Esta dissertação tem como foco de interesse empírico as articulações entre trabalho, deslocamento e indocumentação e sua incidência sobre o acesso das classes populares às políticas públicas e aos serviços do Estado disponíveis na fronteira brasileiro-uruguaia. Demonstro, em minha análise, como diferentes percursos migratórios são matizados pela presença das instituições estatais, pelo controle das divisas políticas e pela operatória local das clivagens de classe, conduzindo à situações de “margem” a partir das quais os sujeitos negociam suas possibilidades de acesso à cidadania e plasmam suas expectativas a respeito do lugar que podem ou devem ocupar na sociedade. Ao enfatizar essas negociações, proponho interpretar os circuitos de deslocamento empreendidos pelos setores subalternos nas fronteiras do Cone Sul, não apenas como cenários de exclusão e dominação, mas também como contextos de criação e agência, onde os próprios fundamentos da cidadania e do pertencimento podem ser problematizados e, por vezes, ampliados em favor da inclusão e do exercício dos direitos. / This research focuses empiricaly on the interplay between work, displacement and the lack of documentation and its effects on the access of popular classes to public policies and State services in Brazilian-Uruguayan border. I demonstrate in my analysis how different migratory itineraries are nuanced by the presence of state institutions, the border control and the locally prevailing class cleavages, leading to "margin" situations in which individuals must negotiate their access to citizenship and build expectations about the place that they can occupy in society. By emphasizing these negotiations, I propose to interpret displacement circuits undertaken by subaltern sectors in the South Cone borders not only as scenarios of exclusion and domination, but also as contexts of creation and agency, where the very foundations of citizenship and belonging can be problematized and sometimes extended in favor of the inclusion and recognition of rights.

Esta dissertação tem como foco de interesse empírico as articulações entre trabalho, deslocamento e indocumentação e sua incidência sobre o acesso das classes populares às políticas públicas e aos serviços do Estado disponíveis na fronteira brasileiro-uruguaia. Demonstro, em minha análise, como diferentes percursos migratórios são matizados pela presença das instituições estatais, pelo controle das divisas políticas e pela operatória local das clivagens de classe, conduzindo à situações de “margem” a partir das quais os sujeitos negociam suas possibilidades de acesso à cidadania e plasmam suas expectativas a respeito do lugar que podem ou devem ocupar na sociedade. Ao enfatizar essas negociações, proponho interpretar os circuitos de deslocamento empreendidos pelos setores subalternos nas fronteiras do Cone Sul, não apenas como cenários de exclusão e dominação, mas também como contextos de criação e agência, onde os próprios fundamentos da cidadania e do pertencimento podem ser problematizados e, por vezes, ampliados em favor da inclusão e do exercício dos direitos. / This research focuses empiricaly on the interplay between work, displacement and the lack of documentation and its effects on the access of popular classes to public policies and State services in Brazilian-Uruguayan border. I demonstrate in my analysis how different migratory itineraries are nuanced by the presence of state institutions, the border control and the locally prevailing class cleavages, leading to "margin" situations in which individuals must negotiate their access to citizenship and build expectations about the place that they can occupy in society. By emphasizing these negotiations, I propose to interpret displacement circuits undertaken by subaltern sectors in the South Cone borders not only as scenarios of exclusion and domination, but also as contexts of creation and agency, where the very foundations of citizenship and belonging can be problematized and sometimes extended in favor of the inclusion and recognition of rights.

Esta dissertação tem como foco de interesse empírico as articulações entre trabalho, deslocamento e indocumentação e sua incidência sobre o acesso das classes populares às políticas públicas e aos serviços do Estado disponíveis na fronteira brasileiro-uruguaia. Demonstro, em minha análise, como diferentes percursos migratórios são matizados pela presença das instituições estatais, pelo controle das divisas políticas e pela operatória local das clivagens de classe, conduzindo à situações de “margem” a partir das quais os sujeitos negociam suas possibilidades de acesso à cidadania e plasmam suas expectativas a respeito do lugar que podem ou devem ocupar na sociedade. Ao enfatizar essas negociações, proponho interpretar os circuitos de deslocamento empreendidos pelos setores subalternos nas fronteiras do Cone Sul, não apenas como cenários de exclusão e dominação, mas também como contextos de criação e agência, onde os próprios fundamentos da cidadania e do pertencimento podem ser problematizados e, por vezes, ampliados em favor da inclusão e do exercício dos direitos. / This research focuses empiricaly on the interplay between work, displacement and the lack of documentation and its effects on the access of popular classes to public policies and State services in Brazilian-Uruguayan border. I demonstrate in my analysis how different migratory itineraries are nuanced by the presence of state institutions, the border control and the locally prevailing class cleavages, leading to "margin" situations in which individuals must negotiate their access to citizenship and build expectations about the place that they can occupy in society. By emphasizing these negotiations, I propose to interpret displacement circuits undertaken by subaltern sectors in the South Cone borders not only as scenarios of exclusion and domination, but also as contexts of creation and agency, where the very foundations of citizenship and belonging can be problematized and sometimes extended in favor of the inclusion and recognition of rights.

The main concern of this master thesis is the introduction of a new reporting system at EDUA Group, s.r.o. The first goal of the thesis is to analyse the current condition of the reports. Part of this goal is to analyse the company's source systems, controlling, and the reports themselves. The second goal of the thesis was determined thanks to this findings. The second goal is the proposal of the new reports. With this goal are linked the proposals how to improve the current situation in company reporting.

La jonction triple des Afars relie la mer Rouge, le golfe d'Aden et le rift éthiopien. Il est possible d'y étudier les différents stades d'extension depuis le rifting actif jusqu'aux marges continentales passives. Si l'extension et l'activité magmatique sont généralement considérées comme étant restreintes aux segments actifs des rifts ou aux dorsales océaniques, il existe pourtant une activité magmatique sur les flancs des marges continentales passives de l'Afar, du sud de la mer Rouge et du golfe d'Aden. La tomographie de bruit et la tomographie télésismique sont des méthodes complémentaires qui permettent d'imager la croûte ou le manteau supérieur et de mettre en évidence des systèmes magmatiques. Nos études de tomographie ont mis en évidence la présence de systèmes magmatiques complexes sous les flancs du rift Afar, en lien avec des sources hydrothermales en surface. La mise en place de matériel magmatique dense sous forme d'intrusions ou sous-plaqué au niveau de la croûte inférieure de l'Afar accommode l'extension en dehors des segments magmatiques actifs. De plus, les flancs de la marge de la mer Rouge au Yémen sont affectés par un magmatisme provoqué par des remontées localisées de matériel mantellique depuis une large zone de manteau anormalement chaud. Nous suggérons également, sous les épaules des marges passives de l'est du golfe d'Aden, la présence de systèmes magmatiques avec ou sans expression volcanique à la surface. Ces systèmes pourraient être alimentés par des cellules de convection petite échelle se mettant en place à la faveur de variations d'épaisseur de la lithosphère, en bordure de marge et à proximité des grandes zones de fracture du golfe d'Aden. / The Afar triple junction is a unique region that links the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Ethiopian rift, and where it is possible to study the different stages of continental breakup, from early rifting to seafloor spreading and development of continental passive margins. Extension and magmatic activity are generally thought to be restricted to the active volcanic segments of the rift or to oceanic ridges. However, magmatic activity is also present on the continental margins flanks of the Afar rift, southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The ambient noise tomography and teleseismic body-wave tomography are complementary methods that allow imaging the crust and upper mantle, and help to reveal magmatic systems. Our tomographic studies of the Afar region provide evidence for the presence of complex magmatic systems under the Afar rift flanks, currently modifying the crust and linked with hydrothermal systems near the surface. The emplacement of intruded or under-plated dense magmatic material in the Afar lower crust accommodates the extension outside of the active magmatic segments. In addition, the Red Sea margin flanks in Yemen are affected by magmatism caused by localized small-scale upwellings of mantle material, from a broad abnormally hot mantle zone located beneath Afar and southwestern Yemen. We also suggest the presence of magmatic systems with or without a volcanic expression at the surface, beneath the passive margins shoulders of the eastern Gulf of Aden. We propose that these systems could be fed by small-scale convection caused by lithosphere thickness variations at the edge of the Arabian plate and near the Gulf of Aden main fracture zones.

Les espaces de la Cité antique sont définis par la traditionnelle dichotomie opposant intérieur et extérieur, ville et campagne. Le travail présenté ici s’intéresse à l’ensemble formé par la ville et ses espaces périurbains en Méditerranée occidentale, dans le but de réviser notre vision du fait urbain antique. L’évolution récente de la recherche et le développement des études périurbaines tendent à considérer les marges urbaines comme un tissu conjonctif entre la cité et son territoire rural. Par la diversité des exemples présentés et les fenêtres d’étude de Cumes et de Pompéi, nous tentons d’identifier les processus de croissance ou de régression de ces espaces, leurs éléments constitutifs et leurs relations avec la cité ainsi que leurs aspects spatiaux, religieux, économiques et sociaux. Sans remettre en question le rôle central de la ville, nous soulignons les imbrications et les complémentarités existant entre ces divers composants des agglomérations antiques. La démarche historiographique, diachronique et comparatiste, complétée par deux études inédites de terrain à Cumes et à Pompéi, vise à définir les limites urbaines, les fonctions périurbaines, les zones de contrôle, d’influence et d’exclusion et les interdépendances dans une dynamique montrant les pulsations à l’œuvre dans l’ensemble composé par la ville antique et ses périphéries sur la longue durée. / The areas of the ancient City are defined by the traditional dichotomy opposing inside and outside, city and countryside. This work studies the couple formed by the city and its periurban spaces in the western Mediterranean, in order to revise our vision of the ancient urban fact. The recent evolution of research on this topic and the development of peri-urban studies tend to consider urban margins as a connective tissue between the city and its rural territory. Through the diversity of the examples analyzed and through the case studies of Cumae and Pompeii, we try to identify the processes of growth and/or regression of these areas, their constituent elements and their relationships with the city as well as their spatial religious, economic and social aspects. Without challenging the central role of the city, we emphasize the interlinkages and complementarities between the main components of the ancient agglomerations: centre, periphery and countryside. The historiographic, diachronic and comparative approach, completed by two unpublished archaeological excavations at Cumae and Pompeii, aims to define urban boundaries, periurban functions, zones of control, influence and exclusion as well as interdependencies in a dynamics showing the historical pulsations of the couple formed by the ancient city and its peripheries over the longue durée.

Objet d’un intérêt tardif dans la recherche universitaire, la musique noise représente pourtant une forme d’art emblématique de l’underground sonore. Elle porte et cristallise une approche radicale en faisant du bruit sa matière, en se jouant de la forme et du développement, en hybridant ses territoires stylistiques. Les pratiques de jeu ne signent plus la suprématie de l’instrument ni de la composition, mais se placent sous le régime d’une expérimentation ludique et bricoleuse. On n’évalue plus la qualité musicale selon le niveau de compétence technique de l’artiste, tandis que les modalités d’écoute sollicitent de manière spécifique le corps et l’environnement. Les pratiques de production, d’organisation et de diffusion de la musique, empruntes de l’éthos du Do it Yourself (DIY) placent l’autonomie, la polyvalence et l’amateurisme au cœur de ce monde de l’art. A partir d’une approche interdisciplinaire marquée par la musicologie, l’esthétique et les sciences sociales, cette thèse entend questionner, à partir d’analyses musicales, d’archives de presse, d’enquêtes, de cartographies et d’une ethnographie menée au sein de la scène parisienne, comment la musique noise et les pratiques sociales qui l’accompagnent nous interrogent sur nos manières conventionnelles d’appréhender ce qu’est la musique et même une « bonne » musique, la figure du musicien, les intermédiaires artistiques ou la scène du concert, au regard de ce qui semble sans doute constituer un nouveau paradigme contemporain de l’expérimentation. / Although noise music has only recently become an object of interest for academic research, it still represents a form of art emblematic of the underground music scene. It is characterized by a radical approach which implies using noise as work material, playing with form and development, and hybridizing its stylistic territories. This approach is reflected by playing practices in which the emphasis is no longer laid on the supremacy of instruments and composition, but rather on playful and makeshift experimentation. Musical quality is not assessed on the artist’s technical skills anymore, while the listening conditions call for a specific implication of both body and environment. The practices of production, organization, and diffusion of music, borrowing from the éthos of DIY, place autonomy, versatility, and amateurism at the heart of this art world. This PhD research, based on musical analyses, press archives, field surveys, topographies, and an ethnographic study of the Parisian scene, proposes an interdisciplinary approach marked by musicology, aesthetics, and social sciences. Its aim is to question the way noise music and its specific social practices challenge the manner in which we conventionally apprehend what we consider as music, and even “good” music, the image of the musician, the artistic intermediaries or the stage, in light of what seems to constitute a new contemporary paradigm of experimentation.

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’impact de la surliquidité sur la rentabilité des banques au Cameroun. Les analyses sont axées sur la rentabilité globale mesurée par le rendement de l’actif (ROA) et la rentabilité des capitaux propres (ROE) et sur les marges d’intermédiation (MI). La partie empirique a été conduite sur un échantillon de 10 banques (4 locales et 6 étrangères) observées sur la période 2001-2010. Afin d’évaluer cet impact, nous utilisons la méthode de régression des moindres carrés généralisés (MCG) appliquée aux données de panel. Les résultats des estimations montrent que la surliquidité influence négativement la rentabilité des banques. En outre, cet impact négatif est plus marqué pour les banques locales avec les MI, et pour les banques étrangères avec la ROA et la ROE. Les banques doivent ainsi adapter leurs activités aux besoins de la clientèle et aux contraintes environnementales. / The objective of this study is to assess the impact of excess liquidity on the profitability of banks in Cameroon. The analyzes are focused on the overall profitability as measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), and intermediation margins (IM). The empirical part was conducted on a sample of 10 banks observed over the period 2001-2010 (4 local banks and 6 foreign banks). To assess this impact, we use the method of Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression applied to panel data. The estimation results show that the excess liquidity negatively impact the profitability of banks. In addition, this negative impact is stronger for local banks with IM, and foreign banks with ROA and ROE. Banks must adapt their activities to the needs of customers and environmental constraints.

Voltage stability is the ability of a power system to maintain acceptable voltages at all buses under normal and abnormal operating conditions. The scarcity of reactive power or reactive power imbalance is the main reason of voltage instabilities. The energy supply of Germany will be dominated by renewable energy sources (RES) within energy transition actions leading to a decrease in conventional power plants especially in the transmission grid. Since the conventional power plants are still main reactive power sources, key challenge in the future will be the provision of system services such as control of reactive power to maintain voltage stability in the transmission networks. A wide range of technology that is able to provide the required dynamic reactive power compensation is already available. However, in order to find the most effective implementation, it is necessary to investigate and compare these different technologies for a voltage stable grid operation. The main challenge regarding comparative studies that incorporate reactive power compensation devices is the development and the implementation of reliable comparison strategies. This thesis analyses the impact of reactive power on the voltage stability phenomena both in long-term and short-term time frames under various grid situations. Voltage stability margins in the long-term time frame are quantified by gradually increasing the reactive power injection into certain buses until the voltage collapses. Voltage stability in the short-term time frame is assessed by applying grid faults and simulating the time-domain grid response. A transient voltage severity ratio (TVSR) is developed in this thesis as the main comparison metric to evaluate and compare the performance of investigated compensation devices. Additionally, TVSR and other developed comparison metrics in this thesis are used to determine the optimal settings of the controller parameters of compensation devices. As a result, the submitted thesis shows a practical and reliable approach to analyze the performance of different compensation devices under different grid situations.

The vehicle industry have for many years improved the design of car motors and iterated the control systems associated with it. The systems have become very complex and hard to understand because of this work process. It is today very difficult to perform evaluations of the engine's performance or components theoretically at Powertrain Engineering Sweden (PES). This thesis proposes a test method to estimate the robustness, in terms of stability margins, of the air charge throttle control loop using measurement data. Alternative test methods are also presented, for example system identification performed with MATLAB's SITB. The proposed test method superimposes a sine wave upon the control signal in a closed loop system. The control signal is measured after it is superimposed and after it have made one round trip around the loop. These two signals is regarded as sine in and sine out. The phase shift and relation in amplitude are estimated from the measurements and the robustness is presented by Bode plots. The method finds the phase shift from the time difference between the zero-crossings of the input- and output signal. The relation in amplitude is found by looking at the total sum of the absolute value sine wave. Extensive testing with different tunings of the P-part of the air charge controller shows that the proposed method correctly identifies if the systems stability margins have become larger or smaller. For nine measurements with different P-tunings it is seen that the magnitude curves stay separate throughout the whole Bode plot. It is also shown that the gain margins are decreasing for every increase in P-value. The overall results and findings in this thesis are promising and can act as a foundation for future thesis' work to come.