The scope of this research is to spark conversation among members of receiving communities concerning their attitudes toward displaced populations by using Euripides' Trojan Women as a facilitator. By many outside the Classics profession, the study of antiquity is often perceived as a discipline disconnected from current issues; however, remembering and examining the past can greatly shape the present. Ancient Greek theater is perhaps the genre that best lends itself to be scrutinized today for social purposes. In fact, it promoted introspection among the body of Athenian citizens by highlighting inequalities and imbalances in power structures between opposing parties. This study suggests that tragedies can still fulfill the same function. In particular, this essay focuses on Trojan Women, with the intent to unearth group dynamics between the Greek aggressors and the Trojan slaves, and to apply its lessons to recent humanitarian emergencies. Philological work shows that the Greeks in the play attempt to dehumanize their captives through practices of legal violence, objectification, and silencing. Nevertheless, the women find sanctuary from human annihilation through their ability to speak and to be heard. Dominant classes today employ similar techniques to disempower incoming societies and to deprive them of their political voice. Thanks to tragedy's ability to create a distancing effect through mythological narratives, public readings of Trojan Women might enable members of hosting countries to engage more readily in discussions concerning the theme of displacement that address their own biases. Therefore, this thesis argues that the analysis and reception of Trojan Women can elucidate the worldwide crisis in welcoming those seeking shelter and help groups asked to receive displaced populations make more compassionate and informed decisions.

Study abroad has been shown to improve students' linguistic and cultural competence, but students who gain their fluency abroad may struggle to adapt to the plethora of regional dialects they encounter in their studies and interactions after they've returned from their study abroad. The researchers of this study posited that learning Spanish in a domestic immersion context may improve a student's flexibility or tolerance for dialectal variation in regard to listening comprehension. Using a detailed survey and multi-dialectal listening assessment, the researchers examined the degree to which Spanish language learners, in this case 183 missionaries, were exposed to a variety of dialects, whether this exposure varied depending on region of study, and whether it affected their ability to comprehend a variety of accents. Significantly higher levels of variation were found in Spain, the U.S., and Canada, possibly due to the higher levels of Hispanic immigration to these regions. A comparison of Spain, the region with the highest average test score, and Mexico, the region with the lowest average test score, showed high practical significance (d=.8), suggesting that high levels of linguistic variation in the region of study may improve listening comprehension of multiple dialects. Pearson correlations between exposure to variation and listening test score were also positive. The researchers believe this is grounds for increased support of immersion programs both domestic and abroad, especially to areas such as Spain with high levels of linguistic diversity.

The purpose of the current study was to examine how well the Narrative Language Measure (NLM) of Listening predicts the NLM Reading measure and the extent to which brief narrative-based listening and reading comprehension assessments administered to first, second, and third grade students demonstrate symmetry and equity. A total of 1039 first graders, 395 second graders, and 501 third graders participated in this study. The students were administered the NLM Listening and NLM Reading, and their scores were examined to address the research questions. Students with incomplete data sets and students who performed 1.5 standard deviations (7th percentile based on the local dataset norms) below the mean within their respective grade using local norms on a either the first or second winter benchmark reading fluency measure were removed from the participant pool. A correlation and regression analysis indicated that the NLM Listening was weakly predictive of NLM Reading. The means and standard deviations of listening comprehension and reading comprehension were compared, with the expectation that the means from both tasks would not be significantly different. This was examined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results indicated that for the first, second, and third-grade students, while removing those who scored at or below the 7th percentile, there was a statistically significant difference between the means for both the NLM Listening Benchmark 1 and NLM Reading Benchmark 1, as well as the NLM Listening Benchmark 2 and NLM Reading Benchmark 2. An equipercentile analysis determined the first-grade students scored higher in the listening comprehension than reading, and the second and third-grade students scored higher in the reading comprehension. While the data from this study indicate that the NLM Listening is not an adequate proxy for the NLM Reading measure, this study is another step in laying a foundation that a narrative-based assessment with carefully constructed parallel forms that reflect written academic language has the potential to produce scores in listening and reading comprehension that are symmetrical and equitable, in order to justify the use of one measure as proxy for the other.

The purpose df this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Home Auditory Program of Project SKI*HI on the listening skills of its students during the years 1972-1975. The scores of two groups of children, as measured on the SKI*HI Listening Skills Scale were compared. The statistical evaluation indicated that: 1. Significant improvements in listening skills were demonstrated by one group of children during three to eleven months of treatment, and 2. The scores of this treated group were significantly superior to the non-treated group, despite a similarity in age and degree of hearing loss between the two groups.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of active listening skills on perpetrator response style in crisis negotiations. The extant literature boasts the utility of negotiations in crisis situations for law enforcement that came about in response to cataclysmic events such as the Attica Prison Riots (1971), Munich Massacre (1972), and the Williamsburg incident (1973). Various crisis negotiation models assert the importance of active listening skills in crisis negotiations; given the recent and voluminous media attention on police, this research aimed to provide further support for a cultural shift in police departments around the country to provide their officers with crisis negotiation training. These trainings allow officers to expand their arsenal of tools that decreases their need to rely on a tactical response when verbal de-escalation may be warranted to minimize risk to both officer and subject. The proposed study coded and analyzed audio recordings from the first 20 minutes of 12 simulated negotiations. The author proposed: (1) an increase in the proportion of active listening skills within the first phase of the negotiation would be associated with a decrease in the proportion of negative perpetrator response style in the second phase of the negotiation, (2) an increase in the proportion of active listening skills within the first half of the negotiation would be associated with an increase in the proportion of positive perpetrator response style in the second half of the negotiation, (3) an increase in the proportion of problem-solving utilized during the first phase of the negotiation would be associated with an increase in the proportion of negative perpetrator response style in remainder of the negotiation, and (4) an increase in the proportion of emotional labeling, paraphrasing and summarizing, and open-ended questions utilized during the first half of the negotiation would be associated with an increase in the proportion of positive perpetrator response style in the second half of the negotiation. While no significant results were identified via Pearson’s correlations, scatterplots were constructed for visual inspection of the data, which indicated potential support of hypotheses II and IV when considering the limitations of the study.

Listening, as a communication skill, is an essential factor in the normal language development of the' child. Until recently, however, there has been very little research conducted concerning the linguistic parameters that influence the ability to listen. Thus, this investigation was designed to study the effects of two linguistic parameters, construction and semantic constraints on the verbal responses of preschool children in a dichotic listening task. Fifteen children, between the ages of 5-3 to 6-8, were presented with four dichotic listening tasks consisting of 80 stimuli, (40 sentences and 40 pseudo-sentences). The children were asked to report the message delivered to their right ear. The performance of the children was analyzed according to the F-Test and the Test of Least Significant Difference. The results showed that construction errors were the only statistically significant errors (P < .05) among the six types of error types counted in the listening tasks. There were fewer construction errors made when there was a meaningful message to report than when there was a non-meaningful one. Although the semantic parameters were not statistically significant in this study, other investigations have demonstrated their influence on the report of subjects in a dichotic listening task. Therefore, a future research project should be conducted placing a greater emphasis on the semantic parameters. Additionally, a three level listening hierarchy was found. It was based upon the number of construction errors that occurred among the four dichotic listening tasks. This writer feels that future research should pursue the question of an existing hierarchy among dichotic listening tasks. Such an investigation, however, should utilize a larger population than the population tested in this study.

The present research was undertaken to determine whether a utilitarian method could be devised for directing and maintaining culturally disadvantaged students' attention to taped verbal lessons. Extraneous novel tone bell stimuli were inserted prior to the presentation of material about which the children were questioned. The purpose of the study was to learn whether the nature of the tone bell stimulus reflects the accuracy of responses due to attention having been directed to the lesson content. The author hypothesized that a combination of melody and rhythm would be most effective in attracting attention and, thus, in eliciting a greater number of correct responses.

No description available.

Sammanfattning Studien tar avstamp från min yrkeserfarenhet från då musik spelas upp i en förskolekontext. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om och hur uppspelad musik i förskolan kan beskrivas som meningsskapande aktivitet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien hämtas från begreppet musicking som myntades av Christopher Small (1998, s. 9) där musikens mening blir till genom musikaktiviteter så som lyssnande, framförande och dansande. Jag har tagit fasta på hur lyssnandet tar sig uttryck i barns aktiviteter under uppspelandet av musik. Empirin inhämtades på två svenska förskolor under våren 2023. Genom observationer av barns aktiviteter vid uppspelning av musik, och gruppsamtal med barn om hur de associerar till musik, beskrivs olika meningsskapande i ord och teckningar. En särskild metod som använts har också varit mina egna teckningar av barns aktiviteter. Resultatet visas genom kategorierna passivt lyssnande och aktivt lyssnande. Passivt lyssnande beskrivs som aktiviteter som ger en mer subtil kroppslig resonans och då ett motstånd mot den uppspelade musiken eller föredragen tystnad ges uttryck åt. Aktivt lyssnade beskrivs där lyssnandet manifesteras genom musik som ljudbilder, dans, musikframförande och musikskapande. Undersökningen beskriver meningsskapandet genom möten som uppstår mellan barn, förskolepedagoger, rum och material där relationer utforskades tillsammans med musiken. Resultatet analyseras och diskuteras, även utifrån tidigare forskning, där musikval, som kan ses som en av de förberedande aktiviteterna av musicking, lyfts fram. Det relationella och subjektiva lyssnandet uppmärksammas och avslutningsvis beskrivs hur undersökningen tillsammans med begreppet musicking kan vidga synen på musikundervisning. / Abstract Title: Musical tracks – A study of music in preschool This study is based on my professional experience of music being played in a preschool context. The aim of the study is to examine if and how music played at preschool could be a “meaning-making” activity. The theoretical starting point is the concept of musicking developed by Christopher Small (1998, p. 9). In this concept the meaning of music is created through musical activities such as listening, performing and dancing. I have focused on how listening expresses itself in children's activities when music is played in the background. The data was gathered at two Swedish preschools in the spring of 2023. Through observations of children's activities when recorded music was playing in the background, I discovered different “meaning-making” in the children’s actions, words and drawings. I also used drawing as a method to gather data while observing the music activities. The results are presented through two categories, passive and active listening. Passive listening is described as activities that produced a more subtle bodily resonance and when a resistance to the background music or a preference for silence was expressed. Active listening is described when the listening is manifested through music such as sound images, dance, performance and/or creation of music. The study shows how creation of meaning occurs between children, preschool teachers, rooms, and materials where relationships are explored together with music. The results are analysed and discussed based on previous research where music selection is highlighted, which can be seen as one of the preparatory activities of musicking. Focus is on relational and subjective listening. In conclusion, the research, show along with the concept of musicking, that the view of music education can be broadened.

During recent public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of over, false and misinformation in social media, resulted in an exponential use of digital social listening methodologies- in summary defined as collection and analysis of voices, concerns and/or perceptions expressed by individuals and communities- as part of the humanitarian response.  This raises the question on how those social listening findings are being used and influence emergency responses, while also addressing affected people’s needs and concerns, as part of the Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) mandate- an obligation of every organisation on the ground to place people affected by crisis at the centre of humanitarian action and promote respect for their human rights.  Trough the comparative analyses of social listening reports and a mixed survey responded by Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) practitioners, using COVID-19 context as an example, this project helps understanding the role social listening has had in humanitarian responses, while providing possible ways to better connect social listening to programming.  On way forward is urgent to harmonise the definition of social listening and clearly distinguish social media listening and its limited role in terms of communities’ participation, while acknowledging the risk of exclusion of digital channels in general. Social listening cannot continue to be limited to the RCCE field, but involve other programme sectors, besides effectively engaging governments, civil society and affected populations. Offline mechanisms seem to be better shaped to address inclusion, localisation and contextualisation (and AAP in general), and therefore the need to invest in specific community-based mechanisms and/or systems that combine online with offline tools. For accountability purposes, monitoring action taken based on Social Listening findings and evaluating how it impacted programmes, it is an urgent priority. Besides the obvious humanitarian obligation of communicating (looping) back to communities what was done with their voices.