[pt] Esta tese discute o conceito de violência nas Relações Internacionais enquanto formula um referencial teórico alternativo que consiga articular crítica e a política a partir de um julgamento estético. Dessa maneira, o sujeito entende o mundo enquanto um fenômeno ao mesmo tempo constrói o espaço comum de significados e visibilidade. Por isso, esta tese destaca o lugar da experiência para problematizar as condições de possibilidade de compreender a violência como um fenômeno relevante. Então, a estética fornece a legibilidade através da qual podemos entender (e enquadrar) o conflito ao mesmo tempo em que destaca os limites e potencialidades deixados para a política. Este trabalho avança que a violência, dentro das metodologias tradicionais, é enquadrada pela dinâmica entre guerra e paz. No entanto, como categoria de compreensão do mundo social, argumentarei que o conflito é uma abstração teórica porque se baseia no que a realidade supostamente é. Nesse sentido, destacar como apreendemos os fenômenos permite ampliar narrativas alternativas e formas de ver o conflito e a violência nas RI. Com esse pressuposto, esta tese traz o pensamento de Walter Benjamin como um referencial inspirador para discutir o conceito de violência ao lançar luz sobre a experiência corporal da violência e o que dela resta. Para isso, vou me basear em obras de arte como suporte metodológico para compreender como apreendemos esteticamente os fenômenos. Este trabalho explora como a arte pode ser considerada um esforço epistemológico para compreender o conflito de forma diferente, além de uma representação da violência. Para seguir esse raciocínio, este trabalho considerará obras de artistas plásticos do Rio de Janeiro que discutem a violência contemporânea na cidade para destacar como a arte pode funcionar como dispositivo de pensamento e visibilidade. / [en] This thesis investigates the concept of violence in International Relations whilst formulating an alternative theoretical framework that observes critique and politics from an aesthetical judgement. It assumes aesthetics as the sensory experience of perception. The subjectivity apprehends the world as it appears to them while creating the common ground of meanings and visibility among others. Therefore, this thesis highlights the place of experience to problematise the conditions of possibility to understand violence as a relevant phenomenon. Then, the aesthetic provides the legibility through which we may understand (and frame) conflict while highlighting the limits and potentialities left for politics. This work advances that violence, within traditional methodologies, is framed by the dynamics between war and peace. Nevertheless, as a category of understanding the social world, I shall argue that conflict is a theoretical abstraction because it draws from what reality supposedly is. In this regard, highlighting how we apprehend phenomena allows an enlargement of alternative narratives and ways of seeing conflict and violence in IR. With this assumption, this thesis brings Walter Benjamin s thinking as an inspirational framework to discuss the concept of violence by shedding light on the bodily experience of violence and what is left from it. To do this, I will rely on works of art as methodological support to comprehend how we apprehend the phenomena aesthetically. This work explores how art can be considered an epistemological endeavour to comprehend conflict differently, beyond a representation of violence. To pursue this reasoning, this work will consider artworks from Rio de Janeiro s plastic artists that discuss contemporary violence in the city to highlight how art could function as a device of thinking and visibility.

This thesis examines the relationship between Japan and South Korea and the paradox of its disputes despite the economic interdependence with the relational theory of world politics by Qin (2018b). World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) complaints between the countries between the years 2016 and 2020 have been analyzed to study this. The method utilized is that of a predicate discourse analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed within the analysis as it includes the extraction of the predicates from qualitative complaint documents but additionally, a quantitative table of the predicates is generated to provide information on the frequencies and case locations of the findings. Neither the theory nor the unit of relation has been widely examined by Western international relations (IR) scholars, which allows this study to lead way for future research on the further expansion of knowledge and utilization of the relational theory. Furthermore, it provides insight into the relational object space of disputes in the relationship between the economically interdependent Japan and South Korea. The theoretical concepts of relational identity, actors as relators, hierarchy, and cultural communities in the analysis explain the existence of the paradox of disputes despite interdependence.