Orientador: Maria Glória Caño de Andrade / Resumo: Este trabalho é baseado no estudo do comportamento de um diodo PIN de multicamadas utilizado como célula solar. Esse estudo é desenvolvido por meio de simulações em ambiente virtual, validada a partir de dados experimentais, e tem como foco principal o comportamento da geração de corrente pelo dispositivo, tanto na interação entre o dispositivo e uma determinada faixa do espectro luminoso, como na influência que as alterações nas dimensões dessa célula solar podem trazer na tensão gerada. O diodo PIN proposto encontra-se em uma lâmina SOI (Silicon On Insulator) com uma potencial aplicação destinada para a alimentação de circuitos que necessitam de ultrabaixa potência (ULP – Ultra Low Power), tais como sensores de campo para monitoramento e circuitos subcutâneos para monitoramento médico. É construído por uma camada dupla com diferentes semicondutores (silício e germânio) e, através de alterações em sua estrutura (mudança dos materiais e das dimensões), será verificado o comportamento dos principais parâmetros de uma célula solar, tais como fator de forma (FF), corrente fotogerada, tensão de circuito aberto, corrente de curto-circuito, tensão e corrente de trabalho e potência gerada pelo dispositivo. Adicionalmente, é também analisado o comportamento de penetração e absorção do espectro luminoso na célula solar e a existência de alterações nos parâmetros medidos quando há alteração na posição das camadas de semicondutores, com a finalidade de demonstrar que o incremento de uma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work is based on the study of multilayer PIN diode used as a solar cell. This study was developed through simulations in a virtual environment with the main focus of the generation current by the device so much in the interaction between the device and a range of the light spectrum as well as in the influence the changes in the dimensions of the solar cell may bring in the voltage generated. It is composed of a double layer with different semiconductors (silicon and germanium), and though changes in its structure (materials and dimensions change), it will be verified the behavior of main parameters of a solar cell, such as Fill Factor (FF), photogenerated current, open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, work voltage and work current and the generated power will by the device. Additionally, it was also verified the behavior of the penetration and absorption of the light spectrum in the solar cell, and the existence of changes in the measured parameters when there is a change of position in the semiconductor layers, to demonstrate that the increase of a germanium layer may bring to the device concerning entirely silicon device. The results obtained indicate that there was an increase in the photogeneration when the germanium layer is positioned above the silicon layer. This way, this work demonstrates that small changes in the construction and the thickness of the lateral PIN diode used as a solar cell provide an increase in efficiency of more than 136% when comparing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This study focuses on problems of inadequate production capacity management. The factors that generate this scenario are related to the incorrect distribution of work areas, the absence of standardization of the production process and unorganized workstations in the production line. The application of 5S’s tool, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and a proposal for plant design are presented to solve the problem. After the application of the design solution, it was identified that 1 h and 23 min can be saved in transfer times, which can be invested in the manufacture of more products, improving the use of the plant’s capacity.

High-quality lattice-matched LaNiO3/LaMnO3 superlattices with monolayer terrace structure have been grown on both (111)- and (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. In contrast to the previously reported experiments, a magnetic exchange bias is observed that reproducibly occurs in both (111)- and (001)-oriented superlattices with the thin single layers of 5 and 7 unit cells, respectively. The exchange bias is theoretically explained by charge transfer-induced magnetic moments at Ni atoms. Furthermore, magnetization data at low temperature suggest two magnetic phases in the superlattices, with Néel temperature around 10 K. Electrical transport measurements reveal a metal-insulator transition with strong localization of electrons in the superlattices with the thin LaNiO3 layers of 4 unit cells, in which the electrical transport is dominated by two-dimensional variable range hopping.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Very few systems allow the study of the relationship between structural changes and physical properties in such a clear way as rare earth nickelate ReNi03 perovskites (Re (rare earth) = Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd). Synthesized for the first time by Demazeau et al [1] in 1971 and completely forgotten for almost twenty years, these compounds have regained interest since the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity and giant magnetoresistive effects in other perovskite-related systems. Due to its Metal-Insulator Transition (MIT) and thermochromic properties, the rare earth nickelate perovskite ReNi03 has received a great deal of attention for the past ten years in their thin films form [12]. Such unusual electronic and optical features are all the more interesting since the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMn) can be tuned by changing the Re cation: LaNi03 is metallic. No minimum of the metallic conductivity of Sm0 . ssNd 0.45Ni03, as observed by Gire et al [12] (entropic effect), was reported by Ambrosini and Hamet [11]. It has been suggested by Obradors et al. [13] that changing the rare earth cation in the ReNi03 system, acts as internal chemical pressure (increasing internal pressure by substituting the rare earth cation with another one of larger ionic radius) which can lead, as for the isostatic pressure experiment, to a tunability of the metal-insulator transition temperature [14, 15]. Obradors et al [13] reported on a decrease of T MIT upon increasing isostatic pressure but with remaining metallic properties of PrNi03 and NdNi03 (same magnitude and thermal dependence of the electrical resistivity)

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20161号 / 理博第4246号 / 新制||理||1611(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 義朗, 教授 田中 耕一郎, 教授 川上 則雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20162号 / 理博第4247号 / 新制||理||1611(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 則雄, 教授 松田 祐司, 教授 前野 悦輝 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Polymer insulators are used in the power transmission and distribution industry as a good substitute to the porcelain and glass insulators. These polymer insulators have many advantages compared to porcelain insulators respectively. Significant improvement has been made in the performance of polymer insulators with continuous evaluation involving its performance and reliability under contaminated conditions for transmission and distribution purposes. This thesis investigates about the performance of polymer insulation under accelerated tracking and erosion test conditions conducted on distribution class polymer equipment’s like composite insulators and polymeric cutouts having a rated voltage of 15 kV. Further electrical tests, additional tests are done for investigating the dielectric strength of composite insulators and polymeric cutouts for studying its degradation process at macroscopic level.

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<pre>The degree of freedom brought about by breaking the directional symmetry of space through the use of anisotropic media finds applications in numerous photonic systems. Almost all these systems are based on physical principles that are generalized extensions of their isotropic counterparts, much in the same way an ellipse is related to a circle. However, as we show, there are examples where, in the presence of loss, disorder or even coupling to the measurement apparatus, emerges a completely new behavior which is qualitatively different from the isotropic case. In this work we study these emergent phenomena found in open anisotropic photonic systems.</pre> <pre><br></pre> <pre>We demonstrate that open systems based on biaxial anisotropic medium can support exceptional points which are singularities in the parameter space of the system where the mode frequencies as well as the modes themselves coalesce. We also show that topological insulators, which are novel materials that behave as dielectric in the bulk but metallic in the surface and exhibit bianisotropy through the coupling of their electric and magnetic response, can emit thermal radiation that carries nonzero spin angular momentum. Next, after describing how the strong anisotropy of hyperbolic metamaterial can support electromagnetic fields propagating with high wavenumbers unbounded by the frequency, we show that a super-resolution imaging scheme based on such material is quite robust against substantial loss and disorder. Finally, we consider an example of an incoherent perfect absorber and show that loss and anisotropy in this case can work together to recover the ideal lossless limit for the absorbing performance. In addition to making new conceptual connections between photonics and other branches of science such as condensed matter physics, biotechnology and quantum mechanics, these new emergent phenomena are shown to have thermal, imaging and sensing applications.</pre>

Bends and splitters are typically the fundamental limiting waveguide components in reducing the size of planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) based on waveguides that have a low core/clad refractive index contrast, such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguides. This dissertation presents a solution to this problem in the form of trench-based bends (TBBs) and trench-based splitters (TBSs). Emphasis is placed on experimental demonstration of these components and their integration into practical devices exhibiting significant size reduction. First, a compact and low loss silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide 90◦ TBB is demonstrated based on an etched vertical interface and total internal reflection (TIR) realized by a trench filled with SU8. The measured loss for TE polarization is 0.32 dB ± 0.02 dB/bend at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, which is the best reported in literature. Next, 90◦ TBSs are reported in which each splitter occupies an area of only 11 μm x 11 μm. These components require fabrication of trenches with a nearly 10:1 aspect ratio. A variety of single TBSs are fabricated having different trench widths. The relative amount of power directed into the transmission and reflection arms of the splitters is measured. The TBS reflection and transmission ratio agrees with three dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) predictions. An 82 nm wide trench filled with index matching fluid is experimentally shown to have a reflection/transmission splitting ratio of 49/51 at a wavelength of 1550 nm. To increase the fabrication yield of TBSs, the splitter angle is modified from 90◦ to 105◦, which permits the trench width to be increased to 116 nm for a 50/50 splitter using SU8 as the trench fill material. The fabrication and measurement of compact 105◦ TBBs and TBSs are reported followed by their integration into 1 x 4, 1 x 8, and 1 x 32 trench-based splitter networks (TBSNs). The measured total optical loss of the 1 x 32 TBSN is 9.15 dB. Its size is only 700 μm x 1600 μm for an output waveguide spacing of 50 μm. Finally, a compact SOI trench-based ring resonator (TBRR) composed of 90◦ TBBs, TBSs, and rib waveguides is demonstrated. A TBRR with a ring circumference of 50 μm occupies an area of 20 x 20 μm. The free spectral range (FSR) is as large as 14 nm. By changing the trench fill material from SU8 (n = 1.57) to index fluid (n = 1.733), the peak wavelength can be shifted ∼2 nm. Fabricated TBSNs and TBRRs demonstrate that large size reductions are possible for devices based on TBBs and TBSs. The net result is bend and splitter configurations with a size that is essentially independent of core/clad refractive index contrast. The approach developed in this dissertation is applicable to a wide range of waveguide material systems that have small core/clad refractive index contrast.