conceitos, e como se organizam em estruturas taxonômicas. Em seguida, elabora outros aspectos de uma filosofia da linguagem, como significado e verdade, que lhe permitem responder às principais críticas que haviam sido dirigidas à noção de incomensurabilidade originalmente exposta. / Thomas Kuhn was one of the most important philosophers of science of the twentieth century. Among his major contributions, there is the thesis of incommensurability of scientific theories. This work aims to show how this theory, originally presented in the book The Structure of Revolutions, from 1962, was modified by Kuhn over the years, focusing on his last articles, written between the 1980s and 1990s. The incommensurability is then reduced to a semantic relation restricted to certain portions of language (local incommensurability). To explain how this is possible, Kuhn is led to think, firstly, in the learning and operation of the concepts, and how they are organized in taxonomic structures. After that he elaborates other aspects of a philosophy of language, as meaning and truth, which allow him to answer the main criticisms which had been directed to the notion of incommensurability originally exposed.
18

As ideias envolvidas na gênese do teorema fundamental do cálculo, de Arquimedes a Newton e Leibniz

Santos, Walkíria Corrêa dos 13 May 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walkiria Correa dos Santos.pdf: 2202936 bytes, checksum: 0b47cf76b6ab7f2053830abc5b6950c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This paper seeks to contribute to the study of the main ideas that involve the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC) from the Mathematics in Ancient Greece to contributions of Newton (1642 - 1727) and Leibniz (1646 - 1716), the seventeenth century. Given the scope of this theme, we focus our attention on the question of Incommensurability and in consequence, the definition of Proportion of Eudoxus (390 a.C. - 320 a.C.). Such a definition, results in the 'geometrization' of translating the mathematical ideas that culminated in the concepts of derivative and integral, in quadrature issues and calculation of volumes, through method of exhaustion and method Mechanic Archimedes (287 a.C. - 212 a.C.), and the method of tracing the tangent of Apollonius (262 a.C.) - 190 a.C.). The searches tangent to a curve and the problem of quadrature were a predecessor motive for the work of Newton (1642 - 1727) and Leibniz (1646 - 1716) could establish "Infinitesimal Calculus". The revival of mathematical activity in the fifteenth century, with the need for new routes of commerce and navigation, covering arithmetic, algebra and trigonometry and the sixteenth century, were of great importance, forming the basis of all algebraic development. In the seventeenth century, an important area has been established: the Analytic Geometry, which contributed greatly to the achievements of Newton (1642 - 1727), and Leibniz (1646 - 1716), by establishing, in definitive, that the process of integration and differentiation are inverse operations of one another. The result is now known as the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The product of the research conducted is a text, drafted with didactic concern, which aims to facilitate understanding of the interconnection of ideas that have contributed, through centuries, to the result that we now know as the Fundamental Theorem of calculus / Esse trabalho busca contribuir com o estudo das principais ideias que envolvem o Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo (TFC), desde a Matemática na Grécia Antiga até as contribuições de Newton (1642 - 1727) e Leibniz (1646 - 1716), no século XVII. Dada a abrangência de tal tema, focamos nossa atenção na questão da Incomensurabilidade e em decorrência, na definição de Proporção de Eudoxo (390 a.C. - 320 a.C.). Tal definição traz como consequência a ‗geometrização da matemática traduzindo as ideias que culminaram nos conceitos de derivada e integral, nas questões de quadratura e cálculo de volumes, por meio dos métodos de Exaustão e o método Mecânico de Arquimedes (287 a.C. - 212 a.C.), e no método do traçado de tangente de Apolônio (262 a.C. - 190 a.C.) . As buscas da tangente a uma curva e a questão da quadratura foram a mola precursora para que os trabalhos de Newton (1642 - 1727) e Leibniz (1646 - 1716) pudessem estabelecer o Cálculo Infinitesimal. O renascimento da atividade matemática no século XV, pela necessidade de novas rotas de comércios e navegação, abordando a aritmética, a álgebra e a trigonometria e o século XVI, foram de grande importância, constituindo a base de todo desenvolvimento algébrico. No século XVII, uma importante área foi estabelecida: a Geometria Analítica que muito contribuiu para os resultados alcançados por Newton (1642 - 1727) e Leibniz (1646 - 1716), estabelecendo, em definitivo, que o processo de integração e derivação são operações uma inversa da outra. O resultado é hoje conhecido como Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo. O produto da pesquisa realizada é um texto, redigido com preocupação didática, que pretende facilitar o entendimento da interligação das ideias que contribuíram, através de séculos, para o resultado que hoje conhecemos como o Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo
19

Incomensurabilidade e racionalidade científica em Thomas Kuhn: uma análise do relativismo epistemológico / Incommensurability and scientific rationality in Thomas Kuhn: an analysis of epistemological relativism

Guitarrari, Robinson 08 September 2004 (has links)
O debate atual sobre a racionalidade científica tem envolvido uma tomada de posição quanto ao relativismo epistemológico. Um dos focos do debate consiste na superação do relativismo presente em pronunciamentos de Thomas Kuhn sobre a escolha científica. Procurando libertar-se de um relativismo kuhniano nas justificações de escolhas científicas, Hilary Putnam e Larry Laudan apresentam estratégias bastante distintas. Putnam vê incoerências autodestrutivas em tal relativismo, especialmente por duas razões: sua formulação seria auto-refutante e, quanto aos atributos cognitivos, essa posição não permitiria distinguir o homem de qualquer outro ser. Laudan procurou desmistificar os efeitos que a incomensurabilidade kuhniana teria causado para uma visão de racionalidade dirigida por regras metodológicas e, além disso, buscou mostrar a falta de poder explicativo do relativismo decorrente dela. O presente trabalho investiga se ainda há razão para considerar que o relativismo gerado pela incomensurabilidade kuhniana constitui uma ameaça à racionalidade científica. Apresentamos um modelo kuhniano de racionalidade, com base em uma análise dos textos de Kuhn sobre a escolha de paradigmas, que ressalta o papel da incomensurabilidade de problemas e padrões científicos. Procuramos mostrar que duas das principais acusações de incoerência, elaboradas por Putnam, não atingem tal modelo. Por fim, defendemos que esse modelo kuhniano de racionalidade apresenta várias restrições para o efetivo estabelecimento das críticas que Laudan lhe dirige. / The current debate on scientific rationality has involved taking sides regarding the question of epistemological relativism. The debate is focused, among other things, in overcoming the relativism present in Thomas Kuhns statements about scientific choice. Hilary Putnam and Larry Laudan, aiming at dispensing with a Kuhnian relativism in the justification of scientific choices, propose quite different strategies. Putnam sees self-destructive incoherencies in such relativism, mainly for two reasons: first, its formulation would be self-defeating and, second, this position wouldnt allow one to distinguish man from any other being as regards cognitive attributes. Laudan attempted to demystify the effects that Kuhnian incommensurability could cause to a vision of rationality governed by methodological rules, and, furthermore, attempted to show the lack of explanatory power of the relativism that follows from it. The present work inquires whether there is still reason to consider that the relativism originated by Kuhnian incommensurability constitutes a menace to scientific rationality. We present a Kuhnian model of rationality, based on an analysis of Kuhns texts on paradigm choice, which highlights the role of incommensurability as regards scientific problems and standards. We aim to show that two of the main charges of incoherence, formulated by Putnam, arent able to affect the model. Lastly, we maintain that this Kuhnian model of rationality poses various constraints on the actual establishment of the criticisms directed against it by Laudan.
20

Thomas S. Kuhn: Verständnis und Mißverständnis - Zur Geschichte seiner Rezeption / Thomas S. Kuhn: Understanding and misunderstanding - On his reception

Rose, Uwe 12 July 2004 (has links)
No description available.

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