Para realizar trabajos de traducción, los estudiantes de Traducción hacen uso de sus competencias culturales e interculturales para atender los focos de dificultad cultural que se presenten en el proceso traslativo. Si bien existen investigaciones sobre problemas culturales en la traducción, aún no hay suficientes estudios dedicados a analizar cómo se aplican las competencias culturales para atender estos problemas, sobre todo en el contexto peruano. Por ello, en la presente investigación se analizará de qué manera los estudiantes de la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas aplican sus competencias culturales para identificar y solucionar problemas culturales. Con el fin de obtener resultados, este estudio se centrará en estudiantes que cursen las asignaturas de Traducción Directa II y Traducción Inversa I, ya que en estas asignaturas los estudiantes aplican los conocimientos culturales previamente desarrollados en trabajos de traducción. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se propone utilizar las técnicas de análisis de documentos, observación y entrevistas. El análisis de documentos será útil para analizar las traducciones de los estudiantes y conocer las técnicas de traducción aplicadas. La observación a sesiones de las asignaturas seleccionadas permitirá conocer los problemas culturales que identificaron y, por último, las entrevistas ayudarán a comprender el proceso traslativo de cada estudiante, es decir, las estrategias empleadas para atender los problemas culturales identificados. / In order to carry out translation tasks, translation students use their cultural and intercultural competences to deal with cultural problems that appear in the translational process. Although there are researches on cultural problems in translation, there are still not enough studies focused on analyzing how cultural competences are applied to address these problems, especially in the Peruvian context. Therefore, this research will analyze how Translation and Interpreting students from Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas apply their cultural competences to identify and solve cultural problems. In order to obtain results, this study will focus on students who are taking Traducción Directa II y Traducción Inversa I, since the students apply the cultural knowledge previously developed in translation tasks in these subjects. For the development of this research, it is planned to use the techniques of document analysis, observation and interviews. The analysis of documents will be useful to analyze students' translations and to learn about the translation techniques they have applied. The observation of the selected subjects will allow us to understand the cultural problems they have identified and finally, the interviews will help us to understand the translation process of each student. / Trabajo de investigación

abstract: The field of intercultural communication emerged from demonstrated need in the public sector and has roots in cultural anthropology. There is continued need in academic and practitioner domains for improved ways to effectively engage across cultures. To do so, it is necessary to develop approaches that enable a person to take the emic perspective of an intercultural Other. Worldview is a promising concept in several fields, such as anthropology and cross-cultural psychology, but remains undeveloped in the field of intercultural competence. In addition, existing conceptualizations and approaches to identify worldviews are too comprehensive or ambiguous to be useful. The purpose of this project was to propose a novel worldview framework synthesizing existing literature. The resulting construct is constituted by the composite universals, morality, agency, and positionality (MAP). Worldview MAP was applied to intercultural interactions between members of two distinct sociocultural groups working together on a two-week global management project in a multinational organization in Japan. Three research questions focused on identifying intercultural difficulties, worldview assumptions of each party, and relationships between the difficulties and worldviews. Inter-rater reliability was calculated for three morality subdimensions most underdeveloped in the literature. Findings include worldview descriptions for both culture groups across MAP and ways in which worldviews are interconnected with and illuminate three complex intercultural difficulties. Further, five meta-level worldview findings show how implicit worldviews were indirectly revealed in narrative data. Limitations of the study and implications for future work are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2019

[ES] En el contexto actual en el cual las distancias entre países se han reducido sustancialmente y la movilidad se ha incrementado a un ritmo vertiginoso, las sociedades se han tenido que adaptar a nuevos términos como "choque de culturas" e "interculturalidad", los cuales intentan dar cabida a este nuevo formato de encuentro entre culturas que se produce a diario y en todos los ámbitos de la vida. En consecuencia, el objetivo general de esta tesis es establecer si a los alumnos de Educación Superior se les imparte la formación sobre las competencias transversales, incluida la competencia intercultural. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de los diversos currículos de las 30 universidades más importantes de España, determinando el grado y la redacción de las mismas, valorando las definiciones sobre las competencias transversales que se imparten en cada universidad, realizando una comparativa entre las mismas y reescribiéndolas de acuerdo con el contexto real del aula, basándose en las competencias definidas por Darla Deardorff (2006). De esta forma, se ha comprobado que el 53% de las universidades cuentan con un dossier, documento u otra publicación que recoge las competencias en cuestión, mientras el 47% restante no dispone de información específica al respecto. Asimismo, todas las competencias recogidas por los documentos de las universidades han tenido que ser reescritas parcialmente, mientras en una universidad las competencias han tenido que ser reescritas de forma íntegra. Es importante mencionar que gran parte de las competencias existentes destacan solo el trabajo en equipo y respeto, pero dejan de lado el componente intercultural dentro de las mismas, evidenciando así una falta de actualización entre estas competencias que no considera la incidencia de la globalización en la conformación de los equipos. Por lo tanto, se ha estimado indispensable la realización de una nueva redacción de las citadas competencias, especialmente considerando los resultados de la globalización y conexión global de la sociedad actual, además del modelo basado en competencias que propone el Plan Bolonia y que es común para gran parte de los países de la Unión Europea. / [CA] En el context actual en el qual, les distàncies entre països s'han reduït substancialment i la mobilitat s'ha incrementat a un ritme vertiginós, les societats s'han hagut d'adaptar a nous termes com ara "xoc de cultures" i "interculturalitat", els quals intenten incorporar aquest nou format de trobada entre cultures que es produeix diàriament i en tots els àmbits de les nostres vides. En conseqüència, l'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és establir si als alumnes d'Educació Superior se'ls imparteix la formació sobre les competències transversals, inclosa la competència intercultural. Per això, s'ha realitzat un anàlisi dels diversos currículums de les 30 universitats més importants d'Espanya, determinat el grau, així com la redacció d'aquestes, valorant les definicions sobre les competències transversals que s'imparteixen en cada universitat, realitzant una comparativa entre aquestes i reescrivint-les d'acord amb el context real de l'aula, basant-se en les competències definides per Darla Deardorff (2006). D'aquesta manera, s'ha comprovat que el 53% de les universitats compten amb un dossier, document o una altra publicació que recull les competències en qüestió, mentre el 47% restant no disposa d'informació específica sobre aquest tema. Així mateix, totes les competències recollides pels documents de les universitats, han hagut de ser reescrites parcialment, mentre en una universitat les competències han hagut de ser reescrites de manera íntegra. És important esmentar que gran part de les competències existents destaquen només el treball en equip i respecte, però deixen de costat el component intercultural dins d'aquestes, evidenciant així una falta d'actualització entre aquestes competències que no consideren la incidència de la globalització en la conformació dels equips. Per tant, s'ha estimat indispensable la realització d'una nova redacció de les citades competències, especialment considerant els resultats de la globalització i connexió global de la societat actual, a més del model basat en competències que proposa el Pla Bolonya i que és comú per a gran part dels països de la Unió Europea. / [EN] In the current context in which, distances between countries have been substantially reduced and mobility has increased at a dizzying pace, societies have had to adapt to new terms such as "clash of cultures" and "interculturality", which try to accommodate this new format of encounter between cultures that occurs daily and in all areas of our lives. As a result, the general objective of this thesis is to establish whether students in higher education are taught training on transversal competences, including intercultural competence. To this end, it has been carried out an analysis of the various curricula of the 30 most important universities in Spain, and determined the degree, as well as the writing of them, valuing the definitions on the transversal competences that are taught in each university, making a comparison between them and rewriting them according to the real classroom context, based on the competences defined by Darla Deardorff (2006). In this way, it has been found that 53% of the universities have a dossier, document or other publication that includes the competences in question, while the remaining 47% do not have specific information about it. Furthermore, all the competences included in the documents of the universities had to be partially rewritten, while in one university the competencies had to be rewritten in their entirety. It is important to mention that most of the existing competences highlight only teamwork and respect, but leave aside the intercultural component within them, evidencing a lack of updating between these competences that does not consider the impact of globalization on the formation of teams. Therefore, it has been considered essential to rewrite these competences, especially considering the results of globalization and the global connection of today's society, in addition to the competency-based model proposed by the Bologna Plan, which is common to most of the countries of the European Union. / Izquierdo Fontestad, L. (2021). Propuesta para el desarrollo de las competencias interculturales de los futuros graduados [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/180117 / TESIS

In this case study, The King and Baxter Magolda (2005) Intercultural Maturity Model was utilized as the explanatory framework for the development of intercultural maturity in a globally networked learning environment (GNLE) with college students. Through ethnographic data collection strategies and qualitative analysis of interviews, observations, narrative inquiry, and student artifacts, I explored the developmental stages of the intercultural maturity of study participants in a GNLE with college students from three international universities in South Africa, Europe, and the United States. I sought to determine if any relationship existed between the development of intercultural maturity and the study of jazz. This research inquiry represented a distinct opportunity to examine if student activities in jazz subjects might ground new theories for the attainment of intercultural maturity. A globally networked classroom of jazz students presented a salient opportunity to observe if interactant traits could mature, instigated through jazz curricula, and whether such a model had explanatory potential in a web-based context. The findings were instructive for considerations comparative to traditional developmental models of intercultural maturity, with a particular focus on the efficacy of asynchronous and synchronous student interactions within the activities. The context of a GNLE, an interesting alternative to study abroad when considered as a teaching and learning paradigm instead of just a technology modality, facilitated rich descriptions and data to gauge students’ demonstration of the domains of the King and Baxter Magolda (2005) Intercultural Maturity Model. Adding jazz curricula and pedagogy to the GNLE environment, situated between cohorts geographically apart, allowed for a reimagining of the King and Baxter Magolda Intercultural Maturity Model to A Jazz Orientation of the Three-Dimensional Developmental Trajectory of the Intercultural Maturity Model.

The purpose of this study was to verify Mezirow's (1978) Transformative Learning Theory as a model to explain how study abroad participation facilitates efforts to internationalize students in higher education. Specifically this study used block-entry, logistic and linear regression models to explore the relationship between transformative learning processes and study abroad outcomes. Data were collected from business students (N =107) at Brigham Young University using a retrospective pretest method. Findings indicated transformative learning was occurring in short term study abroad settings and transformative learning phases were related to increases in Intercultural Competence. These findings were consistent between year cohorts suggesting the impacts were lasting.

Cross-cultural knowledge and intercultural competence are highly valued qualities for 21st-century American college and university graduates, as these institutions endeavor to prepare students to live and work in an increasingly multicultural society. This task offers both a challenge and an opportunity for educators to design mechanisms to increase the global awareness and intercultural development of their student participants. The challenge is to create intentional learning experiences that avoid the pitfalls of perpetuating stereotypes and reproducing inequitable social relations. Faculty-led international travel courses provide an opportunity for program leaders to develop intercultural development curricula that are ethical, engaging, economically and environmentally sustainable, and pedagogically sound. This study examined how participants in a faculty-led short-term global service-learning course to Belize experienced and perceived cultural difference and how that professor attended to and sought to address cultural difference and issues of power, positionality, and privilege during that program. This study followed a convergent parallel mixed method design in which I collected and analyzed qualitative and quantitative data concurrently. This combination of methods yielded a more complete understanding of the learning process and intercultural learning outcomes of the student participants, as well as the pedagogical and programmatic features that encouraged the growth of intercultural competencies in each. The quantitative findings of this study indicated little change in the competency levels of the program's participants, whereas the qualitative data suggested that the Belize travel course students had experienced notable gains in cultural self-awareness and were better able to identify relevant cultural differences. Participants singled-out the immersive quality of the experience, the variety and multiple points of intercultural contact the program offered, relationships with the faculty leader, peers, and host community members, and the compassionate leadership of the faculty leader as critical factors in their intercultural growth. I found that emotions, cognitive dissonance, and critical reflection play key roles in the intercultural learning process. / Doctor of Philosophy / American society is becoming more diverse and ever more integrated with nations across the world. College graduates need to have the knowledge and skills to live and work with people from different backgrounds. Universities can prepare students better for this reality by helping them learn how to communicate and behave appropriately with people who are culturally different. One way to encourage this capacity, called intercultural competence, is for students to participate in courses that occur outside of the United States. To secure the possibility for personal and intellectual growth, it is important that professors who take students abroad carefully plan their courses. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether a group of students who went to Belize with a professor for a short service-oriented course returned with more knowledge about that country's culture and improved intercultural competence. I tested program participants before they left and after they returned to see if their intercultural competence improved. I also interviewed the students about what their experience was like and how their professor had prepared them and helped them to learn. I also talked with the program's faculty leader to determine why she had designed the course in the way that she did and whether she perceived that participating students had improved their intercultural competence. I learned several things from this research. First, the tests that students completed showed that there was not much difference in their before and after intercultural competence scores. Second, however, when I talked with participants, they did seem to have changed from going on this travel course even if the test did not show that they had experienced much growth. The students indicated they had learned a lot about themselves and about the people of the town in Belize they visited. Participants suggested that they spent a lot of time with local residents and that doing so had helped them to understand them better. Third, those experiences helped them to think about their own culture and what it means to be an American. Fourth, students bonded with each other and with their professor. As individuals and as a group, they reported experiencing a variety of emotions in reaction to the things they observed and experienced. All of these, difficult or not, helped participants to grow personally and to develop a more robust awareness of how residents of another culture view and navigate their everyday lives.

Multicultural literature can sometimes act as a window, a mirror or a sliding glass door that introduces people to different worlds that are real or unreal, familiar, or strange. Through these windows, the reader gets an insight into the lives of others, inviting readers to reflect on their views and environment. The purpose of this study is to understand how teachers include and work with multicultural literature for grades 4-6 in the Swedish subject, and how they describe and use multicultural literature in their teaching to endorse tolerance and critical consciousness. The study is based on a mixed-method approach, using a quantitative survey and a qualitative interview for indepth knowledge. The theoretical framework in this study is based on the intercultural perspective that includes central concepts such as interculturality, the intercultural pedagogical perspective, intercultural learning and intercultural competence. In summary, the result shows that there is a deficit of knowledge in how teachers can use multicultural literature in their teaching but also how they can work with intercultural learning. Based on the results from both the survey and the interviews, there is a good understanding among the respondents regarding the beneficial effect of including multicultural literature and the multicultural perspective in teaching, especially when choosing children's literature. However, there is a certain insecurity and inexperience of how to work with multicultural literature or intercultural learning, which reflects the scarcity of multicultural literature to students. Mainly because of poor access of what is classified as good quality multicultural books, but also because it is time-consuming to find the right books and activities, and a lack of a deeper intercultural pedagogical competence in the respondents.

The increased multiculturalism and globalization in both Sweden and Swedish classrooms poses new demands on history education. This knowledge overview aims to answer questions regarding Eurocentrism, one in which we dive into the consequences of the eurocentric history view and the other where we look into alternative methods to work with or against Eurocentrism in history education. The Methods to execute this knowledge overview was through a systematic search for relevant research, in which the databases Swepub och Google Scholar was used. The collected material was also supplemented with material given by a professor at Malmö University. The result in this overview conveys that there is in fact an eurocentric view in the Swedish curriculum and in history textbooks, which reflects the education that some teachers conduct. It leads to limited history knowledge and therefore are the pupils not given an equitable education. Furthermore, the presence of Eurocentrism in history education leads to structural discrimination and symbolic violence against students of ethnic backgrounds other than Swedish, as their own experiences and identities are disregarded and excluded. Regarding the second question, research outlines various methods for teachers to address and approach Eurocentrism in education. These methods tackle Eurocentrism differently, including approaches like historical self-reflection and incorporating additional narratives. Most of the methods have their own set of pros and cons, requiring adaptation based on the student composition within the classroom.

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