This thesis investigates the social construction of masculinities in Trabzon, with a (pro)feminist approach. This study is based on the assumption that masculinities are socially and contextually constructed grounding on the local dynamics. In order to examine that, I identified and focused on three trajectories in Trabzon that have largely affected the social construction of masculinities in the last two decades. Those are the men&rsquo / s emotional and sexual lives, men&rsquo / s families and the domestic lives and rightist politics and football fanaticism of Trabzonspor. In order to investigate the social construction of masculinities in the city, a qualitative field research, based on feminist methodology was conducted. The field research was conducted between August 2010 and October 2011 by making interviews with men from different social milieu, in Trabzon city centre. This study presents that the men&rsquo / s experiences of three trajectories noted above contributed the construction of conservative and patriarchal masculinities in Trabzon.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det går att finna relevanta skillnader i framställandet av mannen över tidsperioden 1999 till 2011. Om en förändring har skett vill vi försöka ta reda på hur den ser ut. Utifrån en socialkonstruktivistisk utgångspunkt och med hjälp av begreppsliga redogörelser av genus, maskuliniteter och homosocialitet ämnar vi analysera de båda livsstilsmagasinen Café och Slitz. Vi kommer särskilt ta fasta på studier om massmedia och dess inverkan på människors vardagliga liv. Metoden som används för att vi närmare ska kunna analysera materialet är kritisk diskursanalys, som går ut på att skärskåda textens grundläggande meningssammanhang. Materialet vi utgår ifrån är begränsat till alla Cafés och Slitz utgåvor från 1999. För att se om förändring skett analyserar vi två utgåvor av Café från 2010 och sex från 2011, samt sex utgåvor av Slitz från 2009 och tre från 2011. Därigenom är vår ambition att försöka presentera en intressant bild av denna mångnyanserade kontext och dess diskursiva aspekter. Det generella resultatet är följande: i Slitz har vi inte funnit någon relevant skillnad, men däremot i Café finner vi en diskursiv skillnad från 1999 till 2011. / The purpose of this essay is to examine whether it is possible to find relevant differences in the presentation of the man over the time period from 1999 to 2011. If a change has occurred, we want to try to find out how it looks like. From a social constructivist approach and using conceptual explanations of gender, masculinity and homosociality, we intend to analyze the two Swedish lifestyle magazines Café and Slitz. We will take particular note of studies on mass media and its impact on people's everyday lives. The method used to enable us to further analyze the material is critical discourse analysis, which is to scrutinize the basic sentence context of the text. The material we assume is limited to all Café’s and Slitz’ editions from 1999. To see if changes are made, we analyze two editions of Café from 2010 and six from 2011, and six editions of Slitz from 2009 and three from 2011. Thus, our aim is to try to present an interesting picture of these multi-nuanced contextual and discursive aspects. The general results are as follows: in Slitz, we found no relevant difference, but in the Café, we find a discursive difference between 1999 to 2011.

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In this project, I situate the Black Rio movement and Brazilian música soul within a history of representations of black Brazilian masculinities in music. I do so in order to trace changing conceptualizations of race and citizenship in 1970s Rio de Janeiro. I seek to move beyond the existing literature which judges the Black Rio movement on its political expediency while ignoring its historico-cultural context. That is, prior works tend to pit black soul musicians and dancers against the mostly-white, middle-class intellectuals who have historically made determinations about black Brazilians, and in doing so these works have judged the Black Rio movement a political failure. Instead, I focus on the agency asserted by black Brazilian musicians and dancers in representing themselves and in creating alternative places for the enactment of their identities in opposition to the normative expectations of Blackness and standards of masculinity. Beginning in the 1920s and the 1930s, expectations for black masculine behavior were tied to restrictive, demeaning representations of the malandro in samba music and of afrobrasilidade in Carnaval celebrations. These representations were influenced by changing attitudes towards race in the context of national consolidation and the propagation of the myth of racial democracy, which recognized racial difference while not recognizing extant racial inequality. Entrenched modes of thinking and normative modes of being were adamantly challenged by soul musicians and dancers in the 1970s. Through the adoption of U.S. funk and soul music and strong masculine imagery associated with the Black Power movement, black Brazilians appropriated and resignified international symbols in order to forge a new black identity. In doing so, soul musicians and dancers carved alternative spaces for themselves, and renegotiated the terms of their inclusion in the Brazilian nation. This paper considers the shifting place of Blackness in Brazil through an analysis of visual, aural and lyrical representations of Blackness in music and in the critical reception of that music. I argue that funk and soul music played a key role in destabilizing the restrictive notion of afrobrasilidade held by mainstream Brazilian society, enabling new ways of being both black and Brazilian. / text

Sjuksköterskeprofessionen har ur ett historiskt perspektiv varit ett kvinnoyrke. Kvinnor till skillnad från män tillskrivs vårdande som egenskap, då stereotypa föreställningar och attityder finns om att kvinnor är mer omsorgsfulla än män. Manliga sjuksköterskor tenderer att söka sig bort från omvårdnadsområden med nära omvårdnad till omvårdnadsområden som kräver medicinteknisk kunskap och fysisk styrka. Manliga och kvinnliga sjuksköterskor har olika förutsättningar i vårdandet som orsakas av deras könstillhörighet. Syftet var att belysa om och i så fall hur manliga sjuksköterskor upplever svårigheter i vårdandet relaterat till deras könstillhörighet. Litteraturstudie har använts som metod. Studien baseras på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från databaserna CINAHL plus with full text och PubMed. Artiklarna bearbetades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom tre huvudteman med subteman. Det första huvudtemat, I Att vara man i vården, beskriver vad manliga sjuksköterskor har upplevt i sin profession som sjuksköterska. Det andra temat, II Sexualisering, beskriver manliga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bli sexualiserade av patienter och samhället. Det tredje temat, III Att använda strategier i omvårdnadsarbetet, beskriver strategier manliga sjuksköterskor utvecklat för att hantera problem som uppstått i omvårdnadsarbetet. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån Connells teori om maskuliniteter. Diskussion förs om genusordning och hegemoniskt maskulinitetsideal inom sjuksköterskeprofessionen samt om hur könsstereotypa föreställningar och förväntningar påverkar manliga sjuksköterskor i vårdandet.

Canada is currently the world leader in the number of per capita prosecutions of HIV nondisclosure (Hastings, 2017). Many of these cases garner the attention of media and receive sensational and dramatic coverage. This thesis provides a feminist critical discourse analysis of the juridical and mediated content on Trevis Smith who was a former Canadian Football League linebacker convicted of aggravated sexual assault for not disclosing to his sexual partners that he was living with HIV. Mobilizing an intersectional (Crenshaw, 1989, 1991) and masculinities (Connell, 2005/1995; Messerschmidt, 2012; 2016) theoretical framework, I specifically explored the ways in which the media and juridical content constituted Smith by considering how the different discourses were shaped by race, gender, class, criminality, sexual orientation, and seropositivity. The analysis revealed three main discourses: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, The “Sodom and Ghomorrah of Shared Sexual Partners” and Playing a Dangerous Game. These discourses demonstrate that Smith was initially shown sympathy by way of his construction as a philanthropist, and sports hero. However, as the case progressed his masculinity was discursively linked to racialized tropes of hypersexuality, dangerousness, and criminality due to his failure to disclose that he was HIV positive. I conclude that these discursive connections are part of a broader historical narrative that subjugates and controls Black men while also working to symbolically and literally segregate the Canadian HIV-negative social body from the hypersexual Black ‘AIDS fiend’.

Towards the end of the last century discussions on the representation of masculinity in male body-based performance art placed emphasis on the deconstruction of normative masculine identities. The focus of these investigations tended to position the image of masculinity within Lacan’s sexuation matrix, and as such, these representations were usually referred to as being phallic. That is, they reinscribed the behaviours, traits and characteristics of normative masculinity into the performance space. The central thrust of this practice-as-research thesis is that while some male artists deconstruct the performance of phallic masculinity, to challenge normative masculine ideologies, they often first reinscribe normativity onto their bodies. I argue that, while achieving a destabilisation, this approach does not take into consideration the multiplicity of masculine identities that emerge through the individual lived experiences of masculinity This thesis proposes that the performance of my personal experiences of having a masculine identity, and the exploration of these through my male body, might offer an alternative challenge to normative masculinity. Deriving from performance practices that I refer to as ’muscular masculinity’ consideration is given to how I might make space in my work to encourage a focus on the sensorial qualities of having a masculine identity. I mean this in relation to, for example, the feelings of emotions such as shame, anxiety, and vulnerability that emerge as a result of challenging my own identity, and also the different corporeal pleasures I experience as a result of having a male body. In this thesis, I refer to the practice of attending to these sensorial qualities and the gaps that emerge through an intersubjective exchange in performance, as generosity. Furthermore, I argue that generosity can challenge normative representations of masculinity because it requires the male artist to struggle; to struggle with the incoherence of their identity, to struggle with their body, and to struggle with the insecurity of meaning making.

Esta dissertação trata das formas pelas quais um grupo de homens que frequentam uma academia de musculação da zona sul de Porto Alegre incorpora práticas de cuidados corporais com vistas à produção de corpos adequados aos padrões estéticos contemporâneos e como lidam com a ambiguidade decorrente destas práticas que se situam na fronteira entre o que é percebido como masculino e feminino. O marco teórico que subsidia este estudo contempla a discussão sobre masculinidades, as teorizações foucaultianas sobre biopolítica e os estudos sobre o governo dos corpos na contemporaneidade. O material empírico foi construído a partir de uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico que conciliou observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas, cujos registros produziram um diário de campo. A análise consistiu em contrastar os achados da pesquisa com aqueles descritos na literatura, problematizando as formas pelas quais os frequentadores desta academia incorporam no seu cotidiano algumas práticas de cuidados com o corpo. Esse processo permitiu compreender que algumas práticas são consideradas não-problemáticas para a construção do gênero e são aceitas sem maiores problemas, enquanto outras, aquelas consideradas potencialmente perigosas para a afirmação da masculinidade, são modificadas ou suprimidas. / This paper is about a group of men that works out in a south Porto Alegre‟s gym and their body care and ways to achieve the contemporary esthetic patterns. The theoretical approach that bases this study faces the discussion about masculinities, foucaultians theories about biopolitics, and the studies about body government on contemporaneity and how they deal with the ambiguity resulting from such practices that are in the border of what is considerate masculine or feminine. Empiric material was build from an ethnographic research that matches observations of the participants and semi-structured interviews, whose records brought forth a research diary. Analyses consisted on contrast research results from those described on literature, problematizing the ways by which regulars from this gym incorporate in their everyday some body care practices. This process allowed comprehending that some practices are considered non-problematic for gender construction, and are commonly accept, whereas others, considered potentially danger for masculinity affirmation, are modified or suppressed.

This project is based on an ethnography of Trifecta Tech (pseudonym) a major high-tech firm on the West coast of the U.S. Although a growing group of organizational theorists started investigating high-tech firms’ organizational model and management mechanisms, they are still limited by their neglect of two latest trends in the high-tech industry: the rejuvenation of the workforce through disproportionally recruiting young college-educated men and the masculinization of the organizational culture. Drawing on 46 in-depth interviews and 11 months of participant observation, this study argues that these two latest dynamics result in some significant organizational processes that have not been examined before, including the gamification of the workplace; the promotion of “playful” organizational culture that attempts to blur boundaries between work and off-work activities; and the reinforcement of masculinized racial hierarchy to facilitate managers’ division of labor.

Tomando o conto de Machado de Assis, o Alienista, como inspiração, este trabalho olha para as construções de masculinidades de homens usuários de serviços de saúde mental da rede substitutiva, egressos de longa permanência em hospital psiquiátrico e suas itinerâncias no espaço urbano. Entre o cuidado, exercido predominantemente por mulheres e o duplo interdito que recai sobre os mesmos, interdito diagnóstico e o interdito legal, homens perambulam pela cena urbana, ganhando chão e tecendo redes. Redes de vizinhança e de troca que lhes colocam a possibilidade de serem mais um, perdendo-se na indiferença, no anonimato que os torna cabíveis. Em suas andarilhanças se fazem viáveis redesenhando lugares e nomeações. Morar, escolher, trabalhar, prover a casa, exercer a conjugalidade, provar sua honra e virilidade, ser depositário da confiança do dono do armazém e comprar no caderno, dizem de frestas que se abrem no social. Olhares que se deseducam, ressignificando masculinidades. Num recorte de território e de subjetivações, inseridos em serviços residenciais terapêuticos, perdidos/achados numa vila, que poderia ser a do conto Machadiano, alforriados pelos muitos doutores Bacamartes que lhes selaram caminhos, homens experimentam a potência dos encontros como produção de saúde. / Taking the tale of Machado de Assis, the Alienist, as inspiration, this work looks at the construction of masculinities of male users of mental health services network replacement. Men are emerging from long stay in a psychiatric hospital and its itinerancies in urban space. Among the care exercised predominantly by women and the double injunction that falls on them, diagnosis and interdict interdict legal, men roam the urban scene, gaining ground and weaving networks. Neighborhood networks and exchange them put the possibility of another, losing himself in indifference, anonymity makes them reasonable. In his itinerancies make themselves viable redesigning seats and appointments. Living in a home, choose to work, provide for the household, marital exercise, prove your honor and manhood, be custodian of the trust of the owner of the store and buy the book, say the cracks that open in social. In a clipping territory and subjectivation, inserted in residential care homes, lost / found in a village, which could be the tale Machado, men experience the power of the encounters as health production.