In the euro area interest rates have dropped low for almost a decade now and it is anticipated to endure in the years to come. This creates challenges for banks performance, therefore this paper observes whether interest rates effect bank profitability. Further investigating whether loan growth should be an important factor to also consider in the model. We use data for 72 banks from various countries in the Eurozone for the period 2006-2016 and conduct a panel data analysis on this data. Results show that loan growth is not significant and is not a vital component to be included in the model. We find a negative significant relationship between the spread which compromises of long-term deposit rates minus the interest rate controlled by the European Central Bank. This suggests that, a decrease in interest rates can and had eroded bank profitability in the euro area.

My graduation theses write about models of back-payment mortgage. I compare situation of Czech Republic and abroad.

This study examines empirically the transition, persistence, and loan demand in the rural credit market using panel data. The data was collected for seven rounds (1994-2009) from 15 villages in Ethiopia. The sample size is about 1500 households for each round. . Chapter one examines the determinants of simultaneous borrowing and lending. We also investigate why some households in rural Ethiopia simultaneously borrow and lend. Who are these households? Panel logit model is estimated for the sub-sample of borrowers and lenders. The result suggests that households that simultaneously borrows and lends are relatively better-off households. The probability of being a simultaneous borrower and lender is higher for households with strong village level networks. Moreover, households that are affected by common shock are more likely to be a simultaneous borrower and lender. Chapter two examines the dynamics and persistence in the rural credit markets in Ethiopia. It also examines the determinants of dynamics and persistence in borrowing and lending. Duration, dynamic probit, and dynamic multinomial logit models are estimated. We control for unobserved heterogeneity and initial condition. The result reveals the existence of positive duration dependence in both only borrowing households and simultaneously lending and borrowing households. The longer the duration as a borrower, the more likely to exit from borrowing. The longer the duration out of borrowing, the more likely to re-enter to borrowing. Off-farm work, fertilizer use, household size, and storing crop are an important determinant of the probability of exit from borrowing. There is also true state dependence in lending, borrowing, and simultaneously borrowing and lending households. This means the probability of being a borrower in the current period is highly correlated with being in the same state in the previous period. Poverty status, flood, labor sharing, membership in mutual help association, total oxen owned, storing crop, off-farm activities, and fertilizer use are an important determinant of the probability of being a borrower. Chapter three examines the determinants of demand for credit in rural Ethiopia. Bias due to data truncation, variation of the interest rate, and using loan data from a single source are the challenges in estimating demand for credit in the context of rural credit market. This study captures data truncation by estimating a panel Tobit model. The variation in the interest rate is also controlled by using village dummies and their interaction with the source of the loan. Total loan obtained from multiple sources is used as a dependent variable. The result reveals that initial endowment proxied by the value of assets, household size, the age of the head of the households, transitory income, and real per capita consumption are the most important determinants of demand for credit.

La mise à disposition est une notion récente – à l’échelle du droit français – qui n’a réellement intégré le domaine juridique qu’au siècle dernier. A travers elle, c’est le phénomène d’évolution de la langue juridique qui peut être observé, les raisons et le processus de l’intégration d’un terme de la langue courante au sein du langage juridique. Par ailleurs, l’ampleur et la rapidité avec lesquelles la locution « mise à disposition » s’est répandue dans les textes du droit français montrent à quel point la formule répond à un besoin des praticiens. Pourtant, la notion de mise à disposition ne présente, à première vue, aucune cohérence et son utilisation normative recèle de nombreuses contradictions. L’étude approfondie de la mise à disposition permet toutefois de découvrir une notion homogène sous la forme d’une « licence d’utilisation », notion qui appelle un régime particulier. La mise en exergue par l’étude de la mise à disposition de certaines singularités juridiques ouvre d’ailleurs la voie à une réflexion plus large portant sur la pertinence de certaines classifications classiques, notamment quant aux catégories de choses et quant à la distinction droits réels / droits personnels. / The provision is a recent notion - across the French law - which has really integrated the legal scope in the last century. Through it, the phenomenon of legal language evolution can be observed, the reasons and the process of integrating a term of the current language in the legal language. Moreover, the extent and speed with which the "provision" phrase has spread in the texts of French law show how the formula meets the need of practitioners. Yet the notion of providing presents, at first glance, no consistency and normative use conceals many contradictions.However, the comprehensive study of the provision give the opportunity to discover a homogeneous concept as a "license to use" concept that calls a special regime. The discovery of certain legal singularities also opens the way for a broader reflection on the relevance of certain conventional classifications, particularly as regards the categories of things and on the distinction real rights / personal rights.

This thesis deals with the multicriterial decision of the alternatives housing finance. It is divided into two parts - the first one deals with the theoretical definition of the mortgage loans to the individuals as well as it deals the areas of multicriterial decision methods. The second part is devoted to the selection of a suitable bank mortgage loan for the client, based on the methods of multicriterial decision of the options. Selection of the optimal mortgage loan is divided into two different scenarios - buying an apartment and building a house.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a importância dos estrangeirismos como auxiliares e contribuintes no nível léxico da Língua. Também, investigar o quadro sócio-histórico-cultural dos principais momentos em que os empréstimos linguísticos se fizeram presentes na Música Brasileira. Trata-se de um trabalho quantitativo e qualitativo, no qual se rastreou exatamente a presença desses neologismos no cancioneiro nacional, dos idos de 1930 aos dias atuais. Apontamos os momentos de sua maior incidência, aventamos e desvelamos as possíveis intenções de suas utilizações e seus significados, tácitos ou não; quer relacionados a aspectos sócio-históricos, quer relacionados aos seus vieses linguísticos propriamente ditos. Letras de músicas, fonogramas lançados em vinil, remasterizados; recursos audiovisuais foram buscados; assim como publicações específicas sobre música, biografias e literatura técnica sobre Língua Portuguesa / The aim of this paper is achieving the importance of foreign expressions and their contribution to the lexical level of the language. Also, it reports the social, historical and cultural aspects and moments that those loan words have been presented in the Brazilian songbook since 1930, through a quantitative and qualitative point of view. It points out the circumstances of their major appearance in music and reveals specific intentions of their political, social or linguistic uses. Lyrics, records, CDs, audiovisual Internet resources were searched, as though biographies and technical literature about music and Portuguese language

Purpose - the purpose of this thesis is to investigate earnings management in an emerging economy without market force. We use discretionary loan loss provisions (DLLP) to proxy earnings management, which constitute a material portion of the total accruals in the banking industry. We examine this abnormal behavior in the financial statements prepared under US GAAP and IFRS. Specifically, we try to find the differences in managerial opportunistic behavior that might exist in the two accounting regimes. We also examine the micro economy and regulatory factors that might influence the earnings behavior in the banks. Design/method/approach - This empirical investigation uses an unbalanced panel data of five commercial banks in Liberia for a period of six years, 2010 to 2012 before and 2013 to 2016 after IFRS adoption. The data generated from the audited financial statements of the commercial banks were analyzed with two sample t test and multiple linear regression. We also run robustness check with same statistical procedures to validate the results. Findings - the empirical results show a statistically insignificant difference in earnings management after the adoption of IFRS, which means the introduction of IFRS did not have significant effect on earnings management practices in the banks. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between Liberia GDP growth and DLLP. Finally, we discovered a positive insignificant relationship between the capital adequacy ratio and DLLP as predicted. Originality/value - the result of this thesis advances the understanding of earnings management under US GAAP and IFRS in an emerging economy. As most of the existing literature conducted on earnings management are mainly focused on developed economy with capital market and data from non-financial institutions. This thesis fills a gap in the existing literature by studying managerial discretion in an unusual environment. The results of our findings inform regulators, investors, auditors and standards setters considering IFRS adoption.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scabora_mh_me_ilha.pdf: 168017 bytes, checksum: 044a7eb62fa7c98f543c3a7e851d2e1d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A construção de usinas hidrelétricas, mesmo que necessária, causam degradação do solo, expondo o subsolo e originar as áreas de empréstimo. Intervenções nessas áreas, escolhendo metodologia e selecionando espécies de plantas, podem acelerar sua regeneração, permitindo o processo sucessional. Fungos micorrízicos são eficientes na aquisição de água e nutrientes do solo, melhorando o crescimento das plantas, além de participar da agregação e estruturação do solo e, conseqüentemente, na sua recuperação. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a atividade microbiana (quantificação do carbono de CO2 liberado), fertilidade e a diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) de espécies arbóreas de cerrado, crescendo em áreas de cerrado degradadas. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE), da UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 2 x 11, ou seja, duas áreas (pastagem degradada e subsolo exposto) e 11 espécies arbóreas, com quatro repetições, composta cada uma pela média de cinco plantas por espécie arbórea, por repetição. Nas covas foram depositados adubos orgânicos (1 1/2 composto) e químico (baseado no resultado da análise química), além de 50 mL de solo proveniente de uma área preservada de cerrado, como fonte de inóculo de microrganismos. Após dois anos de implantação do experimento, o solo e subsolo foram coletados, na profundidade 0 - 0,10 m) e usados na avaliação das características químicas e microbiológicas, como: quantificação do carbono do CO2 (C-CO2) liberado, número de esporos de FMA, porcentagem de colonização por FMA (COL)... / The construction of hydreletric, even so necessaries, causes soil degradation, and may expose the subsoil and originate the soil borrow areas. Interventions in such degraded areas, choosing metodologies and selecting plant species, can accelerate its regeneration, allowing the succession process. Mycorrhizal fungi are efficients on the transfering of water and nutrients from the soil to the plant, increasing the plant growth, as well as, participating on soil agregation and structuration process and, consequentely, its recuperation. This research had as objective to evaluate the microbial activity (quantification of evolution CO2 carbon (CCO2)), soil fertility and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in tree species, growing in degraded cerrado areas. The research was conducted at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm, UNESP - São Paulo State University, the College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, located at Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 11 factorial, i.e., two areas (degraded pasture soil and exposed subsoil) and 11 tree species, with four replications, each one consisting of five plants. On the pit were dumpped organic (1 1/2 L de compostagem) and chemical (based on the chemical analysis results) fertilizers and 50 mL of. soil from a cerado preserved areas as microrganisms inoculum. One year after the deployment of the experiment, soil / subsoil and roots were collected (depth of 0,00 - 0,10 m) and used to evaluate chemical and microbialogical characteristics, such as, quantification of evoluted CCO2 (C-CO2), number of AMF spores (NSPO), percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (COL) and identification of the native AMF species. Conclusion: a) after two years, the subsoil remained poor in nutrients, when compared to...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato / Banca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Rosilaine Carrenho / Resumo: A construção de usinas hidrelétricas, mesmo que necessária, causam degradação do solo, expondo o subsolo e originar as "áreas de empréstimo". Intervenções nessas áreas, escolhendo metodologia e selecionando espécies de plantas, podem acelerar sua regeneração, permitindo o processo sucessional. Fungos micorrízicos são eficientes na aquisição de água e nutrientes do solo, melhorando o crescimento das plantas, além de participar da agregação e estruturação do solo e, conseqüentemente, na sua recuperação. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a atividade microbiana (quantificação do carbono de CO2 liberado), fertilidade e a diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) de espécies arbóreas de cerrado, crescendo em áreas de cerrado degradadas. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE), da UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 2 x 11, ou seja, duas áreas (pastagem degradada e subsolo exposto) e 11 espécies arbóreas, com quatro repetições, composta cada uma pela média de cinco plantas por espécie arbórea, por repetição. Nas covas foram depositados adubos orgânicos (1 1/2 composto) e químico (baseado no resultado da análise química), além de 50 mL de solo proveniente de uma área preservada de cerrado, como fonte de inóculo de microrganismos. Após dois anos de implantação do experimento, o solo e subsolo foram coletados, na profundidade 0 - 0,10 m) e usados na avaliação das características químicas e microbiológicas, como: quantificação do carbono do CO2 (C-CO2) liberado, número de esporos de FMA, porcentagem de colonização por FMA (COL) ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The construction of hydreletric, even so necessaries, causes soil degradation, and may expose the subsoil and originate the "soil borrow areas". Interventions in such degraded areas, choosing metodologies and selecting plant species, can accelerate its regeneration, allowing the succession process. Mycorrhizal fungi are efficients on the transfering of water and nutrients from the soil to the plant, increasing the plant growth, as well as, participating on soil agregation and structuration process and, consequentely, its recuperation. This research had as objective to evaluate the microbial activity (quantification of evolution CO2 carbon (CCO2)), soil fertility and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in tree species, growing in degraded cerrado areas. The research was conducted at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm, UNESP - São Paulo State University, the College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, located at Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 11 factorial, i.e., two areas (degraded pasture soil and exposed subsoil) and 11 tree species, with four replications, each one consisting of five plants. On the pit were dumpped organic (1 1/2 L de compostagem) and chemical (based on the chemical analysis results) fertilizers and 50 mL of. soil from a cerado preserved areas as microrganisms inoculum. One year after the deployment of the experiment, soil / subsoil and roots were collected (depth of 0,00 - 0,10 m) and used to evaluate chemical and microbialogical characteristics, such as, quantification of evoluted CCO2 (C-CO2), number of AMF spores (NSPO), percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (COL) and identification of the native AMF species. Conclusion: a) after two years, the subsoil remained poor in nutrients, when compared to...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a importância dos estrangeirismos como auxiliares e contribuintes no nível léxico da Língua. Também, investigar o quadro sócio-histórico-cultural dos principais momentos em que os empréstimos linguísticos se fizeram presentes na Música Brasileira. Trata-se de um trabalho quantitativo e qualitativo, no qual se rastreou exatamente a presença desses neologismos no cancioneiro nacional, dos idos de 1930 aos dias atuais. Apontamos os momentos de sua maior incidência, aventamos e desvelamos as possíveis intenções de suas utilizações e seus significados, tácitos ou não; quer relacionados a aspectos sócio-históricos, quer relacionados aos seus vieses linguísticos propriamente ditos. Letras de músicas, fonogramas lançados em vinil, remasterizados; recursos audiovisuais foram buscados; assim como publicações específicas sobre música, biografias e literatura técnica sobre Língua Portuguesa / The aim of this paper is achieving the importance of foreign expressions and their contribution to the lexical level of the language. Also, it reports the social, historical and cultural aspects and moments that those loan words have been presented in the Brazilian songbook since 1930, through a quantitative and qualitative point of view. It points out the circumstances of their major appearance in music and reveals specific intentions of their political, social or linguistic uses. Lyrics, records, CDs, audiovisual Internet resources were searched, as though biographies and technical literature about music and Portuguese language