<p>A través de un análisis de dos protagonistas en dos libros diferentes de Mario Vargas Llosa: Pantaleón de Pantaleón y las visitadoras y Ricardo de Travesuras de la niña mala, se investiga en este estudio si los personajes del análisis tienen rasgos que, según las teorías elegidas pueden verse como masculinos. Al principio del trabajo se presentan algunos estudios científicos y sus resultados de la investigación sobre lo que es la masculinidad. Luego, en el análisis, se investigan las características de los dos personajes en relación a tres puntos teóricos (relaciones extramatrimoniales con mujeres de clase subordinada, confirmación de la masculinidad teniendo relaciones extramatrimoniales y logos y el hombre racional), cada cual conteniendo diferentes aspectos de la masculinidad. En oposición a nuestra hipótesis, que el Pantaleón de Pantaleón y las visitadoras iba a tener más rasgos comunes con la teoría que Ricardo en Travesuras de la niña mala, hemos visto que, Pantaleón se aparta bastante de la teoría, sobre todo en cuanto a la racionalidad. Existen, tanto semejanzas entre los dos personajes y la teoría, como diferencias. En cuanto al concepto de la masculinidad, hemos visto en el análisis que, al igual que lo que dicen los teóricos presentados, la masculinidad puede cambiar o variarse con el tiempo, ya que los libros fueron escritos en dos épocas diferentes.</p>

El presente trabajo desarrolla un estudio de paralelo entre tres momentos de la narrativa hispanoamericana (Pre Boom, Boom y Post Boom) mediante el análisis de técnica narrativa de tres obras pertenecientes a dichos momentos, a saber: Alienación de Julio Ramón Ribeyro, El Hablador de Mario Vargas Llosa y Un mundo para Julius de Alfredo Bryce Echenique. Estas obras, por ser de autores tan reconocidos, son representantes dignas cada una de su etapa en la narrativa hispanoamericana. Para realizar este estudio situamos en el tiempo los tres momentos de la narrativa a analizar, es decir, hemos considerado el contexto histórico y social que envolvió a cada uno de los escritores analizados y a las obras en cuestión. Además, hacemos referencia a las características de la literatura hispanoamericana y peruana del siglo XX de manera general. Resulta imprescindible, por ser motivo de esta tesis, realizar el análisis de técnica narrativa de cada una de las obras mencionadas para luego establecer el paralelo entre ellas. Cada obra es una pieza representativa de uno de los momentos y su análisis da pie a una generalización. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-10-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_aa_me_assis.pdf: 594969 bytes, checksum: 690e273e3f2eb5cbed7519186fc9c784 (MD5) / Este estudo tem como eixo central, em uma perspectiva comparatista, tanto o exame das relações entre os discursos ficcional e histórico, quanto a análise dos recursos narrativos presentes no romance histórico La fiesta del chivo (2000), de Mario Vargas Llosa. A obra reinventa os discursos que referem a história da chamada Era de Trujillo da República Dominicana, construindo-se, dentre outros procedimentos poéticos, por meio das categorias estruturais da carnavalização, paródia, dialogismo e intertextualidade. Em função delas, o romance reescreve e problematiza as asserções da história, promovendo, no âmbito poético, novas visões dos fatos do passado. Para o exame dos eventos históricos presentes na narrativa ficcional, este estudo resgata a história da República Dominicana no período que compreende de 1930 a 1961, intervalo temporal que se presentifica na ficção. Além disso, discute brevemente o processo criador de Mario Vargas Llosa, tomando-o como acesso às especificidades do romance focalizado. A análise literária destaca a revisão paródica, que empreende o romance, do mito de Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, o homem forte do período histórico assinalado, e ressalta sua conseqüente desmitificação, que torna evidente a dimensão humana do protagonista. Em conseqüência de tal procedimento, o romance carnavaliza a história, evocando outras possibilidades de leitura dos discursos oficiais. / This study aims to analyze, from a comparatist perspective, both the relations between the fictional and historical discourses and the narrative resources present in Mario Vargas Llosa's historical novel, La fiesta del chivo (2000). The novel reinvents the discourses which refer to the history of the so-called 'Era of Trujillo' in the Dominican Republic by means of, among other poetic procedures, the structural categories of carnavalization, parody, dialogism and intertextuality. By resorting to these categories, the novel rewrites and challenges the assertions of history and promotes new insights on past events. In order to examine the historical events present in the fictional narrative, this study makes reference to the history of the Dominican Republic from 1930 to 1961, which is the period referred to in the work of fiction. This study also briefly discusses Mario Vargas Llosa's creative process and uses it as a way to gain access to the specificities of focalized novel. The literary analysis emphasizes how the novel carries out a parodistic review of the myth of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, the strogman of the abovementioned period, and highlights his demystification, which makes the human dimension of the main character evident. Due to this procedure, the novel carnavalizes history, making it possible to do alternative readings of historical discourses.

A través de un análisis de dos protagonistas en dos libros diferentes de Mario Vargas Llosa: Pantaleón de Pantaleón y las visitadoras y Ricardo de Travesuras de la niña mala, se investiga en este estudio si los personajes del análisis tienen rasgos que, según las teorías elegidas pueden verse como masculinos. Al principio del trabajo se presentan algunos estudios científicos y sus resultados de la investigación sobre lo que es la masculinidad. Luego, en el análisis, se investigan las características de los dos personajes en relación a tres puntos teóricos (relaciones extramatrimoniales con mujeres de clase subordinada, confirmación de la masculinidad teniendo relaciones extramatrimoniales y logos y el hombre racional), cada cual conteniendo diferentes aspectos de la masculinidad. En oposición a nuestra hipótesis, que el Pantaleón de Pantaleón y las visitadoras iba a tener más rasgos comunes con la teoría que Ricardo en Travesuras de la niña mala, hemos visto que, Pantaleón se aparta bastante de la teoría, sobre todo en cuanto a la racionalidad. Existen, tanto semejanzas entre los dos personajes y la teoría, como diferencias. En cuanto al concepto de la masculinidad, hemos visto en el análisis que, al igual que lo que dicen los teóricos presentados, la masculinidad puede cambiar o variarse con el tiempo, ya que los libros fueron escritos en dos épocas diferentes.

(anglicky): The Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa (*1936) enjoys a high level of popularity in the Czech Republic. This is demonstrated by the number of translators, who focused on his work. A few of the translators translated more than one of his works (Vladimír Medek, Jana Novotná, Anežka Charvátová), however, most of them only translated one of his books, such as Alena Šimková (Death in the Andes) or Petr Zavadil (The Feast of the Goat). The first part of this thesis offers an exhaustive overview of the author's works, which have been translated into the Czech language, as well as an evaluation of the ways Czech readers got familiarized with his works and how their interest developed. In the next part, the thesis focuses on a specific translation of Death in the Andes by Alena Šimková. The commentary is based on a translatological analysis of the work with a focus on comparative analysis of the original and the translation; we will further try to determine whether the translator based her work on an existing English translation, and whether and how she follows up on previous translations of Vargas Llosa's works, with a focus on recurring characters and motives. In the conclusion of the thesis, we will attempt to map out the changes to the publishing market in the Czech Republic after 1989.

(in English): The objective of this diploma thesis is to show the way of Mario Vargas Llosa's literary vision and his interpretation of Lima in the novel The Time of the Hero. My aim is also to express the particularity and distinctiveness of the imagery of Lima in the novel. In the beginning, I mention the most important facts of history of the city, specifically the 50's and the 60's of the 20th century, which are the decades of the novel's formation and publication. This part is based on the book of essays Lima la horrible of Sebastián Salazar Bondy in which the author describes the world of the Lima's population in this period. I also introduce briefly evolution of the image of the city in the Peruvian literature. This part is based, besides others, on the essay "Lima, ciudad sin novella" of Julio Ramón Ribeyro. In the main part of my thesis I mention the storyline of the novel. After that, I focus my attention on the structure of the novel The Time of the Hero, which is characterized by alternation of narrative spaces and tenses. This aspect helps to make the story uncertain. I also describe the formal side of the novel, primarily the arrangement of the main chapters and their smaller parts which are symmetricaly ordered according to the concerned topic, place or time. I present the main two...

La investigación presente analiza la caracterización de la protagonista de la novela Travesuras de la niña mala de Mario Vargas Llosa (2006) a través de una crítica falocéntrica para determinar si es una obra feminista o no. Particularmente, el objetivo del trabajo es analizar la descripción del personaje principal en relación con el feminismo y la feminidad, teniendo en cuenta desde cuál punto de vista la presentación está realizado. Las preguntas de investigación son: ¿Podría clasificar Travesuras de la niña mala como una obra feminista? ¿Cómo está descrito el personaje de Otilia en relación con lo femenino? ¿Es un personaje femenino, feminista, ambas al mismo tiempo? El análisis se sostiene en teorías sobre el feminismo (Toril Moi 1989), la crítica falocéntrica (Kate Millet 1969), y en los conceptos de lo femenino, la femme fatale y la mirada masculina (Laura Mulvey 1989). La investigación se realiza con un método hermenéutico donde la lectura del corpus se enfoca en las estructuras de poder de género presentes. Los hallazgos del análisis son que existe tanto una cosificación como una feminización del personaje. La caracterización incluye características apeladas a lo masculino, pero, las cuales están excusadas por el pasado del personaje. Además, el análisis deduce que el personaje está descrito como dependiente de un hombre tanto materialmente como emocionalmente. Consecuentemente, la conclusión de la investigación es que la obra no puede decirse ser una obra feminista. / The present investigation analyses the characterization of the protagonist of the novel Travesuras de la niña mala by Mario Vargas Llosa (2006) through a phallocentric critique to determine if it is a feminist work or not. Particularly, the objective of the work is to analyse the description of the main character in relation to feminism and femininity, considering from which point of view the presentation is made. The research questions are: Could you classify Travesuras de la niña mala as a feminist work? How is Otilia's character described in relation to femininity? Is she a female character, feminist, both at the same time? The analysis is based on theories on feminism (Toril Moi 1989), phallocentric criticism (Kate Millet 1969), and on the concepts of femininity, the femme fatale and the male gaze (Laura Mulvey 1989). The research is carried out with a hermeneutic method where the reading of the corpus focuses on the present gender power structures. The findings of the analysis are that there is both an objectification and a feminization of the character. The characterization includes characteristics appealing to the masculine, but which are excused by the character's past. In addition, the analysis deduces that the character is described as dependent on a man both materially and emotionally. Consequently, the conclusion of the investigation is that the work cannot be said to be a feminist work.

This dissertation asserts that the tortuous relationship Spanish American literature had with cosmopolitanism since the Wars of Independence reached a turning point towards the end of the second half of the twentieth century. While the literary production of the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century was centred on the Spanish American nation and the continent, contemporary literature has become increasingly deterritorialized, and has begun to present narrative worlds and discuss issues that transcend this circumscribed universe. The discerning of this articulation of global issues in contemporary literature – which I contend is predicated on the concept of cosmopolitanism – is the primary objective of this investigation. The five novels examined here are Elena Poniatowska’s La “Flor de Lis” (1988), Mario Vargas Llosa’s El Paraíso en la otra esquina (2003) and El sueño del celta (2010), and Jorge Volpi’s El fin de la locura (2003) and No será la Tierra (2006). This study aims to describe and assess an evolving perspective on the treatment of cosmopolitanism in Spanish America. I trace the shift from the previous generations’ main preoccupation with aesthetic cosmopolitanism, which sought to engage Latin American literary discourse with the Western canon, to what I identify as the current political implication of the concept. To this end, I show that whereas mid-twentieth century authors displaced cosmopolitanism in favour of more politically expedient concepts, authors now plot it in their novels as a means of discussing issues of identity and citizenship in an increasingly globalized world.

OF THE THESIS: The novel Captain Pantoja and the Special Service introduces the second period of Mario Vargas Llosa's literary production, which is caracterized by the simplification of the narration and the discovery of humour. The thesis focuses on the formal and thematic analysis of the novel with the objective to prove that despite the novel is in general humorous and parodic, there could be found some constant topics, known to the readers from Llosa's previous novels, which he had always treated very critically, and he also did so in this erotic and humorous work. Therefore, apart from the analysis of humour the thesis also examines the critical approach to the social problems present in the novel. The analysis also shows that the narration is slightly simplified in comparison to the author's formers works, but it still perfectly demonstrates the unconventional narrative techniques, which Vargas Llosa has used since the 1960's, since the period of the new hispano-american novel. KEY WORDS: Mario Vargas Llosa, Captain Pantoja and the Special Service, The Time of the Hero, The Green House, Latin American boom, Hispano-American new novel, total novel, experimental narrative techniques, types of humour and irony, humorous prose, parody, erotic novel, libertine prose, rainforest, criticism of the...